Received: from malur.postgresql.org ([217.196.149.56]) by arkaria.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.94.2) (envelope-from ) id 1rjNy6-005Dmd-29 for pgsql-admin@arkaria.postgresql.org; Sun, 10 Mar 2024 18:32:18 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=malur.postgresql.org) by malur.postgresql.org with esmtp (Exim 4.94.2) (envelope-from ) id 1rjNy4-005kJJ-7x for pgsql-admin@arkaria.postgresql.org; Sun, 10 Mar 2024 18:32:16 +0000 Received: from makus.postgresql.org ([2001:4800:3e1:1::229]) by malur.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.94.2) (envelope-from ) id 1rjNy3-005kJB-PS for pgsql-admin@lists.postgresql.org; Sun, 10 Mar 2024 18:32:16 +0000 Received: from jakobs.com ([85.214.83.89] helo=rs.plausibolo.de) by makus.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.94.2) (envelope-from ) id 1rjNxz-003p6d-Nt for pgsql-admin@lists.postgresql.org; Sun, 10 Mar 2024 18:32:14 +0000 Received: from localhost (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by rs.plausibolo.de (Postfix) with ESMTP id 4A8A2380A44; Sun, 10 Mar 2024 19:32:10 +0100 (CET) Received: from rs.plausibolo.de ([IPv6:::1]) by localhost (h2367442.stratoserver.net [IPv6:::1]) (amavisd-new, port 10024) with ESMTP id sUzh1B2QqTaq; Sun, 10 Mar 2024 19:32:09 +0100 (CET) Received: from [192.168.178.86] (xdsl-78-35-58-153.nc.de [78.35.58.153]) by rs.plausibolo.de (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id AE43838065A; Sun, 10 Mar 2024 19:32:09 +0100 (CET) Message-ID: Date: Sun, 10 Mar 2024 19:32:08 +0100 MIME-Version: 1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Thunderbird/102.12.0 Subject: Re: Index Content-Language: de-DE To: pgsql-admin@lists.postgresql.org References: From: Holger Jakobs In-Reply-To: Content-Type: multipart/signed; micalg=pgp-sha256; protocol="application/pgp-signature"; boundary="------------dkh6PvBAicpIIkGdLnpDoRxc" List-Id: List-Help: List-Subscribe: List-Post: List-Owner: List-Archive: Archived-At: Precedence: bulk This is an OpenPGP/MIME signed message (RFC 4880 and 3156) --------------dkh6PvBAicpIIkGdLnpDoRxc Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------t4fhKI62xQAGIYgNpv7k0OxU"; protected-headers="v1" From: Holger Jakobs To: pgsql-admin@lists.postgresql.org Message-ID: Subject: Re: Index References: In-Reply-To: --------------t4fhKI62xQAGIYgNpv7k0OxU Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------MsRQ2NKVO1tK2OmxxjXmcOXY" --------------MsRQ2NKVO1tK2OmxxjXmcOXY Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8; format=flowed Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 QW0gMTAuMDMuMjQgdW0gMTk6MjEgc2NocmllYiBSYWplc2ggS3VtYXI6DQo+IElmIHdlIGFy ZSBkZWxldGluZyByb3dzIG9mdGVuLi4uLi5JIGFtIHRhbGtpbmcgQUJUIHRoZSBwb3NzaWJp bGl0eSBvZiANCj4gaW5kZXggYmxvYXQuDQo+DQo+IE9uIFN1biwgMTAgTWFyIDIwMjQsIDIz OjQwIFJvbiBKb2huc29uLCA8cm9ubGpvaG5zb25qckBnbWFpbC5jb20+IHdyb3RlOg0KPg0K PiAgICAgV2hhdCBkb2VzICJpZiBpbmRleCBpcyBub3QgbWFuYWdlZCIgbWVhbj8NCj4NCj4g ICAgIE9uIFN1biwgTWFyIDEwLCAyMDI0IGF0IDk6MTHigK9BTSBSYWplc2ggS3VtYXINCj4g ICAgIDxyYWplc2hrdW1hci5kYmEwOUBnbWFpbC5jb20+IHdyb3RlOg0KPg0KPiAgICAgICAg IFdoYXQgd2lsbCBoYXBwZW4gaWYgaW5kZXggaXMgbm90IG1hbmFnZWQgaW4gdGhpcyBjYXNl Pw0KPg0KPiAgICAgICAgIE9uIFN1biwgMTAgTWFyIDIwMjQsIDE3OjIwIEhvbGdlciBKYWtv YnMsIDxob2xnZXJAamFrb2JzLmNvbT4NCj4gICAgICAgICB3cm90ZToNCj4NCj4gICAgICAg ICAgICAgQW0gMTAuMDMuMjQgdW0gMTI6MTkgc2NocmllYiBSYWplc2ggS3VtYXI6DQo+ICAg ICAgICAgICAgID4gSGkgLA0KPiAgICAgICAgICAgICA+DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgID4gSSBo YXZlIGEgdGFibGUgd2hlcmUgc2l6ZSBpcyBpbmNyZWFzaW5nIGRhaWx5LiBJbiB0aGF0DQo+ ICAgICAgICAgICAgIHRhYmxlIG9ubHkNCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgPiBpbnNlcnRzIGFuZCBk ZWxldGVzIGhhcHBlbnMuIFRoaXMgdGFibGUgaXMgcmVmZXJlbmNpbmcNCj4gICAgICAgICAg ICAgMTUgb3RoZXINCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgPiB0YWJsZXMuIFdlIGhhdmUgZ2l2ZW4gZGVs ZXRlIGNhc2NhZGUsIHNvIGlmIGEgcm93IGlzDQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgIGRlbGV0ZWQgaW4g cGFyZW50DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgID4gdGFibGUswqAgdGhlIG1hdGNoaW5nIHJlY29yZHMg d2lsbCBhbHNvIGJlIGRlbGV0ZWQgaW4NCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgdGhvc2UgY2hpbGQgdGFi bGVzLg0KPiAgICAgICAgICAgICA+DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgID4gSXQgaXMgdGFraW5nIGxv dCBvZiB0aW1lIHRvIGRlbGV0ZS4gU28sIEkgYW0gcGxhbm5pbmcgdG8NCj4gICAgICAgICAg ICAgY3JlYXRlIGluZGV4DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgID4gb24gdGhvc2UgY2hpbGQgdGFibGVz Lg0KPiAgICAgICAgICAgICA+DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgID4gTXkgcXVlc3Rpb24gaXMsIGFw YXJ0IGZyb20gaW5zZXJ0cywgSSBhbSBvbmx5IGdvaW5nIHRvDQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgIGRl bGV0ZSByZWNvcmRzDQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgID4gZnJvbSB0aG9zZSB0YWJsZXMuIEhvdyBp bmRleCBpbXByb3ZlcyBwZXJmb3JtYW5jZSBmb3INCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgZGVsZXRpbmcN Cj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgPiByZWNvcmRzPyBIb3cgaW5kZXggaXMgYWZmZWN0ZWQgb3IgaG93 IHRvIGRvIGluZGV4DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgIG1hbmFnZW1lbnQgaW4gdGhpcyBjYXNlPw0K Pg0KPiAgICAgICAgICAgICBIaSwNCj4NCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgU2luY2UgZXZlcnkgc2lu Z2xlIHJvdyB3aGljaCBpcyBnb2luZyB0byBiZSBkZWxldGVkIGluIHRoZQ0KPiAgICAgICAg ICAgICBjaGlsZCB0YWJsZXMNCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgaGFzIHRvIGJlIGZvdW5kLCBhbiBp bmRleCBjYW4gYmUgb2YgZ3JlYXQgaGVscCBoZXJlLg0KPg0KPiAgICAgICAgICAgICBBY3R1 YWxseSwgaW4gbW9zdCAobm90IGFsbCEpIGNhc2VzIGFuIGluZGV4IG9uIGZvcmVpZ24ga2V5 DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgIGNvbHVtbnMgbWFrZXMNCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgc2Vuc2UuDQo+ DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgIFJlZ2FyZHMsDQo+DQo+ICAgICAgICAgICAgIEhvbGdlcg0KPg0K PiAgICAgICAgICAgICAtLSANCj4gICAgICAgICAgICAgSG9sZ2VyIEpha29icywgQmVyZ2lz Y2ggR2xhZGJhY2gsIFRlbC4gKzQ5LTE3OC05NzU5MDEyDQo+DQpBcmUgeW91ciBkZWxldGlu ZyBhcmJpdHJhcnkgcm93cyAtIG9yIGFyZSB0aGUgZGF0YSB0aW1lc2VyaWVzLCB3aGVyZSB5 b3UgDQpkZWxldGUgYWxsIGRhdGEgb2Ygd2Vla3Mgb3IgbW9udGhzPw0KDQpJZiBzbywgdGlt ZS1wYXJ0aXRpb24geW91ciB0YWJsZXMgYW5kIGRyb3AgcGFydGl0aW9ucyB3aGVuIG5lY2Vz c2FyeS4NCg0KSWYgbm90LCB0dW5lIGF1dG92YWN1dW0gb3IgdmFjdXVtIGZ1bGwgeW91ciB0 YWJsZXMgYW5kIGluZGV4ZXMgZXZlcnkgbm93IA0KYW5kIHRoZW4uIE9yIHJlLWluZGV4IGNv bmN1cnJlbnRseSBzb21ldGltZXMuDQoNCi0tIA0KDQpIb2xnZXIgSmFrb2JzLCBCZXJnaXNj aCBHbGFkYmFjaCwgVGVsLiArNDktMTc4LTk3NTkwMTINCg0KY2hhdCB3aXRoIG1lIG9uIFNp Z25hbCBtZXNzZW5nZXIgDQo8aHR0cHM6Ly9zaWduYWwubWUvI2V1L0dwSVAyNTliQm5lX0pp QllKRnZiWkNMWUpFTGhCLTkybkpmbmNBQ0wxTFVlQk9waGZYRkZnTFlZVlh2X0FHaGc+DQoN Cg== --------------MsRQ2NKVO1tK2OmxxjXmcOXY Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="------------8q1pdZrsLvPoiQl16XqDbrau" --------------8q1pdZrsLvPoiQl16XqDbrau Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Am 10.03.24 um 19:21 schrieb Rajesh Kumar:
If we are deleting rows often.....I am talking AB= T the possibility of index bloat.=C2=A0

Are your deleting arbitrary rows - or are the data timeseries, where you delete all data of weeks or months?

If so, time-partition your tables and drop partitions when necessary.

If not, tune autovacuum or vacuum full your tables and indexes every now and then. Or re-index concurrently sometimes.

--------------8q1pdZrsLvPoiQl16XqDbrau Content-Type: image/png; name="yN6KW349IqGU3o59.png" Content-Disposition: inline; filename="yN6KW349IqGU3o59.png" Content-Id: Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAIcAAACHAQMAAAAGKdhJAAAABlBMVEUAAAD///+l2Z/dAAAA AnRSTlP//8i138cAAAAJcEhZcwAACxIAAAsSAdLdfvwAAAG5SURBVEiJ3da7bcMwEAbgM1iw kxYQwDXYcSVpAT0WkFdixzUIcAGqY0Hw8suJHSCNzkCKIIKg4isI3tMm/vnQP5FMtIQ4lbr4 SmSEcnCdHa/W7FQXFosfcEjvK76jfkNmp+6Bm35XqNOxs+8II8ahsxEXeEVxKcjPFIbP95Wx S8FzFN5dJP1dnUvJmm5sVocviiIV5pStyna4FcRrhJItTQUpqrMeehaLVk3TaIlcHZ1Umq2o wsQ0OvrMqkQOhEn1Fs5I+yCVRnEJidHSIZKVChdeiXer2nkTFko7a2cOTluJX1EIJGtzLwqz s7q6BKngnNtjEJp+RiGQrNN61kLt1qDZhMIlzrb2xdwx5l/5uZaMWmOHWLOFODupsI/kUnao hWpWKkdJ94L+xM2xTFgojQY0f3Np47gUIxT2iYvKp6RdS+Xw1PthdI9ZIKk0m45AHSHM550F chSaPGqhDsYgSAVPxuwU9BjqboRy7jpO6OfshtFKBXt1tKh+ajiHxXImxzCrHeuuvCEzqc2r VfP22JBCwa7DT+GIIj7PuRY+V1ZHmAU0AAvlzA9qwQYLeXpl9Up+61/B35IPLEvZkYbCln8A AAAASUVORK5CYII= --------------8q1pdZrsLvPoiQl16XqDbrau-- --------------MsRQ2NKVO1tK2OmxxjXmcOXY-- --------------t4fhKI62xQAGIYgNpv7k0OxU-- --------------dkh6PvBAicpIIkGdLnpDoRxc Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="OpenPGP_signature.asc" Content-Description: OpenPGP digital signature Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="OpenPGP_signature" -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- wmMEABEIACMWIQScuJCxWJK1p5BOebGKV5yTsxlhugUCZe38qAUDAAAAAAAKCRCKV5yTsxlhuvzT AJ4tZy9nETfFMDfuNb8ZbSqepwhBFACgmgwRigEwYgTE4VK/B60gZ0cvGm0= =+2JH -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- --------------dkh6PvBAicpIIkGdLnpDoRxc--