Hi Tatsuo,

== 1. DEFINE evaluation use-after-free (to Tatsuo) ==

>> nocfbot-0039 (the DEFINE memory-leak fix) added a ResetExprContext() in
>> update_reduced_frame, but it resets the wrong context.
>>
>> ps_ExprContext is the per-output-tuple context that ExecWindowAgg resets
>> once per output row.  update_reduced_frame now resets it once per NFA row,
>> while the output row is still being formed -- so a pass-by-ref window
>> function result already datum-copied into that per-tuple memory (when
>> numfuncs > 1) is freed before ExecProject reads it.
>>
>> Neither v47 nor the patch is the answer on its own: v47 had no reset here,
>> so no use-after-free, but the DEFINE scratch accumulated over the whole
>> forward scan (the leak nocfbot-0039 fixed); nocfbot-0039 added the per-row
>> reset but on the shared per-output-tuple context.  We do want a per-row
>> reset -- just not on that context.
>>
>> So I think this needs a dedicated ExprContext for DEFINE evaluation, reset
>> once per NFA row: it keeps the memory bounded without touching the
>> per-output-tuple results.
>>
>> Question: does a dedicated DEFINE ExprContext look right to you?
>
> Can we use winstate->tmpcontext instead?

I don't think we can.  tmpcontext is idle where update_reduced_frame
would reset it, but not *during* DEFINE evaluation: a DEFINE with NEXT()
re-enters the spooler from inside its ExecEvalExpr (ExecEvalRPRNavSet
-> window_gettupleslot -> spool_tuples), and spool_tuples resets
winstate->tmpcontext (via ExecQualAndReset on partEqfunction) for every
input row it pulls under a PARTITION BY.  ExecEvalRPRNavRestore parks a
pass-by-ref nav result in that per-tuple memory to survive until the
next reset.  To give one example,

  -- the cast forces a pass-by-ref result; a by-value bigint is safe
  DEFINE b AS PREV(price::numeric) < NEXT(price::numeric)

frees PREV's result when NEXT spools the next row, before numeric_lt()
reads it -- the same use-after-free as nocfbot-0039, just on a different
context.  It is the normal forward-scan path (the NFA runs ahead of the
spool), and after a tuplestore spill even NEXT-free DEFINEs hit it.

More generally, tmpcontext fits its existing users because each one sets
its slots, evaluates, and resets within a shallow, straight-line region;
it is best kept to that limited, low-depth usage.  DEFINE evaluation
re-enters the spooler mid-expression, so it cannot honor that contract.

So I think the dedicated DEFINE ExprContext is the right call: a
once-per-NFA-row reset is a third cadence, distinct from tmpcontext
(per-input-tuple) and ps_ExprContext (per-output-tuple) -- the same
one-context-per-cadence pattern nodeWindowAgg and nodeAgg already use.

Thanks,
Henson