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The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference:      15321
Logged by:          Andrew Gierth
Email address:      andrew@tao11.riddles.org.uk
PostgreSQL version: 10.5
Operating system:   any
Description:        

From a report on IRC:

XMLTABLE runs a lot of setup code in the per-query memory context -
resulting in allocations of copies of namespace names, other values, and
_multiple copies of the passed-in XML document_, which are not freed
anywhere.

Accordingly, virtually any lateral call to XMLTABLE on non-toy amounts of
data will blow up the server memory usage:

select count(*)
  from (select ('<rec xmlns="http://foobar">';
                ||
repeat('<obj><col1>foo</col1><col2>bar</col2></obj>',10+(i%10))
                || '</rec>')::xml as content
          from generate_series(1,1000000) i) s,
       xmltable(xmlnamespaces('http://foobar'; AS x),
                'x:obj'
                passing t.content
                columns col1 text path 'x:col1'
                columns col2 text path 'x:col2'
                );
-- uses about 6GB of RAM in my tests