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Message-ID: <222a3442-7f7d-246c-ed9b-a76209d19239@enterprisedb.com>
Date: Tue, 23 May 2023 18:23:00 +0200
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To: PostgreSQL Hackers <pgsql-hackers@lists.postgresql.org>
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From: Tomas Vondra <tomas.vondra@enterprisedb.com>
Subject: memory leak in trigger handling (since PG12)
Archived-At: <https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/222a3442-7f7d-246c-ed9b-a76209d19239%40enterprisedb.com>
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Hi,

it seems there's a fairly annoying memory leak in trigger code,
introduced by

  commit fc22b6623b6b3bab3cb057ccd282c2bfad1a0b30
  Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
  Date:   Sat Mar 30 08:13:09 2019 +0100

    Generated columns
    ...

which added GetAllUpdatedColumns() and uses it many places instead of
the original GetUpdatedColumns():

   #define GetUpdatedColumns(relinfo, estate) \
	   (exec_rt_fetch((relinfo)->ri_RangeTableIndex,
                          estate)->updatedCols)

   #define GetAllUpdatedColumns(relinfo, estate) \
	(bms_union(exec_rt_fetch((relinfo)->ri_RangeTableIndex,
                                 estate)->updatedCols, \
                   exec_rt_fetch((relinfo)->ri_RangeTableIndex,
                                 estate)->extraUpdatedCols))

Notice this creates a new bitmap on every calls. That's a bit of a
problem, because we call this from:

  - ExecASUpdateTriggers
  - ExecARUpdateTriggers
  - ExecBSUpdateTriggers
  - ExecBRUpdateTriggers
  - ExecUpdateLockMode

This means that for an UPDATE with triggers, we may end up calling this
for each row, possibly multiple bitmaps. And those bitmaps are allocated
in ExecutorState, so won't be freed until the end of the query :-(

The bitmaps are typically fairly small (a couple bytes), but for wider
tables it can be a couple dozen bytes. But it's primarily driven by
number of updated rows.

It's easy to leak gigabytes when updating ~10M rows. I've seen cases
with a couple tens of GBs leaked, though, but in that case it seems to
be caused by UPDATE ... FROM missing a join condition (so in fact the
memory leak is proportional to number of rows in the join result, not
the number we end up updating).

Attached is a patch, restoring the pre-12 behavior for me.


While looking for other places allocating stuff in ExecutorState (for
the UPDATE case) and leaving it there, I found two more cases:

1) copy_plpgsql_datums

2) make_expanded_record_from_tupdesc
   make_expanded_record_from_exprecord

All of this is calls from plpgsql_exec_trigger.

Fixing the copy_plpgsql_datums case seems fairly simple, the space
allocated for local copies can be freed during the cleanup. That's what
0002 does.

I'm not sure what to do about the expanded records. My understanding of
the expanded record lifecycle is fairly limited, so my (rather naive)
attempt to free the memory failed ...


I wonder how much we should care about these cases. On the one hand we
often leave the cleanup up to the memory context, but the assumption is
the context is not unnecessarily long-lived. And ExecutorState is not
that. And leaking memory per-row does not seem great either.


regards

-- 
Tomas Vondra
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
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