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From: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
To: pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org
Subject: interval_ops shall stop using btequalimage (deduplication)
Date: Tue, 10 Oct 2023 18:33:17 -0700
Message-ID: <20231011013317.22.nmisch@google.com> (raw)

The btequalimage() header comment says:

 * Generic "equalimage" support function.
 *
 * B-Tree operator classes whose equality function could safely be replaced by
 * datum_image_eq() in all cases can use this as their "equalimage" support
 * function.

interval_ops, however, recognizes equal-but-distinguishable values:

  create temp table t (c interval);
  insert into t values ('1d'::interval), ('24h');
  table t;
  select distinct c from t;

The CREATE INDEX of the following test:

  begin;
  create table t (c interval);
  insert into t select x from generate_series(1,500), (values ('1 year 1 month'::interval), ('1 year 30 days')) t(x);
  select distinct c from t;
  create index ti on t (c);
  rollback;

Fails with:

  2498151 2023-10-10 05:06:46.177 GMT DEBUG:  building index "ti" on table "t" serially
  2498151 2023-10-10 05:06:46.178 GMT DEBUG:  index "ti" can safely use deduplication
  TRAP: failed Assert("!itup_key->allequalimage || keepnatts == _bt_keep_natts_fast(rel, lastleft, firstright)"), File: "nbtutils.c", Line: 2443, PID: 2498151

I've also caught btree posting lists where one TID refers to a '1d' heap
tuple, while another TID refers to a '24h' heap tuple.  amcheck complains.
Index-only scans can return the '1d' bits where the actual tuple had the '24h'
bits.  Are there other consequences to highlight in the release notes?  The
back-branch patch is larger, to fix things without initdb.  Hence, I'm
attaching patches for HEAD and for v16 (trivial to merge back from there).  I
glanced at the other opfamilies permitting deduplication, and they look okay:

[local] test=*# select amproc, amproclefttype = amprocrighttype as l_eq_r, array_agg(array[opfname, amproclefttype::regtype::text]) from pg_amproc join pg_opfamily f on amprocfamily = f.oid where amprocnum = 4 and opfmethod = 403 group by 1,2;
─[ RECORD 1 ]───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
amproc    │ btequalimage
l_eq_r    │ t
array_agg │ {{bit_ops,bit},{bool_ops,boolean},{bytea_ops,bytea},{char_ops,"\"char\""},{datetime_ops,date},{datetime_ops,"timestamp without time zone"},{datetime_ops,"timestamp with time zone"},{network_ops,inet},{integer_ops,smallint},{integer_ops,integer},{integer_ops,bigint},{interval_ops,interval},{macaddr_ops,macaddr},{oid_ops,oid},{oidvector_ops,oidvector},{time_ops,"time without time zone"},{timetz_ops,"time with time zone"},{varbit_ops,"bit varying"},{text_pattern_ops,text},{bpchar_pattern_ops,character},{money_ops,money},{tid_ops,tid},{uuid_ops,uuid},{pg_lsn_ops,pg_lsn},{macaddr8_ops,macaddr8},{enum_ops,anyenum},{xid8_ops,xid8}}
─[ RECORD 2 ]───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
amproc    │ btvarstrequalimage
l_eq_r    │ t
array_agg │ {{bpchar_ops,character},{text_ops,text},{text_ops,name}}

Thanks,
nm
Author:     Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Commit:     Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>

    Dissociate btequalimage() from interval_ops, ending its deduplication.
    
    Under interval_ops, some equal values are distinguishable.  One such
    pair is '24:00:00' and '1 day'.  With that being so, btequalimage()
    breaches the documented contract for the "equalimage" btree support
    function.  This can cause incorrect results from index-only scans.
    Users should REINDEX any indexes having interval-type columns and for
    which "pg_amcheck --heapallindexed" reports an error.  This fix makes
    interval_ops simply omit the support function, like numeric_ops does.
    Back-pack to v13, where btequalimage() first appeared.  In back
    branches, for the benefit of old catalog content, btequalimage() code
    will return false for type "interval".  Going forward, back-branch
    initdb will include the catalog change.
    
    Reviewed by FIXME.
    
    Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/FIXME

diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
index 5b95012..4c70da4 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
@@ -172,8 +172,6 @@
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/interval_ops', amproclefttype => 'interval',
   amprocrighttype => 'interval', amprocnum => '3',
   amproc => 'in_range(interval,interval,interval,bool,bool)' },
-{ amprocfamily => 'btree/interval_ops', amproclefttype => 'interval',
-  amprocrighttype => 'interval', amprocnum => '4', amproc => 'btequalimage' },
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/macaddr_ops', amproclefttype => 'macaddr',
   amprocrighttype => 'macaddr', amprocnum => '1', amproc => 'macaddr_cmp' },
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/macaddr_ops', amproclefttype => 'macaddr',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
index a1bdf2c..7a6f36a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
@@ -2208,6 +2208,7 @@ ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
                     | array_ops        | array_ops        | anyarray
                     | float_ops        | float4_ops       | real
                     | float_ops        | float8_ops       | double precision
+                    | interval_ops     | interval_ops     | interval
                     | jsonb_ops        | jsonb_ops        | jsonb
                     | multirange_ops   | multirange_ops   | anymultirange
                     | numeric_ops      | numeric_ops      | numeric
@@ -2216,7 +2217,7 @@ ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
                     | record_ops       | record_ops       | record
                     | tsquery_ops      | tsquery_ops      | tsquery
                     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector
-(15 rows)
+(16 rows)
 
 -- **************** pg_index ****************
 -- Look for illegal values in pg_index fields.
Author:     Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Commit:     Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>

    Dissociate btequalimage() from interval_ops, ending its deduplication.
    
    Under interval_ops, some equal values are distinguishable.  One such
    pair is '24:00:00' and '1 day'.  With that being so, btequalimage()
    breaches the documented contract for the "equalimage" btree support
    function.  This can cause incorrect results from index-only scans.
    Users should REINDEX any indexes having interval-type columns and for
    which "pg_amcheck --heapallindexed" reports an error.  This fix makes
    interval_ops simply omit the support function, like numeric_ops does.
    Back-pack to v13, where btequalimage() first appeared.  In back
    branches, for the benefit of old catalog content, btequalimage() code
    will return false for type "interval".  Going forward, back-branch
    initdb will include the catalog change.
    
    Reviewed by FIXME.
    
    Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/FIXME

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/datum.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/datum.c
index 9f06ee7..251dd23 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/datum.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/datum.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/detoast.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
@@ -385,20 +386,17 @@ datum_image_hash(Datum value, bool typByVal, int typLen)
  * datum_image_eq() in all cases can use this as their "equalimage" support
  * function.
  *
- * Currently, we unconditionally assume that any B-Tree operator class that
- * registers btequalimage as its support function 4 must be able to safely use
- * optimizations like deduplication (i.e. we return true unconditionally).  If
- * it ever proved necessary to rescind support for an operator class, we could
- * do that in a targeted fashion by doing something with the opcintype
- * argument.
+ * Earlier minor releases erroneously associated this function with
+ * interval_ops.  Detect that case to rescind deduplication support, without
+ * requiring initdb.
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 Datum
 btequalimage(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	/* Oid		opcintype = PG_GETARG_OID(0); */
+	Oid			opcintype = PG_GETARG_OID(0);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(opcintype != INTERVALOID);
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
index 5b95012..4c70da4 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
@@ -172,8 +172,6 @@
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/interval_ops', amproclefttype => 'interval',
   amprocrighttype => 'interval', amprocnum => '3',
   amproc => 'in_range(interval,interval,interval,bool,bool)' },
-{ amprocfamily => 'btree/interval_ops', amproclefttype => 'interval',
-  amprocrighttype => 'interval', amprocnum => '4', amproc => 'btequalimage' },
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/macaddr_ops', amproclefttype => 'macaddr',
   amprocrighttype => 'macaddr', amprocnum => '1', amproc => 'macaddr_cmp' },
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/macaddr_ops', amproclefttype => 'macaddr',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
index a1bdf2c..7a6f36a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
@@ -2208,6 +2208,7 @@ ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
                     | array_ops        | array_ops        | anyarray
                     | float_ops        | float4_ops       | real
                     | float_ops        | float8_ops       | double precision
+                    | interval_ops     | interval_ops     | interval
                     | jsonb_ops        | jsonb_ops        | jsonb
                     | multirange_ops   | multirange_ops   | anymultirange
                     | numeric_ops      | numeric_ops      | numeric
@@ -2216,7 +2217,7 @@ ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
                     | record_ops       | record_ops       | record
                     | tsquery_ops      | tsquery_ops      | tsquery
                     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector
-(15 rows)
+(16 rows)
 
 -- **************** pg_index ****************
 -- Look for illegal values in pg_index fields.

Attachments:

  [text/plain] interval-rescind-dedup-v1.patch (2.8K, ../20231011013317.22.nmisch@google.com/2-interval-rescind-dedup-v1.patch)
  download | inline diff:
Author:     Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Commit:     Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>

    Dissociate btequalimage() from interval_ops, ending its deduplication.
    
    Under interval_ops, some equal values are distinguishable.  One such
    pair is '24:00:00' and '1 day'.  With that being so, btequalimage()
    breaches the documented contract for the "equalimage" btree support
    function.  This can cause incorrect results from index-only scans.
    Users should REINDEX any indexes having interval-type columns and for
    which "pg_amcheck --heapallindexed" reports an error.  This fix makes
    interval_ops simply omit the support function, like numeric_ops does.
    Back-pack to v13, where btequalimage() first appeared.  In back
    branches, for the benefit of old catalog content, btequalimage() code
    will return false for type "interval".  Going forward, back-branch
    initdb will include the catalog change.
    
    Reviewed by FIXME.
    
    Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/FIXME

diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
index 5b95012..4c70da4 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
@@ -172,8 +172,6 @@
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/interval_ops', amproclefttype => 'interval',
   amprocrighttype => 'interval', amprocnum => '3',
   amproc => 'in_range(interval,interval,interval,bool,bool)' },
-{ amprocfamily => 'btree/interval_ops', amproclefttype => 'interval',
-  amprocrighttype => 'interval', amprocnum => '4', amproc => 'btequalimage' },
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/macaddr_ops', amproclefttype => 'macaddr',
   amprocrighttype => 'macaddr', amprocnum => '1', amproc => 'macaddr_cmp' },
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/macaddr_ops', amproclefttype => 'macaddr',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
index a1bdf2c..7a6f36a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
@@ -2208,6 +2208,7 @@ ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
                     | array_ops        | array_ops        | anyarray
                     | float_ops        | float4_ops       | real
                     | float_ops        | float8_ops       | double precision
+                    | interval_ops     | interval_ops     | interval
                     | jsonb_ops        | jsonb_ops        | jsonb
                     | multirange_ops   | multirange_ops   | anymultirange
                     | numeric_ops      | numeric_ops      | numeric
@@ -2216,7 +2217,7 @@ ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
                     | record_ops       | record_ops       | record
                     | tsquery_ops      | tsquery_ops      | tsquery
                     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector
-(15 rows)
+(16 rows)
 
 -- **************** pg_index ****************
 -- Look for illegal values in pg_index fields.

  [text/plain] interval-rescind-dedup-v1_16.patch (4.3K, ../20231011013317.22.nmisch@google.com/3-interval-rescind-dedup-v1_16.patch)
  download | inline diff:
Author:     Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Commit:     Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>

    Dissociate btequalimage() from interval_ops, ending its deduplication.
    
    Under interval_ops, some equal values are distinguishable.  One such
    pair is '24:00:00' and '1 day'.  With that being so, btequalimage()
    breaches the documented contract for the "equalimage" btree support
    function.  This can cause incorrect results from index-only scans.
    Users should REINDEX any indexes having interval-type columns and for
    which "pg_amcheck --heapallindexed" reports an error.  This fix makes
    interval_ops simply omit the support function, like numeric_ops does.
    Back-pack to v13, where btequalimage() first appeared.  In back
    branches, for the benefit of old catalog content, btequalimage() code
    will return false for type "interval".  Going forward, back-branch
    initdb will include the catalog change.
    
    Reviewed by FIXME.
    
    Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/FIXME

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/datum.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/datum.c
index 9f06ee7..251dd23 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/datum.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/datum.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include "postgres.h"
 
 #include "access/detoast.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"
 #include "common/hashfn.h"
 #include "fmgr.h"
 #include "utils/builtins.h"
@@ -385,20 +386,17 @@ datum_image_hash(Datum value, bool typByVal, int typLen)
  * datum_image_eq() in all cases can use this as their "equalimage" support
  * function.
  *
- * Currently, we unconditionally assume that any B-Tree operator class that
- * registers btequalimage as its support function 4 must be able to safely use
- * optimizations like deduplication (i.e. we return true unconditionally).  If
- * it ever proved necessary to rescind support for an operator class, we could
- * do that in a targeted fashion by doing something with the opcintype
- * argument.
+ * Earlier minor releases erroneously associated this function with
+ * interval_ops.  Detect that case to rescind deduplication support, without
+ * requiring initdb.
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 Datum
 btequalimage(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	/* Oid		opcintype = PG_GETARG_OID(0); */
+	Oid			opcintype = PG_GETARG_OID(0);
 
-	PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
+	PG_RETURN_BOOL(opcintype != INTERVALOID);
 }
 
 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
index 5b95012..4c70da4 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_amproc.dat
@@ -172,8 +172,6 @@
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/interval_ops', amproclefttype => 'interval',
   amprocrighttype => 'interval', amprocnum => '3',
   amproc => 'in_range(interval,interval,interval,bool,bool)' },
-{ amprocfamily => 'btree/interval_ops', amproclefttype => 'interval',
-  amprocrighttype => 'interval', amprocnum => '4', amproc => 'btequalimage' },
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/macaddr_ops', amproclefttype => 'macaddr',
   amprocrighttype => 'macaddr', amprocnum => '1', amproc => 'macaddr_cmp' },
 { amprocfamily => 'btree/macaddr_ops', amproclefttype => 'macaddr',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
index a1bdf2c..7a6f36a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/opr_sanity.out
@@ -2208,6 +2208,7 @@ ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
                     | array_ops        | array_ops        | anyarray
                     | float_ops        | float4_ops       | real
                     | float_ops        | float8_ops       | double precision
+                    | interval_ops     | interval_ops     | interval
                     | jsonb_ops        | jsonb_ops        | jsonb
                     | multirange_ops   | multirange_ops   | anymultirange
                     | numeric_ops      | numeric_ops      | numeric
@@ -2216,7 +2217,7 @@ ORDER BY 1, 2, 3;
                     | record_ops       | record_ops       | record
                     | tsquery_ops      | tsquery_ops      | tsquery
                     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector_ops     | tsvector
-(15 rows)
+(16 rows)
 
 -- **************** pg_index ****************
 -- Look for illegal values in pg_index fields.

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Message-ID: <20231011013317.22.nmisch@google.com>
Permalink:  ../20231011013317.22.nmisch@google.com/
Also on:    postgresql.org/message-id/20231011013317.22.nmisch@google.com

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  To: pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org
  Cc: noah@leadboat.com
  Subject: Re: interval_ops shall stop using btequalimage (deduplication)
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