postgres.git / summary / log / commit / refs
commit b6ccd30d8ff6422ad0f79ce2fc801f2437d90664
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Date: Tue Apr 07 09:07:59 2026 +0000
Add isolation tests for UPDATE/DELETE FOR PORTION OF
Add documentation about concurrency issues related to UPDATE/DELETE
FOR PORTION OF as well as supporting isolation tests.
Author: Paul A. Jungwirth <pj@illuminatedcomputing.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/ec498c3d-5f2b-48ec-b989-5561c8aa2024%40illuminatedcomputing.com
doc/src/sgml/dml.sgml | 38 +
doc/src/sgml/images/Makefile | 3 +-
doc/src/sgml/images/meson.build | 1 +
doc/src/sgml/images/temporal-isolation.svg | 47 +
doc/src/sgml/images/temporal-isolation.txt | 44 +
src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c | 4 +
src/test/isolation/expected/for-portion-of.out | 4089 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/isolation/isolation_schedule | 1 +
src/test/isolation/specs/for-portion-of.spec | 597 ++++
9 files changed, 4823 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/dml.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/dml.sgml
index 86d3865ae90..429aae9bd7b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/dml.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/dml.sgml
@@ -394,6 +394,44 @@ DELETE FROM products
triggers are fired, but permission checks for inserting rows are
skipped.
</para>
+
+ <para>
+ In <literal>READ COMMITTED</literal> mode, temporal updates and deletes can
+ yield unexpected results when they concurrently touch the same row. It is
+ possible to lose all or part of the second update or delete. The scenario
+ is illustrated in <xref linkend="temporal-isolation-figure"/>. Session 2
+ searches for rows to change, and it finds one that Session 1 has already
+ modified. It waits for Session 1 to commit. Then it re-checks whether the
+ row still matches its search criteria (including the start/end times
+ targeted by <literal>FOR PORTION OF</literal>). Session 1 may have changed
+ those times so that they no longer qualify.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In addition, the temporal leftovers inserted by Session 1 are not visible
+ within Session 2's transaction, because they are not yet committed.
+ Therefore there is nothing for Session 2 to update/delete: neither the
+ modified row nor the leftovers. The portion of history that Session 2
+ intended to change is not affected.
+ </para>
+
+ <figure id="temporal-isolation-figure">
+ <title>Temporal Isolation Example</title>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="images/temporal-isolation.svg" format="SVG" width="35%"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>
+ To solve these problems, precede every temporal update/delete with a
+ <literal>SELECT FOR UPDATE</literal> matching the same criteria (including
+ the targeted portion of application time). That way the actual
+ update/delete doesn't begin until the lock is held, and all concurrent
+ leftovers will be visible. In higher transaction isolation levels, this
+ lock is not required.
+ </para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="dml-returning">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/images/Makefile b/doc/src/sgml/images/Makefile
index 7b8ac0fbb32..9362c30998e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/images/Makefile
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/images/Makefile
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ ALL_IMAGES = \
temporal-entities.svg \
temporal-references.svg \
temporal-update.svg \
- temporal-delete.svg
+ temporal-delete.svg \
+ temporal-isolation.svg
DITAA = ditaa
DOT = dot
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/images/meson.build b/doc/src/sgml/images/meson.build
index ea1fdee3901..220e3eaafb8 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/images/meson.build
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/images/meson.build
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ all_files = [
'temporal-references.txt',
'temporal-update.txt',
'temporal-delete.txt',
+ 'temporal-isolation.txt',
]
foreach file : all_files
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/images/temporal-isolation.svg b/doc/src/sgml/images/temporal-isolation.svg
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6f88c763800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/images/temporal-isolation.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 350 672" width="350" height="672" shape-rendering="geometricPrecision" version="1.0">
+ <defs>
+ <filter id="f2" x="0" y="0" width="200%" height="200%">
+ <feOffset result="offOut" in="SourceGraphic" dx="5" dy="5"/>
+ <feGaussianBlur result="blurOut" in="offOut" stdDeviation="3"/>
+ <feBlend in="SourceGraphic" in2="blurOut" mode="normal"/>
+ </filter>
+ </defs>
+ <g stroke-width="1" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-linejoin="round">
+ <rect x="0" y="0" width="350" height="672" style="fill: #ffffff"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#ffff33" d="M205.0 301.0 L205.0 371.0 L325.0 371.0 L325.0 301.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#ffff33" d="M325.0 469.0 L325.0 539.0 L205.0 539.0 L205.0 469.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#99dd99" d="M25.0 35.0 L25.0 91.0 L145.0 91.0 L145.0 35.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#99dd99" d="M25.0 133.0 L25.0 189.0 L145.0 189.0 L145.0 133.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#99dd99" d="M25.0 287.0 L145.0 287.0 L145.0 231.0 L25.0 231.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#ffff33" d="M205.0 133.0 L205.0 189.0 L325.0 189.0 L325.0 133.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#ffff33" d="M325.0 581.0 L205.0 581.0 L205.0 637.0 L325.0 637.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#ffff33" d="M205.0 91.0 L325.0 91.0 L325.0 35.0 L205.0 35.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#99dd99" d="M145.0 399.0 L145.0 455.0 L25.0 455.0 L25.0 399.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="none" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#000000" d="M80.0 112.0 L85.0 126.0 L90.0 112.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="none" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#000000" d="M260.0 112.0 L265.0 126.0 L270.0 112.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="none" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#000000" d="M80.0 210.0 L85.0 224.0 L90.0 210.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="none" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#000000" d="M260.0 280.0 L265.0 294.0 L270.0 280.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="none" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#000000" d="M80.0 378.0 L85.0 392.0 L90.0 378.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="none" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#000000" d="M260.0 448.0 L265.0 462.0 L270.0 448.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="none" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="#000000" d="M260.0 560.0 L265.0 574.0 L270.0 560.0 z"/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" d="M85.0 91.0 L85.0 119.0 "/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" d="M85.0 189.0 L85.0 217.0 "/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" d="M265.0 539.0 L265.0 567.0 "/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" d="M265.0 91.0 L265.0 119.0 "/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" d="M265.0 371.0 L265.0 455.0 "/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" d="M85.0 385.0 L85.0 287.0 "/>
+ <path stroke="#000000" stroke-width="1.000000" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" fill="none" d="M265.0 189.0 L265.0 287.0 "/>
+ <text x="46" y="68" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">Session 1</text>
+ <text x="220" y="334" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">UPDATE;</text>
+ <text x="220" y="348" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">waits...</text>
+ <text x="48" y="166" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">BEGIN;</text>
+ <text x="228" y="166" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">BEGIN;</text>
+ <text x="226" y="68" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">Session 2</text>
+ <text x="47" y="264" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">UPDATE;</text>
+ <text x="46" y="432" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">COMMIT;</text>
+ <text x="226" y="614" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">COMMIT;</text>
+ <text x="220" y="502" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">...resumes</text>
+ <text x="220" y="516" font-family="Courier" font-size="13" stroke="none" fill="#000000">rechecks</text>
+ </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/images/temporal-isolation.txt b/doc/src/sgml/images/temporal-isolation.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..870db7b0025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/images/temporal-isolation.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
++-----------+ +-----------+
+| cGRE | | cYEL |
+|Session 1 | |Session 2 |
+| | | |
++-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
+ | |
+ v v
++-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
+| cGRE | | cYEL |
+| BEGIN; | | BEGIN; |
+| | | |
++-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
+ | |
+ v |
++-----+-----+ |
+| cGRE | |
+| UPDATE; | |
+| | |
++-----+-----+ v
+ | +-----+-----+
+ | | cYEL |
+ | | UPDATE; |
+ | | waits... |
+ | | |
+ | +-----+-----+
+ v |
++-----+-----+ |
+| cGRE | |
+| COMMIT; | |
+| | |
++-----------+ v
+ +-----+-----+
+ | cYEL |
+ | ...resumes|
+ | rechecks |
+ | |
+ +-----+-----+
+ |
+ v
+ +-----+-----+
+ | cYEL |
+ | COMMIT; |
+ | |
+ +-----------+
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c
index dfd7b33aa9b..ef2a6bc6e9d 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeModifyTable.c
@@ -1465,6 +1465,10 @@ ExecForPortionOfLeftovers(ModifyTableContext *context,
* We have already locked the tuple in ExecUpdate/ExecDelete, and it has
* passed EvalPlanQual. This ensures that concurrent updates in READ
* COMMITTED can't insert conflicting temporal leftovers.
+ *
+ * It does *not* protect against concurrent update/deletes overlooking
+ * each others' leftovers though. See our isolation tests for details
+ * about that and a viable workaround.
*/
if (!table_tuple_fetch_row_version(resultRelInfo->ri_RelationDesc, tupleid, SnapshotAny, oldtupleSlot))
elog(ERROR, "failed to fetch tuple for FOR PORTION OF");
diff --git a/src/test/isolation/expected/for-portion-of.out b/src/test/isolation/expected/for-portion-of.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2438c469599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/isolation/expected/for-portion-of.out
@@ -0,0 +1,4089 @@
+Parsed test spec with 2 sessions
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+(2 rows)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2upd2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2upd202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2upd20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2del2027 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2del202503 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock2027 s2del2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock202503 s2del202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2del2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2del2027 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2del202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2del202503 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2del20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+(2 rows)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2upd2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2upd202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2upd20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2del2027 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2del202503 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock2027 s2del2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock202503 s2del202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2del2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2del2027 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock2027:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2del202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2del202503 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock202503:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2del20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2rc: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;
+step s2lock20252026:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1lock2025:
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1lock2025: <... completed>
+id|valid_at|price
+--+--------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd202503 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd202503 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del202503 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2del2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2del202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del202503 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2del2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2del202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-03-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd2027 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd202503 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd20252026 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2upd20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd2027 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd202503 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd20252026 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(4 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd202503:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent update
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del2027 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del202503 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del20252026 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2del2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2del202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s2del20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del2027 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del202503 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del20252026 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2del2027 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(3 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2del202503 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del2027:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del202503:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-03-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-04-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1rr s2rr s1q s2del20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+step s1rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s2rr: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(1 row)
+
+step s2del20252026:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1del2025:
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+ <waiting ...>
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1del2025: <... completed>
+ERROR: could not serialize access due to concurrent delete
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-06-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(2 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1ser s2ser s2upd2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2upd2027:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2027-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2028-01-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
+
+starting permutation: s1ser s2ser s2upd20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+step s1ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2ser: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
+step s2upd20252026:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s2c: COMMIT;
+step s1upd2025:
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+
+step s1c: COMMIT;
+step s1q: SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at;
+id |valid_at |price
+-----+-----------------------+-----
+[1,2)|[2020-01-01,2025-01-01)| 5.00
+[1,2)|[2025-01-01,2025-06-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2025-06-01,2026-01-01)| 8.00
+[1,2)|[2026-01-01,2026-06-01)|10.00
+[1,2)|[2026-06-01,2030-01-01)| 5.00
+(5 rows)
+
diff --git a/src/test/isolation/isolation_schedule b/src/test/isolation/isolation_schedule
index c1a999bf1d2..1578ba191c8 100644
--- a/src/test/isolation/isolation_schedule
+++ b/src/test/isolation/isolation_schedule
@@ -125,3 +125,4 @@ test: serializable-parallel-2
test: serializable-parallel-3
test: matview-write-skew
test: lock-nowait
+test: for-portion-of
diff --git a/src/test/isolation/specs/for-portion-of.spec b/src/test/isolation/specs/for-portion-of.spec
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1ab9b257551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/isolation/specs/for-portion-of.spec
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+# UPDATE/DELETE FOR PORTION OF test
+#
+# Test inserting temporal leftovers from a FOR PORTION OF update/delete.
+#
+# In READ COMMITTED mode, concurrent updates/deletes to the same records cause
+# weird results. Portions of history that should have been updated/deleted don't
+# get changed. That's because the leftovers from one operation are added too
+# late to be seen by the other. EvalPlanQual will reload the changed-in-common
+# row, but it won't re-scan to find new leftovers.
+#
+# MariaDB similarly gives undesirable results in READ COMMITTED mode (although
+# not the same results). DB2 doesn't have READ COMMITTED, but it gives correct
+# results at all levels, in particular READ STABILITY (which seems closest).
+#
+# A workaround is to lock the part of history you want before changing it (using
+# SELECT FOR UPDATE). That way the search for rows is late enough to see
+# leftovers from the other session(s). This shouldn't impose any new deadlock
+# risks, since the locks are the same as before. Adding a third/fourth/etc.
+# connection also doesn't change the semantics. The READ COMMITTED tests here
+# demonstrate the problem and also show that solving it with manual locks is
+# viable and not vitiated by any bugs. Incidentally, this approach also works in
+# MariaDB.
+#
+# We run the same tests under REPEATABLE READ to show the problem goes away.
+# In general they do what you'd want with no explicit locking required, but some
+# orderings raise a concurrent update/delete failure (as expected). If there is
+# a prior read by s1, concurrent update/delete failures are more common.
+#
+# To save on test time, we only run a couple SERIALIZABLE tests (for the more
+# problematic permutations).
+#
+# We test updates where s2 updates history that is:
+#
+# - non-overlapping with s1,
+# - contained entirely in s1,
+# - partly contained in s1.
+#
+# We don't need to test where s2 entirely contains s1 because of symmetry:
+# we test both when s1 precedes s2 and when s2 precedes s1, so that scenario is
+# covered.
+#
+# We test various orderings of the update/delete/commit from s1 and s2.
+# Note that `s1lock s2lock s1change` is boring because it's the same as
+# `s1lock s1change s2lock`. In other words it doesn't matter if something
+# interposes between the lock and its change (as long as everyone is following
+# the same policy).
+
+setup
+{
+ CREATE TABLE products (
+ id int4range NOT NULL,
+ valid_at daterange NOT NULL,
+ price decimal NOT NULL,
+ PRIMARY KEY (id, valid_at WITHOUT OVERLAPS));
+ INSERT INTO products VALUES
+ ('[1,2)', '[2020-01-01,2030-01-01)', 5.00);
+}
+
+teardown { DROP TABLE products; }
+
+session s1
+setup { SET datestyle TO ISO, YMD; }
+step s1rc { BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED; }
+step s1rr { BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ; }
+step s1ser { BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE; }
+step s1lock2025 {
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-01-01,2026-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+}
+step s1upd2025 {
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ SET price = 8.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+}
+step s1del2025 {
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-01-01' TO '2026-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+}
+step s1q { SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id, valid_at; }
+step s1c { COMMIT; }
+
+session s2
+setup { SET datestyle TO ISO, YMD; }
+step s2rc { BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED; }
+step s2rr { BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ; }
+step s2ser { BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE; }
+step s2lock202503 {
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-03-01,2025-04-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+}
+step s2lock20252026 {
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2025-06-01,2026-06-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+}
+step s2lock2027 {
+ SELECT * FROM products
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)' AND valid_at && '[2027-01-01,2028-01-01)'
+ ORDER BY valid_at FOR UPDATE;
+}
+step s2upd202503 {
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+}
+step s2upd20252026 {
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+}
+step s2upd2027 {
+ UPDATE products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ SET price = 10.00
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+}
+step s2del202503 {
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-03-01' TO '2025-04-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+}
+step s2del20252026 {
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2025-06-01' TO '2026-06-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+}
+step s2del2027 {
+ DELETE FROM products
+ FOR PORTION OF valid_at FROM '2027-01-01' TO '2028-01-01'
+ WHERE id = '[1,2)';
+}
+step s2c { COMMIT; }
+
+# ########################################
+# READ COMMITTED tests, UPDATE+UPDATE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# and EvalPlanQual no longer matches the row to be updated either.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2upd2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 updates the leftovers from s2
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# but EvalPlanQual still matches the row to be updated.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2upd202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 overwrites the row from s2 and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# but EvalPlanQual still matches the row to be updated,
+# and s1's leftovers don't conflict with s2's.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2upd20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 overwrites the row from s2 and sees its leftovers
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# ########################################
+# READ COMMITTED tests, UPDATE+DELETE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2del2027 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2del202503 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s2c s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock2027 s2del2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock202503 s2del202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1upd2025 s1c s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# and EvalPlanQual no longer matches the row to be updated either.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2del2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 updates the leftovers from s2
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2del2027 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# and EvalPlanQual no longer matches the row to be updated either.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2del202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 sees the leftovers from s2
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2del202503 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# and EvalPlanQual no longer matches the row to be updated either.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2del20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 sees the leftovers from s2
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s1lock2025 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# ########################################
+# READ COMMITTED tests, DELETE+UPDATE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# and EvalPlanQual no longer matches the row to be deleted either.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2upd2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 deletes the leftovers from s2
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2upd2027 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# but EvalPlanQual still matches the row to be deleted.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2upd202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 deletes the new row from s2 and its leftovers
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2upd202503 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# but EvalPlanQual still matches the row to be deleted,
+# and s1 leaves leftovers from the row created by s2.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2upd20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 deletes the new row from s2 and its leftovers
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2upd20252026 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# ########################################
+# READ COMMITTED tests, DELETE+DELETE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2del2027 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2del202503 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s2c s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock2027 s2del2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock202503 s2del202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rc s2rc s1lock2025 s1del2025 s1c s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# and EvalPlanQual no longer matches the row to be deleted either.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2del2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 deletes the leftovers from s2
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock2027 s2del2027 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# and EvalPlanQual no longer matches the row to be deleted either.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2del202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 deletes the leftovers from s2
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock202503 s2del202503 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# Problem:
+# s1 (without locking) overlooks the leftovers from s2
+# and EvalPlanQual no longer matches the row to be deleted either.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2del20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# Workaround:
+# s1 deletes the leftovers from s2
+# Locking is required or s1 won't see the leftovers.
+permutation s1rc s2rc s2lock20252026 s2del20252026 s1lock2025 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# ########################################
+# REPEATABLE READ tests, UPDATE+UPDATE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd202503 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+## with prior read by s1:
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd202503 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# ########################################
+# REPEATABLE READ tests, UPDATE+DELETE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del202503 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2del2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2del202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1upd2025 s1c s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+## with prior read by s1:
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del202503 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2del2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2del202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 loads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1upd2025 s1c s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del2027 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del202503 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del20252026 s1upd2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# ########################################
+# REPEATABLE READ tests, DELETE+UPDATE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd2027 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd202503 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd20252026 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2upd20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+## with prior read by s1:
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd2027 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd202503 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd20252026 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2upd2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2upd202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2upd20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent update
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2upd20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# ########################################
+# REPEATABLE READ tests, DELETE+DELETE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del2027 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del202503 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del20252026 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2del2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2del202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1del2025 s1c s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s2del20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+## with prior read by s1:
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del2027 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del202503 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del20252026 s2c s1del2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s2 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2del2027 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2del202503 s2c s1q
+
+# s2 ignores the deleted row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s1del2025 s1c s2del20252026 s2c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del2027 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del202503 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# s1 fails from concurrent delete
+permutation s1rr s2rr s1q s2del20252026 s1del2025 s2c s1c s1q
+
+# ########################################
+# SERIALIZABLE tests, UPDATE+UPDATE:
+# ########################################
+
+# s1 sees the leftovers
+permutation s1ser s2ser s2upd2027 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
+
+# s1 reloads the updated row and sees its leftovers
+permutation s1ser s2ser s2upd20252026 s2c s1upd2025 s1c s1q
[parent: 5bcc3fbd196c]