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From: pramod gupta <mail2sony2010@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2026 22:12:36 +0530
Message-ID: <CAMxxg=YHe5vXM4hO9GWbSa-C8+HwFNYV+ABpcg336OwsZVvHkg@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: How did VACUUM ANALYZE reclaim large TOAST bloat at disk level in
 PostgreSQL 16?
To: pgsql-general@postgresql.org
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Hello Everyone,

I am encountering the following error while using the *pg_ai_query*
extension.


*test=3D# SELECT generate_query('show recent orders', null, 'gemini');ERROR=
:
 Query generation failed: No API key available for gemini provider. Please
provide API key as parameter or configure it in
~/.pg_ai.config.test=3D#test=3D# SELECT generate_query('show recent orders'=
,
null, 'google_ai_studio');ERROR:  Query generation failed: API key
required. Pass as parameter or set OpenAI, Anthropic, or Gemini API key in
~/.pg_ai.config.test=3D#*

 have verified all required permissions and confirmed that the
configuration is correctly placed; however, I continue to receive the above
error when using the *pg_ai.config* file.

If I execute the query by explicitly passing the API key, it works as
expected:

*select generate_query('I want to count the rows in orders
tables','MYAPIKEY','gemini');*


This works perfectly. I would appreciate guidance on how to configure this
so that the API key does not need to be passed explicitly in the query.
Please let me know if there is any alternative configuration or recommended
approach to achieve this.
Thanks in advance.
Pramod Gupta
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
------------------------------------------------------------

On Mon, Dec 29, 2025 at 9:23=E2=80=AFPM pramod gupta <mail2sony2010@gmail.c=
om>
wrote:

> Hello Everyone,
>
> We have a table with a total size of ~628 GB, out of which ~601 GB was
> TOAST data.
> After running VACUUM ANALYZE on a weekly basis, the table size reduced
> significantly to ~109 GB, indicating a large amount of bloat removal.
>
> I would like to understand:
>
> How was VACUUM ANALYZE able to reclaim such a large amount of space,
> especially for TOAST data?
>
> Under what conditions does PostgreSQL reclaim disk space without requirin=
g
> VACUUM FULL or CLUSTER?
>
> Is this behavior expected in PostgreSQL 16, particularly for heavily
> updated or deleted TOASTed columns?
>
> Any insights or documentation references would be greatly appreciated.
>
> PostgreSQL version: 16
>
> Thanks in advance.
> Pramod Gupta
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><p>Hello Everyone,</p>
<p>I am encountering the following error while using the <strong>pg_ai_quer=
y</strong> extension.</p><p><i>test=3D# SELECT generate_query(&#39;show rec=
ent orders&#39;, null, &#39;gemini&#39;);<br>ERROR: =C2=A0Query generation =
failed: No API key available for gemini provider. Please provide API key as=
 parameter or configure it in ~/.pg_ai.config.<br>test=3D#<br>test=3D# SELE=
CT generate_query(&#39;show recent orders&#39;, null, &#39;google_ai_studio=
&#39;);<br>ERROR: =C2=A0Query generation failed: API key required. Pass as =
parameter or set OpenAI, Anthropic, or Gemini API key in ~/.pg_ai.config.<b=
r>test=3D#</i></p><p>=C2=A0have verified all required permissions and confi=
rmed that the configuration is correctly placed; however, I continue to rec=
eive the above error when using the <strong>pg_ai.config</strong> file.</p>=
<p>
</p><p>If I execute the query by explicitly passing the API key, it works a=
s expected:</p><p><i>select generate_query(&#39;I want to count the rows in=
 orders tables&#39;,&#39;MYAPIKEY&#39;,&#39;gemini&#39;);</i></p><p><br>Thi=
s works perfectly. I would appreciate guidance on how to configure this so =
that the API key does not need to be passed explicitly in the query. Please=
 let me know if there is any alternative configuration or recommended appro=
ach to achieve this.</p></div><div dir=3D"ltr">Thanks in advance.<br>Pramod=
 Gupta</div><div dir=3D"ltr">----------------------------------------------=
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
--------------</div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><d=
iv dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Mon, Dec 29, 2025 at 9:23=E2=80=AFPM=
 pramod gupta &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:mail2sony2010@gmail.com">mail2sony2010@=
gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding=
-left:1ex"><div dir=3D"ltr">Hello Everyone,<br><br>We have a table with a t=
otal size of ~628 GB, out of which ~601 GB was TOAST data.<br>After running=
 VACUUM ANALYZE on a weekly basis, the table size reduced significantly to =
~109 GB, indicating a large amount of bloat removal.<br><br>I would like to=
 understand:<br><br>How was VACUUM ANALYZE able to reclaim such a large amo=
unt of space, especially for TOAST data?<br><br>Under what conditions does =
PostgreSQL reclaim disk space without requiring VACUUM FULL or CLUSTER?<br>=
<br>Is this behavior expected in PostgreSQL 16, particularly for heavily up=
dated or deleted TOASTed columns?<br><br>Any insights or documentation refe=
rences would be greatly appreciated.<br><br>PostgreSQL version: 16<br><br>T=
hanks in advance.<br>Pramod Gupta</div>
</blockquote></div></div>

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