Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2023 16:24:26 -0700
From: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com>
To: Kirk Wolak <wolakk@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Eisentraut <peter.eisentraut@enterprisedb.com>,
	Eric Radman <ericshane@eradman.com>, pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] Add function to_oct
Message-ID: <20230725232426.GA2992317@nathanxps13>
References: <Y6IyTQQ/TsD5wnsH@vm3.eradman.com>
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On Tue, Apr 04, 2023 at 08:45:36PM -0400, Kirk Wolak wrote:
> Marked Ready for Committer.

I started taking a look at this and ended up adding to_binary() and a
bigint version of to_oct() for completeness.  While I was at it, I moved
the base-conversion logic out to a separate static function that
to_binary/oct/hex all use.

From the other discussion referenced upthread, it sounds like we might want
to replace to_binary/oct/hex with a more generic base-conversion function.
Maybe we should try to do that instead.

-- 
Nathan Bossart
Amazon Web Services: https://aws.amazon.com

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From a8cac3f3de2394a6128515b6efc2ef3d0a92bce5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nathan@postgresql.org>
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 2023 16:09:01 -0700
Subject: [PATCH v3 1/1] add to_binary() and to_oct()

---
 doc/src/sgml/func.sgml                | 42 +++++++++++++
 src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c       | 86 +++++++++++++++++++--------
 src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat       | 12 ++++
 src/test/regress/expected/strings.out | 26 +++++++-
 src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql      |  9 ++-
 5 files changed, 148 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
index b94827674c..79334ea145 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/func.sgml
@@ -3737,6 +3737,48 @@ repeat('Pg', 4) <returnvalue>PgPgPgPg</returnvalue>
        </para></entry>
       </row>
 
+      <row>
+       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
+        <indexterm>
+         <primary>to_binary</primary>
+        </indexterm>
+        <function>to_binary</function> ( <type>integer</type> )
+        <returnvalue>text</returnvalue>
+       </para>
+       <para role="func_signature">
+        <function>to_binary</function> ( <type>bigint</type> )
+        <returnvalue>text</returnvalue>
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        Converts the number to its equivalent binary representation.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        <literal>to_binary(2147483647)</literal>
+        <returnvalue>1111111111111111111111111111111</returnvalue>
+       </para></entry>
+      </row>
+
+      <row>
+       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
+        <indexterm>
+         <primary>to_oct</primary>
+        </indexterm>
+        <function>to_oct</function> ( <type>integer</type> )
+        <returnvalue>text</returnvalue>
+       </para>
+       <para role="func_signature">
+        <function>to_oct</function> ( <type>bigint</type> )
+        <returnvalue>text</returnvalue>
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        Converts the number to its equivalent octal representation.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        <literal>to_oct(2147483647)</literal>
+        <returnvalue>17777777777</returnvalue>
+       </para></entry>
+      </row>
+
       <row>
        <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
         <indexterm>
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
index b1ec5c32ce..b14f995fad 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/varlena.c
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ static void text_format_string_conversion(StringInfo buf, char conversion,
 										  int flags, int width);
 static void text_format_append_string(StringInfo buf, const char *str,
 									  int flags, int width);
+static char *convert_to_base(uint64 value, int base);
 
 
 /*****************************************************************************
@@ -4919,53 +4920,90 @@ array_to_text_internal(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, ArrayType *v,
 	return result;
 }
 
-#define HEXBASE 16
 /*
- * Convert an int32 to a string containing a base 16 (hex) representation of
- * the number.
+ * Convert an integer to a string containing a base-2 (binary) representation
+ * of the number.
  */
 Datum
-to_hex32(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+to_binary32(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-	uint32		value = (uint32) PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
-	char	   *ptr;
-	const char *digits = "0123456789abcdef";
-	char		buf[32];		/* bigger than needed, but reasonable */
+	uint64		value = (uint64) PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	char	   *result = convert_to_base(value, 2);
 
-	ptr = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
-	*ptr = '\0';
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(result));
+}
+Datum
+to_binary64(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	uint64		value = (uint64) PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
+	char	   *result = convert_to_base(value, 2);
 
-	do
-	{
-		*--ptr = digits[value % HEXBASE];
-		value /= HEXBASE;
-	} while (ptr > buf && value);
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(result));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert an integer to a string containing a base-8 (oct) representation of
+ * the number.
+ */
+Datum
+to_oct32(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	uint64		value = (uint64) PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	char	   *result = convert_to_base(value, 8);
+
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(result));
+}
+Datum
+to_oct64(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	uint64		value = (uint64) PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
+	char	   *result = convert_to_base(value, 8);
 
-	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(ptr));
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(result));
 }
 
 /*
- * Convert an int64 to a string containing a base 16 (hex) representation of
+ * Convert an integer to a string containing a base-16 (hex) representation of
  * the number.
  */
 Datum
+to_hex32(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	uint64		value = (uint64) PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
+	char	   *result = convert_to_base(value, 16);
+
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(result));
+}
+Datum
 to_hex64(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
 	uint64		value = (uint64) PG_GETARG_INT64(0);
-	char	   *ptr;
+	char	   *result = convert_to_base(value, 16);
+
+	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(result));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Workhorse for to_binary, to_oct, and to_hex.  Note that base must be either
+ * 2, 8, or 16.
+ */
+static char *
+convert_to_base(uint64 value, int base)
+{
 	const char *digits = "0123456789abcdef";
-	char		buf[32];		/* bigger than needed, but reasonable */
+	char	   *buf = palloc(sizeof(uint64) * BITS_PER_BYTE);
+	char	   *ptr = buf + (sizeof(uint64) * BITS_PER_BYTE - 1);
 
-	ptr = buf + sizeof(buf) - 1;
-	*ptr = '\0';
+	Assert(base == 2 || base == 8 || base == 16);
 
+	*ptr = '\0';
 	do
 	{
-		*--ptr = digits[value % HEXBASE];
-		value /= HEXBASE;
+		*--ptr = digits[value % base];
+		value /= base;
 	} while (ptr > buf && value);
 
-	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(cstring_to_text(ptr));
+	return ptr;
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 6996073989..eca2b420e0 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -3707,6 +3707,18 @@
 { oid => '2768', descr => 'split string by pattern',
   proname => 'regexp_split_to_array', prorettype => '_text',
   proargtypes => 'text text text', prosrc => 'regexp_split_to_array' },
+{ oid => '5101', descr => 'convert int4 number to binary',
+  proname => 'to_binary', prorettype => 'text', proargtypes => 'int4',
+  prosrc => 'to_binary32' },
+{ oid => '5102', descr => 'convert int8 number to binary',
+  proname => 'to_binary', prorettype => 'text', proargtypes => 'int8',
+  prosrc => 'to_binary64' },
+{ oid => '5103', descr => 'convert int4 number to oct',
+  proname => 'to_oct', prorettype => 'text', proargtypes => 'int4',
+  prosrc => 'to_oct32' },
+{ oid => '5104', descr => 'convert int8 number to oct',
+  proname => 'to_oct', prorettype => 'text', proargtypes => 'int8',
+  prosrc => 'to_oct64' },
 { oid => '2089', descr => 'convert int4 number to hex',
   proname => 'to_hex', prorettype => 'text', proargtypes => 'int4',
   prosrc => 'to_hex32' },
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out b/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
index 62698569e1..28c81ea6e4 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out
@@ -2129,8 +2129,32 @@ select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',-2) AS "mydatabase";
 (1 row)
 
 --
--- test to_hex
+-- test to_binary, to_oct, and to_hex
 --
+select to_binary(256*256*256 - 1) AS "111111111111111111111111";
+ 111111111111111111111111 
+--------------------------
+ 111111111111111111111111
+(1 row)
+
+select to_binary(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "11111111111111111111111111111111";
+ 11111111111111111111111111111111 
+----------------------------------
+ 11111111111111111111111111111111
+(1 row)
+
+select to_oct(256*256*256 - 1) AS "77777777";
+ 77777777 
+----------
+ 77777777
+(1 row)
+
+select to_oct(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "37777777777";
+ 37777777777 
+-------------
+ 37777777777
+(1 row)
+
 select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
  ffffff 
 --------
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql
index ca32f6bba5..f7e35bfb41 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/strings.sql
@@ -685,10 +685,15 @@ select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-3) AS "empty string";
 select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',-2) AS "mydatabase";
 
 --
--- test to_hex
+-- test to_binary, to_oct, and to_hex
 --
-select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
+select to_binary(256*256*256 - 1) AS "111111111111111111111111";
+select to_binary(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "11111111111111111111111111111111";
+
+select to_oct(256*256*256 - 1) AS "77777777";
+select to_oct(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "37777777777";
 
+select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
 select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";
 
 --
-- 
2.25.1


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