Received: from malur.postgresql.org ([217.196.149.56]) by arkaria.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1vzZjT-00186r-1X for pgsql-committers@arkaria.postgresql.org; Mon, 09 Mar 2026 12:29:11 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=malur.postgresql.org) by malur.postgresql.org with esmtp (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1vzZjR-00FzPJ-2I for pgsql-committers@arkaria.postgresql.org; Mon, 09 Mar 2026 12:29:10 +0000 Received: from makus.postgresql.org ([2001:4800:3e1:1::229]) by malur.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1vzZjR-00FzPB-1Z for pgsql-committers@lists.postgresql.org; Mon, 09 Mar 2026 12:29:09 +0000 Received: from mahout.postgresql.org ([2001:4800:3e1:1::227]) by makus.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.98.2) (envelope-from ) id 1vzZjQ-00000001HWs-14Kd for pgsql-committers@lists.postgresql.org; Mon, 09 Mar 2026 12:29:09 +0000 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; q=dns/txt; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=postgresql.org; s=20171124; h=Date:Message-Id:Subject:To:From:MIME-Version: Content-Type:Sender:Reply-To:Cc:Content-Transfer-Encoding:Content-ID: Content-Description:In-Reply-To:References; bh=7y7WeH2ymCzE7bMVnKKCixsxAFpnSt++jYCGEaZIzOU=; b=6hgsnXGBjETjzvcSHIdvBrd8+s 9icuYhRbOBP6/QiS8ZOMtyv9XCE/av23oMHfTAHABFv5vTDzi9lAJ7nU+axVY+jAEuOW8RM9YIkZK IRkketq2Qi7mbL7b18rB75Cy1YTm/PlIVDaLFIQsy3yQQ8Yz6mpuA4hxW5BsCIMFVtw49jhcWytW9 FaSedxZQUqywGWntTjIvjP0Q6dyhDv5L21VQmFhDb8yQdECPe2wpdjCwhTnI6wjVynFyJxJEk9BNK tbcQ594S9ZG59plPwQZeguODYIBuwkW265NFqjTBo7wjKFWbOH0SwpkhYD885pY4jdmXPwI9Dc+7P wb8jlpOw==; Received: from gemulon.postgresql.org ([2001:4800:3e1:1::198]) by mahout.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1vzZjP-002vdY-2d for pgsql-committers@lists.postgresql.org; Mon, 09 Mar 2026 12:29:08 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=gemulon.postgresql.org) by gemulon.postgresql.org with esmtp (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1vzZjQ-0039O6-04 for pgsql-committers@lists.postgresql.org; Mon, 09 Mar 2026 12:29:08 +0000 Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="===============5927937782976976430==" MIME-Version: 1.0 From: Robert Haas To: pgsql-committers@lists.postgresql.org Subject: pgsql: Consider startup cost as a figure of merit for partial paths. X-Auto-Response-Suppress: All Auto-Submitted: auto-generated Message-Id: Date: Mon, 09 Mar 2026 12:29:08 +0000 List-Id: List-Help: List-Subscribe: List-Post: List-Owner: List-Archive: Archived-At: Precedence: bulk --===============5927937782976976430== Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Q29uc2lkZXIgc3RhcnR1cCBjb3N0IGFzIGEgZmlndXJlIG9mIG1lcml0IGZvciBwYXJ0aWFsIHBh dGhzLgoKUHJldmlvdXNseSwgdGhlIGNvbW1lbnRzIHN0YXRlZCB0aGF0IHRoZXJlIHdhcyBubyBw dXJwb3NlIHRvIGNvbnNpZGVyaW5nCnN0YXJ0dXAgY29zdCBmb3IgcGFydGlhbCBwYXRocywgYnV0 IHRoaXMgaXMgbm90IHRoZSBjYXNlOiBpdCdzIHBlcmZlY3RseQpyZWFzb25hYmxlIHRvIHdhbnQg YSBmYXN0LXN0YXJ0IHBhdGggZm9yIGEgcGxhbiB0aGF0IGludm9sdmVzIGEgTElNSVQKKHBlcmhh cHMgb3ZlciBhbiBhZ2dyZWdhdGUsIHNvIHRoYXQgdGhlcmUgaXMgZW5vdWdoIGRhdGEgYmVpbmcg cHJvY2Vzc2VkCnRvIGp1c3RpZnkgcGFyYWxsZWwgcXVlcnkgYnV0IHlldCB3ZSBkb24ndCB3YW50 IGFsbCB0aGUgcmVzdWx0IHJvd3MpLgoKQWNjb3JkaW5nbHksIHJld3JpdGUgYWRkX3BhcnRpYWxf cGF0aCBhbmQgYWRkX3BhcnRpYWxfcGF0aF9wcmVjaGVjayB0bwpjb25zaWRlciBzdGFydHVwIGNv c3RzLiBUaGlzIGFsc28gZml4ZXMgYW4gaW5kZXBlbmRlbnQgYnVnIGluCmFkZF9wYXJ0aWFsX3Bh dGhfcHJlY2hlY2s6IGNvbW1pdCBlMjIyNTM0Njc5NDJmZGIxMDAwODc3ODdjM2UxZTNhODYyMGM1 NGIyCmZhaWxlZCB0byB1cGRhdGUgaXQgdG8gZG8gYW55dGhpbmcgd2l0aCB0aGUgbmV3IGRpc2Fi bGVkX25vZGVzIGZpZWxkLgpUaGF0IGJ1ZyBmaXggaXMgZm9ybWFsbHkgc2VwYXJhdGUgZnJvbSB0 aGUgcmVzdCBvZiB0aGlzIHBhdGNoIGFuZCBjb3VsZApiZSBjb21taXR0ZWQgc2VwYXJhdGVseSwg YnV0IEkgdGhpbmsgaXQgbWFrZXMgbW9yZSBzZW5zZSB0byBmaXggYm90aAppc3N1ZXMgdG9nZXRo ZXIsIGJlY2F1c2UgdGhlbiB3ZSBjYW4gKGFzIHRoaXMgY29tbWl0IGRvZXMpIGp1c3QgbWFrZQph ZGRfcGFydGlhbF9wYXRoX3ByZWNoZWNrIGRvIHRoZSBjb3N0IGNvbXBhcmlzb25zIGluIHRoZSBz YW1lIHdheSBhcwpjb21wYXJlX3BhdGhfY29zdHNfZnV6emlseSwgd2hpY2ggaG9wZWZ1bGx5IHJl ZHVjZXMgdGhlIGNoYW5jZXMgb2YKZW5kaW5nIHVwIHdpdGggc29tZXRoaW5nIHRoYXQncyBzdGls bCBpbmNvcnJlY3QuCgpUaGlzIHBhdGNoIGlzIGJhc2VkIG9uIGVhcmxpZXIgd29yayBvbiB0aGlz IHRvcGljIGJ5IFRvbWFzIFZvbmRyYSwKYnV0IEkgaGF2ZSByZXdyaXR0ZW4gYSBncmVhdCBkZWFs IG9mIGl0LgoKQ28tYXV0aG9yZWQtYnk6IFJvYmVydCBIYWFzIDxyaGFhc0Bwb3N0Z3Jlc3FsLm9y Zz4KQ28tYXV0aG9yZWQtYnk6IFRvbWFzIFZvbmRyYSA8dG9tYXNAdm9uZHJhLm1lPgpEaXNjdXNz aW9uOiBodHRwOi8vcG9zdGdyLmVzL20vQ0ErVGdtb2JSdWZiVVNrc0JveHl0R0pTMVArbVFZNHJX Y3RDay1kMGlBVU82LWs5V3JnQG1haWwuZ21haWwuY29tCgpCcmFuY2gKLS0tLS0tCm1hc3RlcgoK RGV0YWlscwotLS0tLS0tCmh0dHBzOi8vZ2l0LnBvc3RncmVzcWwub3JnL3BnL2NvbW1pdGRpZmYv ODMwMGQzYWQ0YWE3M2RjNmJlZWM4ZGNhN2Q5MzYyZGJjMjFjOWE4MwoKTW9kaWZpZWQgRmlsZXMK LS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0Kc3JjL2JhY2tlbmQvb3B0aW1pemVyL3BhdGgvam9pbnBhdGguYyAgICAg ICAgICB8ICAgMyArCnNyYy9iYWNrZW5kL29wdGltaXplci91dGlsL3BhdGhub2RlLmMgICAgICAg ICAgfCAxNjUgKysrKysrKysrKysrKysrLS0tLS0tLS0tLQpzcmMvaW5jbHVkZS9vcHRpbWl6ZXIv cGF0aG5vZGUuaCAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgICAyICstCnNyYy90ZXN0L3JlZ3Jlc3MvZXhwZWN0 ZWQvaW5jcmVtZW50YWxfc29ydC5vdXQgfCAgMjggKysrLS0Kc3JjL3Rlc3QvcmVncmVzcy9leHBl Y3RlZC9qb2luX2hhc2gub3V0ICAgICAgICB8ICAxMyArLQpzcmMvdGVzdC9yZWdyZXNzL3NxbC9q b2luX2hhc2guc3FsICAgICAgICAgICAgIHwgIDEwICstCjYgZmlsZXMgY2hhbmdlZCwgMTMzIGlu c2VydGlvbnMoKyksIDg4IGRlbGV0aW9ucygtKQoK --===============5927937782976976430==--