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From: Laurenz Albe <[email protected]>
To: Marcelo Fernandes <[email protected]>
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: Default Value Retention After Dropping Default
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2025 12:50:35 +0100
Message-ID: <[email protected]> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <CAM2F1VNZNeruO2N+_-Fq3JJ7bto35kOzomoN5A2dmstAWLi5tQ@mail.gmail.com>
References: <CAM2F1VNZNeruO2N+_-Fq3JJ7bto35kOzomoN5A2dmstAWLi5tQ@mail.gmail.com>

On Mon, 2025-02-24 at 20:56 +1300, Marcelo Fernandes wrote:
> I am experiencing an interesting behavior in PostgreSQL and would like to seek
> some clarification.
> 
> In the following snippet, I first add a column with a default value, then drop
> that default. However, when I query the table, the column still retains the
> dropped default for existing rows:
> 
>   SET client_min_messages=debug1;
> 
>   DROP TABLE IF EXISTS foo CASCADE;
>   CREATE TABLE foo (id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY);
> 
>   INSERT INTO foo (id) SELECT generate_series(1, 10000);
> 
>   ALTER TABLE foo ADD COLUMN bar varchar(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'default';
>   ALTER TABLE foo ALTER COLUMN bar DROP DEFAULT;
> 
>   SELECT * from foo order by id desc limit 5;
>   --   id   |   bar
>   -- -------+---------
>   --  10000 | default
>   --   9999 | default
>   --   9998 | default
>   --   9997 | default
>   --   9996 | default
> 
> In this example, even after dropping the default value from the bar column, the
> rows that were previously inserted (prior to dropping the default) still show
> 'default' as their value in the bar column.
> 
> It does not see that the table has been rewritten or rescanned, otherwise the
> debug1 messages would be triggered.
> 
> Can anyone explain how PostgreSQL "knows about" the default value that has just
> been dropped and what is happened under the scenes? I am keen on a deep
> understanding on how Postgres achieves this.

The "missing value" is stored in pg_attribute.admissingval:

SELECT attmissingval
FROM pg_attribute
WHERE attrelid = 'foo'::regclass
  AND attname = 'bar';

 attmissingval 
═══════════════
 {default}
(1 row)

That value is used for all rows that don't yet physically have the column.

Yours,
Laurenz Albe

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