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commit    364fc8e72e97fcd24a1f272879af5a64ec851277
Author:   Jeff Davis <jdavis@postgresql.org>
Date:     Mon Aug 24 18:51:59 2026 +0000

    pg_locale.c: add explanatory comments.
    
    Explain the purpose of case mapping functions, rather than just the
    API.
    
    Suggested-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
    Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/v36ssaygf7grb3qzfsjhtdzi7kqd45ds56nyuf7gi5qjml4qbb@ezmfqzmhlrs2
    Backpatch-through: 18


 src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale.c | 23 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale.c
index b6f3917c67d..8afbd5b26f3 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale.c
@@ -1330,6 +1330,9 @@ strupper_c(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, size_t srclen)
  * Convert src to lowercase, and return the result length (not including
  * terminating NUL).
  *
+ * Lowercasing is intended for human-readable display.  If the goal is to
+ * convert to a canonical caseless form, see pg_strfold().
+ *
  * src must be in the database encoding with no embedded NULs.  If srclen is
  * -1, src must be NUL-terminated.  If dstsize is zero, dst may be NULL, which
  * is useful for calculating the required buffer size before allocating.
@@ -1367,6 +1370,11 @@ pg_strlower(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, ssize_t srclen,
  * Convert src to titlecase, and return the result length (not including
  * terminating NUL).
  *
+ * Titlecasing is intended for human-readable display.  A titlecase string has
+ * the initial letter of each word uppercased (or changed to a special
+ * titlecase form, if available), and all other characters lowercased.  Used
+ * to implement the SQL INITCAP() function.
+ *
  * src must be in the database encoding with no embedded NULs.  If srclen is
  * -1, src must be NUL-terminated.  If dstsize is zero, dst may be NULL, which
  * is useful for calculating the required buffer size before allocating.
@@ -1404,6 +1412,9 @@ pg_strtitle(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, ssize_t srclen,
  * Convert src to uppercase, and return the result length (not including
  * terminating NUL).
  *
+ * Uppercasing is intended for human-readable display.  If the goal is to
+ * convert to a canonical caseless form, see pg_strfold().
+ *
  * src must be in the database encoding with no embedded NULs.  If srclen is
  * -1, src must be NUL-terminated.  If dstsize is zero, dst may be NULL, which
  * is useful for calculating the required buffer size before allocating.
@@ -1438,7 +1449,17 @@ pg_strupper(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, ssize_t srclen,
 /*
  * pg_strfold()
  *
- * Casefold src, and return the result length (not including terminating NUL).
+ * Casefold src, and return the result length (not including terminating
+ * NUL).
+ *
+ * Casefolding produces a canonical string such that, iff the casefolded
+ * strings are equal, the original strings are a case-insensitive match (the
+ * strength of this guarantee depends on normalization, provider and locale).
+ * In practice the result is similar to lowercasing, but the purpose is
+ * different: lowercasing is for human-readable display; whereas casefolding
+ * is meant to canonicalize complex mappings reliably without regard for
+ * display.  Unicode guarantees that casefolding is stable across versions if
+ * the original string consists only of assigned code points.
  *
  * src must be in the database encoding with no embedded NULs.  If srclen is
  * -1, src must be NUL-terminated.  If dstsize is zero, dst may be NULL, which


[parent: ed37fefedb3f]