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From: David Rowley <[email protected]>
To: Andres Freund <[email protected]>
Cc: Chao Li <[email protected]>
Cc: PostgreSQL Developers <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: More speedups for tuple deformation
Date: Wed, 28 Jan 2026 02:34:26 +1300
Message-ID: <CAApHDvo1i-ycAcWnK3L7ZASTuM8mW46kvRqMaUHD46HSuJmx7A@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <rvlc7pb6zn4kydqovcqh72lf2qfcgs3qkj2seq7tcpvxyqwtqt@nrvv6lpehwwa>
References: <CAApHDvpoFjaj3+w_jD5uPnGazaw41A71tVJokLDJg2zfcigpMQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAApHDvrF6DG7=xD8JGo2HoQKN0LRFNF0ysVt6cKSNPiqbdQOSA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAApHDvoh3Q413szd-zsUTCpQPWNdpUYvx-fvsB8DP8zOja+ckg@mail.gmail.com>
	<[email protected]>
	<CAApHDvqhbJU_-yF3Hbf4VhX33qXtpeYv3MsvMPDMcDwGGLr9ZQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<rbskhk7scqbxqnaw4o6nh6na2ffcclg3cxn4d4cn5jfr2z7vv3@kadtz65meesb>
	<CAApHDvpDxDFatUskuOfuM7A3VESrx8U7MtYnU_HiB0QLAg94zg@mail.gmail.com>
	<pmik622adey6fnddivkt4uvkulvnc6rasmq3tcbrzeglx4hsn7@f3x6e2eph3w5>
	<rvlc7pb6zn4kydqovcqh72lf2qfcgs3qkj2seq7tcpvxyqwtqt@nrvv6lpehwwa>

On Sat, 24 Jan 2026 at 05:33, Andres Freund <[email protected]> wrote:
> I wonder if it's worth writing a C helper to test deformation in a bit more
> targeted way.

Good idea. I've written a test module called "deform_bench". You can
do: "select deform_bench('tablename'::regclass, '{10,20}');" which
will deform up to attnum=10, then in a 2nd pass deform up to
attnum=20. This is in the 0003 patch. (Requires "ninja
install-test-files"). 0003 is intended for testing, not commit.

There are also 2 scripts attached, one which sets up all the tables
for the benchmark, and one to run it. This saves creating the same
tables again when trying other branches or compilers.

I've also included a slightly revised patch. I made a small change to
the first_null_attr() to get rid of the masking of higher attnums and
also now making use of __builtin_ctz to find the first NULL attnum in
the byte. For compilers that don't support that, I've included a
pg_rightmost_*zero*_pos table. I didn't want to use the pg_bitutils
table for the rightmost *one* pos as it meant having to special-case
what happens when using index 255, as that would return 0, and I want
8. I'll make the MSVC version use _BitScanForward() in the next patch.
Using __builtin_ctz() seems to help reduce the small regression I was
seeing with the 0 extra column test. It's still there, but it is very
small. It's more pronounced because of the deform_bench module due to
the reduction of the other execution overheads.

Technically, the first_null_attr() function *could* contain slightly
fewer checks. It should be guaranteed that we'll find a byte not set
to 255, as there wouldn't be a bitmask there if there were no 0s. So
technically, the first for loop could be a while (byte[bytenum] ==
0xFF) bytenum++;.  I just felt that might be too dangerous to do that
as the code would walk off the end of the bitmask if the tuple was
corrupted in the right way.

With the reduced overhead using deform_bench, the Apple M2 results are
looking quite good. Test 5 with 20 extra columns is 128% faster than
master and averages ~25% faster than master over all tests. My results
are in the attached spreadsheet.

David

#!/bin/bash

dbname=postgres
secs=10
rows=1000000
extra_cols_start=0
extra_cols_end=40
extra_cols_increment=10
psql -c "alter system set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;" $dbname
psql -c "alter system set jit = 0;" $dbname
psql -c "select pg_reload_conf();" $dbname
psql -c "create extension if not exists pg_prewarm;" $dbname
psql -c "create extension if not exists deform_bench;" $dbname
psql -c "create table if not exists deform_results (machine text not null, cc text not null, branch text not null, test_id int not null, extra_columns int not null, run_id int not null, milliseconds float4 not NULL);" $dbname

test_id=1

for extracol in ", b int not null default 0" ", b int default null"
do
	for firstcol in "c int not null default 0" "c text not null default '0'" "c int null" "c text null"
	do
		for c in $(seq $extra_cols_start $extra_cols_increment $extra_cols_end)
		do
			tablename="t_${test_id}_${c}"
			psql -c "drop table if exists $tablename" $dbname
			sql="create table $tablename ($firstcol"
			for i in $(seq 0 $c)
			do
				sql="$sql,c$i int not null default 0"
			done
			sql="$sql,a int not null$extracol);"
			psql -c "$sql" $dbname

			psql -c "insert into $tablename (a) select a from generate_series(1,$rows) a;" $dbname
			psql -c "vacuum freeze analyze $tablename;" $dbname
		done
		let "test_id=test_id+1"
	done
done

psql -c "checkpoint;" $dbname

#!/bin/bash

dbname=postgres

# Must match what was used in the test setup script
extra_cols_start=0
extra_cols_end=40
extra_cols_increment=10

# How many times to run each test.  10 - 100 is probably good
number_of_runs=10

me=$(basename "$0")
if [ $# -lt 3 ]
  then
    echo "Syntax: ./$me <machine name> <name of compiler you used> <branch name> "
	exit 1
fi

machine=$1
compiler=$2
branch=$3

psql -c "truncate table deform_results;" $dbname
echo "Results will be stored in the deform_results table"
echo -n "Running tests..."
for test_id in {1..8}
do
	for c in $(seq $extra_cols_start $extra_cols_increment $extra_cols_end)
	do
		let "deform_attnum=c+3"
		tablename="t_${test_id}_${c}"
		echo -ne "\rRunning test $test_id of 8 with $c extra columns..."
		psql -c "select pg_prewarm('$tablename'); insert into deform_results (machine, cc, branch, test_id, extra_columns, run_id, milliseconds) select '${machine}','${compiler}','${branch}',${test_id},${c},run_id,deform_bench('$tablename'::regclass, '{$deform_attnum}') from generate_series(1,$number_of_runs) run_id;" $dbname > /dev/null
	done
done
echo ""
echo ""
echo "The results are:"
psql --csv -c "select branch,test_id,extra_columns,round(avg(milliseconds)::numeric,2) avg_ms,stddev(milliseconds) AS stddev from deform_results where machine = '$machine' and cc='$compiler' and branch='$branch' group by 1,2,3 order by 3,1,2;" $dbname
From cd036ce2c09982dac5be8bdb7283e8772d7468d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Rowley <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 2026 15:41:37 +1300
Subject: [PATCH v6 1/3] Add empty TupleDescFinalize() function

Currently does nothing, but will in a future commit.
---
 contrib/dblink/dblink.c                             |  4 ++++
 contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c       |  2 ++
 contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c               |  2 ++
 src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c                |  1 +
 src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c                 | 13 +++++++++++++
 src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c                    |  1 +
 src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c                  |  1 +
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c                |  1 +
 src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c               |  1 +
 src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c              |  1 +
 src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c                |  3 +++
 src/backend/catalog/index.c                         |  2 ++
 src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c                |  1 +
 src/backend/catalog/toasting.c                      |  6 ++++++
 src/backend/commands/explain.c                      |  1 +
 src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c                 |  1 +
 src/backend/commands/sequence.c                     |  1 +
 src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c                    |  4 ++++
 src/backend/commands/wait.c                         |  1 +
 src/backend/executor/execSRF.c                      |  2 ++
 src/backend/executor/execTuples.c                   |  4 ++++
 src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c             |  2 ++
 src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c                 |  4 +++-
 src/backend/parser/parse_target.c                   |  2 ++
 .../replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c |  1 +
 src/backend/replication/walsender.c                 |  5 +++++
 src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c                         |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c                     |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c                   |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c              |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c                 |  5 +++++
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c                 |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c                  |  8 ++++++++
 src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c                    |  6 ++++++
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c                  |  5 +++++
 src/include/access/tupdesc.h                        |  1 +
 src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c                        |  2 ++
 .../test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c     |  1 +
 src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c      |  1 +
 39 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/contrib/dblink/dblink.c b/contrib/dblink/dblink.c
index 8cb3166495c..1ce4502fec2 100644
--- a/contrib/dblink/dblink.c
+++ b/contrib/dblink/dblink.c
@@ -881,6 +881,7 @@ materializeResult(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, PGconn *conn, PGresult *res)
 		tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "status",
 						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		ntuples = 1;
 		nfields = 1;
 	}
@@ -1044,6 +1045,7 @@ materializeQueryResult(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo,
 			tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 			TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "status",
 							   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+			TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 			attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(tupdesc);
 
 			oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rsinfo->econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory);
@@ -1529,6 +1531,8 @@ dblink_get_pkey(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "colname",
 						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 		/*
 		 * Generate attribute metadata needed later to produce tuples from raw
 		 * C strings
diff --git a/contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c b/contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c
index 89b86855243..a6b4fb5252b 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ pg_buffercache_pages(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 			TupleDescInitEntry(tupledesc, (AttrNumber) 9, "pinning_backends",
 							   INT4OID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupledesc);
 		fctx->tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupledesc);
 
 		/* Allocate NBuffers worth of BufferCachePagesRec records. */
@@ -442,6 +443,7 @@ pg_buffercache_os_pages_internal(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, bool include_numa)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupledesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "numa_node",
 						   INT4OID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupledesc);
 		fctx->tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupledesc);
 		fctx->include_numa = include_numa;
 
diff --git a/contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c b/contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c
index 9bc3a784bf7..dfab0b64cf5 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c
@@ -469,6 +469,8 @@ pg_visibility_tupdesc(bool include_blkno, bool include_pd)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, ++a, "pd_all_visible", BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 	Assert(a == maxattr);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 	return BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
index 706387e36d6..7f150df9ee7 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ brtuple_disk_tupdesc(BrinDesc *brdesc)
 
 		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		brdesc->bd_disktdesc = tupdesc;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c b/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
index 94b4f1f9975..e98de806a77 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
@@ -238,6 +238,9 @@ CreateTupleDesc(int natts, Form_pg_attribute *attrs)
 		memcpy(TupleDescAttr(desc, i), attrs[i], ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
 		populate_compact_attribute(desc, i);
 	}
+
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -282,6 +285,8 @@ CreateTupleDescCopy(TupleDesc tupdesc)
 	desc->tdtypeid = tupdesc->tdtypeid;
 	desc->tdtypmod = tupdesc->tdtypmod;
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -328,6 +333,8 @@ CreateTupleDescTruncatedCopy(TupleDesc tupdesc, int natts)
 	desc->tdtypeid = tupdesc->tdtypeid;
 	desc->tdtypmod = tupdesc->tdtypmod;
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -413,6 +420,8 @@ CreateTupleDescCopyConstr(TupleDesc tupdesc)
 	desc->tdtypeid = tupdesc->tdtypeid;
 	desc->tdtypmod = tupdesc->tdtypmod;
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -455,6 +464,8 @@ TupleDescCopy(TupleDesc dst, TupleDesc src)
 	 * source's refcount would be wrong in any case.)
 	 */
 	dst->tdrefcount = -1;
+
+	TupleDescFinalize(dst);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1082,6 +1093,8 @@ BuildDescFromLists(const List *names, const List *types, const List *typmods, co
 		TupleDescInitEntryCollation(desc, attnum, attcollation);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c b/src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c
index d205093e21d..a533d79e26e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ initGinState(GinState *state, Relation index)
 							   attr->attndims);
 			TupleDescInitEntryCollation(state->tupdesc[i], (AttrNumber) 2,
 										attr->attcollation);
+			TupleDescFinalize(state->tupdesc[i]);
 		}
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c b/src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c
index f23bc4a6757..c65f93abdae 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ gistrescan(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanKey key, int nkeys,
 											 attno - 1)->atttypid,
 							   -1, 0);
 		}
+		TupleDescFinalize(so->giststate->fetchTupdesc);
 		scan->xs_hitupdesc = so->giststate->fetchTupdesc;
 
 		/* Also create a memory context that will hold the returned tuples */
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
index 9f5379b87ac..b246e8127db 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ getSpGistTupleDesc(Relation index, SpGistTypeDesc *keyType)
 			TupleDescCompactAttr(outTupDesc, i)->attcacheoff = -1;
 
 		populate_compact_attribute(outTupDesc, spgKeyColumn);
+		TupleDescFinalize(outTupDesc);
 	}
 	return outTupDesc;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c b/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
index e50abb331cc..9f708f84334 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
@@ -744,6 +744,7 @@ pg_prepared_xact(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 5, "dbid",
 						   OIDOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 2efe4105efb..b6bc616c74c 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -400,6 +400,7 @@ pg_walfile_name_offset(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	TupleDescInitEntry(resultTupleDesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "file_offset",
 					   INT4OID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(resultTupleDesc);
 	resultTupleDesc = BlessTupleDesc(resultTupleDesc);
 
 	/*
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
index fecfad9ab7b..29dbd0cb32f 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
@@ -357,6 +357,8 @@ SendXlogRecPtrResult(XLogRecPtr ptr, TimeLineID tli)
 	 */
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "tli", INT8OID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 	/* send RowDescription */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
 
@@ -388,6 +390,7 @@ SendTablespaceList(List *tablespaces)
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "spcoid", OIDOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "spclocation", TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "size", INT8OID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* send RowDescription */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 43de42ce39e..75e97fb394a 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -481,6 +481,8 @@ ConstructTupleDescriptor(Relation heapRelation,
 		populate_compact_attribute(indexTupDesc, i);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(indexTupDesc);
+
 	return indexTupDesc;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c
index 9a4791c573e..fa353a0dd37 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c
@@ -1230,6 +1230,7 @@ pg_get_publication_tables(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "qual",
 						   PG_NODE_TREEOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->user_fctx = table_infos;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c b/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c
index c78dcea98c1..078a1cf5127 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c
@@ -229,6 +229,12 @@ create_toast_table(Relation rel, Oid toastOid, Oid toastIndexOid,
 	TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, 1)->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;
 	TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, 2)->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;
 
+	populate_compact_attribute(tupdesc, 0);
+	populate_compact_attribute(tupdesc, 1);
+	populate_compact_attribute(tupdesc, 2);
+
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 	/*
 	 * Toast tables for regular relations go in pg_toast; those for temp
 	 * relations go into the per-backend temp-toast-table namespace.
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/explain.c b/src/backend/commands/explain.c
index b7bb111688c..7abd9ed272f 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/explain.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/explain.c
@@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ ExplainResultDesc(ExplainStmt *stmt)
 	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "QUERY PLAN",
 					   result_type, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	return tupdesc;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c b/src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c
index a516b037dea..6a8f162b640 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c
@@ -2423,6 +2423,7 @@ CallStmtResultDesc(CallStmt *stmt)
 							   -1,
 							   0);
 		}
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	}
 
 	return tupdesc;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/sequence.c b/src/backend/commands/sequence.c
index e1b808bbb60..551667650ba 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/sequence.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/sequence.c
@@ -1808,6 +1808,7 @@ pg_get_sequence_data(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(resultTupleDesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "page_lsn",
 					   LSNOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(resultTupleDesc);
 	resultTupleDesc = BlessTupleDesc(resultTupleDesc);
 
 	seqrel = try_relation_open(relid, AccessShareLock);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index f976c0e5c7e..ae7c9db9fa9 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -1029,6 +1029,8 @@ DefineRelation(CreateStmt *stmt, char relkind, Oid ownerId,
 		}
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(descriptor);
+
 	/*
 	 * For relations with table AM and partitioned tables, select access
 	 * method to use: an explicitly indicated one, or (in the case of a
@@ -1448,6 +1450,8 @@ BuildDescForRelation(const List *columns)
 		populate_compact_attribute(desc, attnum - 1);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/wait.c b/src/backend/commands/wait.c
index 1290df10c6f..8e920a72372 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/wait.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/wait.c
@@ -338,5 +338,6 @@ WaitStmtResultDesc(WaitStmt *stmt)
 	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "status",
 					   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	return tupdesc;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execSRF.c b/src/backend/executor/execSRF.c
index a0b111dc0e4..b481e50acfb 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execSRF.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execSRF.c
@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@ ExecMakeTableFunctionResult(SetExprState *setexpr,
 									   funcrettype,
 									   -1,
 									   0);
+					TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 					rsinfo.setDesc = tupdesc;
 				}
 				MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
@@ -776,6 +777,7 @@ init_sexpr(Oid foid, Oid input_collation, Expr *node,
 							   funcrettype,
 							   -1,
 							   0);
+			TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 			sexpr->funcResultDesc = tupdesc;
 			sexpr->funcReturnsTuple = false;
 		}
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c b/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
index b768eae9e53..e6ab51e6404 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
@@ -2173,6 +2173,8 @@ ExecTypeFromTLInternal(List *targetList, bool skipjunk)
 		cur_resno++;
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(typeInfo);
+
 	return typeInfo;
 }
 
@@ -2207,6 +2209,8 @@ ExecTypeFromExprList(List *exprList)
 		cur_resno++;
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(typeInfo);
+
 	return typeInfo;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c
index 63e605e1f81..feb82d64967 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c
@@ -414,6 +414,7 @@ ExecInitFunctionScan(FunctionScan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 				TupleDescInitEntryCollation(tupdesc,
 											(AttrNumber) 1,
 											exprCollation(funcexpr));
+				TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -485,6 +486,7 @@ ExecInitFunctionScan(FunctionScan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 							   0);
 		}
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(scan_tupdesc);
 		Assert(attno == natts);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c
index 3ec8d8de011..0ad767d827b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c
@@ -1891,6 +1891,7 @@ addRangeTableEntryForFunction(ParseState *pstate,
 			TupleDescInitEntryCollation(tupdesc,
 										(AttrNumber) 1,
 										exprCollation(funcexpr));
+			TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		}
 		else if (functypclass == TYPEFUNC_RECORD)
 		{
@@ -1948,6 +1949,7 @@ addRangeTableEntryForFunction(ParseState *pstate,
 
 				i++;
 			}
+			TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 			/*
 			 * Ensure that the coldeflist defines a legal set of names (no
@@ -2016,7 +2018,7 @@ addRangeTableEntryForFunction(ParseState *pstate,
 							   0);
 			/* no need to set collation */
 		}
-
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		Assert(natts == totalatts);
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_target.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_target.c
index b5a2f915b67..5fd17f3d8d0 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_target.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_target.c
@@ -1570,6 +1570,8 @@ expandRecordVariable(ParseState *pstate, Var *var, int levelsup)
 		}
 		Assert(lname == NULL && lvar == NULL);	/* lists same length? */
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupleDesc);
+
 		return tupleDesc;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c b/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c
index 7c8639b32e9..9f04c9ed25d 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c
@@ -1073,6 +1073,7 @@ libpqrcv_processTuples(PGresult *pgres, WalRcvExecResult *walres,
 	for (coln = 0; coln < nRetTypes; coln++)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(walres->tupledesc, (AttrNumber) coln + 1,
 						   PQfname(pgres, coln), retTypes[coln], -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(walres->tupledesc);
 	attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(walres->tupledesc);
 
 	/* No point in doing more here if there were no tuples returned. */
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/walsender.c b/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
index a0e6a3d200c..9e2f4a664b4 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@ IdentifySystem(void)
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "dbname",
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
@@ -496,6 +497,7 @@ ReadReplicationSlot(ReadReplicationSlotCmd *cmd)
 	/* TimeLineID is unsigned, so int4 is not wide enough. */
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "restart_tli",
 							  INT8OID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	memset(nulls, true, READ_REPLICATION_SLOT_COLS * sizeof(bool));
 
@@ -598,6 +600,7 @@ SendTimeLineHistory(TimeLineHistoryCmd *cmd)
 	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(2);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "filename", TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "content", TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	TLHistoryFileName(histfname, cmd->timeline);
 	TLHistoryFilePath(path, cmd->timeline);
@@ -1015,6 +1018,7 @@ StartReplication(StartReplicationCmd *cmd)
 								  INT8OID, -1, 0);
 		TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "next_tli_startpos",
 								  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 		/* prepare for projection of tuple */
 		tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
@@ -1369,6 +1373,7 @@ CreateReplicationSlot(CreateReplicationSlotCmd *cmd)
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "output_plugin",
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c
index 3a6905f9546..9d37053c81e 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c
@@ -1818,6 +1818,7 @@ aclexplode(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "is_grantable",
 						   BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 		/* allocate memory for user context */
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c
index c083608b1d5..bfb949401d0 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c
@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ pg_stat_file(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   "creation", TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 6,
 					   "isdir", BOOLOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	memset(isnull, false, sizeof(isnull));
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
index 9dadd6da672..4481c354fd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ pg_lock_status(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 16, "waitstart",
 						   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c
index 3b6da8e36ac..fd8b8676470 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ ordered_set_startup(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, bool use_tuples)
 								   -1,
 								   0);
 
+				TupleDescFinalize(newdesc);
 				FreeTupleDesc(qstate->tupdesc);
 				qstate->tupdesc = newdesc;
 			}
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
index 73ca0bb0b7f..08ad27e57c2 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
@@ -769,6 +769,7 @@ pg_stat_get_backend_subxact(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "subxact_overflow",
 					   BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	if ((local_beentry = pgstat_get_local_beentry_by_proc_number(procNumber)) != NULL)
@@ -1658,6 +1659,7 @@ pg_stat_wal_build_tuple(PgStat_WalCounters wal_counters,
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 6, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	/* Fill values and NULLs */
@@ -2085,6 +2087,7 @@ pg_stat_get_archiver(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 7, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	/* Get statistics about the archiver process */
@@ -2166,6 +2169,7 @@ pg_stat_get_replication_slot(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 13, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	namestrcpy(&slotname, text_to_cstring(slotname_text));
@@ -2253,6 +2257,7 @@ pg_stat_get_subscription_stats(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   INT8OID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 13, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	if (!subentry)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
index 94e0fed8309..7ca19a97882 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
@@ -651,6 +651,7 @@ tsvector_unnest(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 						   TEXTARRAYOID, -1, 0);
 		if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
 			elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = tupdesc;
 
 		funcctx->user_fctx = PG_GETARG_TSVECTOR_COPY(0);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 6b634c9fff1..770edb34e08 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -729,6 +729,8 @@ RelationBuildTupleDesc(Relation relation)
 		pfree(constr);
 		relation->rd_att->constr = NULL;
 	}
+
+	TupleDescFinalize(relation->rd_att);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1985,6 +1987,7 @@ formrdesc(const char *relationName, Oid relationReltype,
 
 	/* initialize first attribute's attcacheoff, cf RelationBuildTupleDesc */
 	TupleDescCompactAttr(relation->rd_att, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
+	TupleDescFinalize(relation->rd_att);
 
 	/* mark not-null status */
 	if (has_not_null)
@@ -3688,6 +3691,8 @@ RelationBuildLocalRelation(const char *relname,
 	for (i = 0; i < natts; i++)
 		TupleDescAttr(rel->rd_att, i)->attrelid = relid;
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(rel->rd_att);
+
 	rel->rd_rel->reltablespace = reltablespace;
 
 	if (mapped_relation)
@@ -4443,6 +4448,7 @@ BuildHardcodedDescriptor(int natts, const FormData_pg_attribute *attrs)
 
 	/* initialize first attribute's attcacheoff, cf RelationBuildTupleDesc */
 	TupleDescCompactAttr(result, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
+	TupleDescFinalize(result);
 
 	/* Note: we don't bother to set up a TupleConstr entry */
 
@@ -6268,6 +6274,8 @@ load_relcache_init_file(bool shared)
 			populate_compact_attribute(rel->rd_att, i);
 		}
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(rel->rd_att);
+
 		/* next read the access method specific field */
 		if (fread(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
 			goto read_failed;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
index 8a934ea8dca..516d02cfb82 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
@@ -340,6 +340,8 @@ get_expr_result_type(Node *expr,
 										exprCollation(col));
 			i++;
 		}
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 		if (resultTypeId)
 			*resultTypeId = rexpr->row_typeid;
 		if (resultTupleDesc)
@@ -1044,6 +1046,7 @@ resolve_polymorphic_tupdesc(TupleDesc tupdesc, oidvector *declared_args,
 		}
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -1853,6 +1856,8 @@ build_function_result_tupdesc_d(char prokind,
 						   0);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -1970,6 +1975,7 @@ TypeGetTupleDesc(Oid typeoid, List *colaliases)
 						   typeoid,
 						   -1,
 						   0);
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	}
 	else if (functypclass == TYPEFUNC_RECORD)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c
index 4f3e40bf470..b82f807e05e 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c
@@ -444,6 +444,7 @@ GetPGVariableResultDesc(const char *name)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, varname,
 						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	}
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	return tupdesc;
 }
 
@@ -465,6 +466,7 @@ ShowGUCConfigOption(const char *name, DestReceiver *dest)
 	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, varname,
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
@@ -499,6 +501,7 @@ ShowAllGUCConfig(DestReceiver *dest)
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "description",
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
@@ -934,6 +937,8 @@ show_all_settings(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 17, "pending_restart",
 						   BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 		/*
 		 * Generate attribute metadata needed later to produce tuples from raw
 		 * C strings
diff --git a/src/include/access/tupdesc.h b/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
index d46cdbf7a3c..595413dbbc5 100644
--- a/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
+++ b/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ extern TupleDesc CreateTupleDescTruncatedCopy(TupleDesc tupdesc, int natts);
 
 extern TupleDesc CreateTupleDescCopyConstr(TupleDesc tupdesc);
 
+#define TupleDescFinalize(d) ((void) 0)
 #define TupleDescSize(src) \
 	(offsetof(struct TupleDescData, compact_attrs) + \
 	 (src)->natts * sizeof(CompactAttribute) + \
diff --git a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c
index 7d648c941c0..b2112c29fcf 100644
--- a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c
+++ b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c
@@ -1912,6 +1912,8 @@ build_row_from_vars(PLpgSQL_variable **vars, int numvars)
 		TupleDescInitEntryCollation(row->rowtupdesc, i + 1, typcoll);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(row->rowtupdesc);
+
 	return row;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c b/src/test/modules/test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c
index 908bd18a7c7..fa1719bf3b5 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ test_custom_stats_fixed_report(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   INT8OID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	values[0] = Int64GetDatum(stats->numcalls);
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c b/src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c
index 679a5de456d..48ca2a4ea70 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ test_predtest(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   "s_r_holds", BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 8,
 					   "w_r_holds", BOOLOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	values[0] = BoolGetDatum(strong_implied_by);
-- 
2.51.0


From 9d02280cc685739dc82306d1ada3509b476f6a8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Rowley <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 31 Dec 2024 09:19:24 +1300
Subject: [PATCH v6 2/3] Precalculate CompactAttribute's attcacheoff

This allows code to be removed from the tuple deform routines which
shrinks down the code a little, which can make it run more quickly.
This also makes a dedicated deformer loop to deform the portion of the
tuple which has a known offset, which makes deforming much faster when
a leading set of the table's columns are non-NULL values and fixed-width
types.
---
 src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c  | 334 +++++++++-------------
 src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c | 367 ++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c    |  37 +++
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c   |   3 -
 src/backend/executor/execTuples.c      | 280 ++++++++-----------
 src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c  |   6 -
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c     |  12 -
 src/include/access/htup_details.h      |  19 +-
 src/include/access/itup.h              |  20 +-
 src/include/access/tupdesc.h           |  10 +-
 src/include/access/tupmacs.h           |  82 ++++++
 src/include/executor/tuptable.h        |   9 +-
 12 files changed, 539 insertions(+), 640 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c b/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
index 11bec20e82e..42cce3dcdfe 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
@@ -497,20 +497,8 @@ heap_attisnull(HeapTuple tup, int attnum, TupleDesc tupleDesc)
 /* ----------------
  *		nocachegetattr
  *
- *		This only gets called from fastgetattr(), in cases where we
- *		can't use a cacheoffset and the value is not null.
- *
- *		This caches attribute offsets in the attribute descriptor.
- *
- *		An alternative way to speed things up would be to cache offsets
- *		with the tuple, but that seems more difficult unless you take
- *		the storage hit of actually putting those offsets into the
- *		tuple you send to disk.  Yuck.
- *
- *		This scheme will be slightly slower than that, but should
- *		perform well for queries which hit large #'s of tuples.  After
- *		you cache the offsets once, examining all the other tuples using
- *		the same attribute descriptor will go much quicker. -cim 5/4/91
+ *		This only gets called from fastgetattr(), in cases where the
+ *		attcacheoff is not set.
  *
  *		NOTE: if you need to change this code, see also heap_deform_tuple.
  *		Also see nocache_index_getattr, which is the same code for index
@@ -522,194 +510,104 @@ nocachegetattr(HeapTuple tup,
 			   int attnum,
 			   TupleDesc tupleDesc)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
 	HeapTupleHeader td = tup->t_data;
 	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to data part of tuple */
 	bits8	   *bp = td->t_bits;	/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
-	bool		slow = false;	/* do we have to walk attrs? */
 	int			off;			/* current offset within data */
+	int			startAttr;
+	int			firstnullattr;
+	bool		hasnulls = HeapTupleHasNulls(tup);
 
-	/* ----------------
-	 *	 Three cases:
-	 *
-	 *	 1: No nulls and no variable-width attributes.
-	 *	 2: Has a null or a var-width AFTER att.
-	 *	 3: Has nulls or var-widths BEFORE att.
-	 * ----------------
-	 */
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
 
+	/*
+	 * If there are no NULLs before the required attnum, then we can start at
+	 * the highest attribute with a known offset, or the first attribute if
+	 * none have a cached offset.  If the tuple has no variable width types,
+	 * then we can use a slightly cheaper method of offset calculation, as we
+	 * just need to add the attlen to the aligned offset when skipping over
+	 * columns.  When the tuple contains variable-width types, we must use
+	 * att_addlength_pointer(), which does a bit more branching and is
+	 * slightly less efficient.
+	 */
 	attnum--;
 
-	if (!HeapTupleNoNulls(tup))
-	{
-		/*
-		 * there's a null somewhere in the tuple
-		 *
-		 * check to see if any preceding bits are null...
-		 */
-		int			byte = attnum >> 3;
-		int			finalbit = attnum & 0x07;
-
-		/* check for nulls "before" final bit of last byte */
-		if ((~bp[byte]) & ((1 << finalbit) - 1))
-			slow = true;
-		else
-		{
-			/* check for nulls in any "earlier" bytes */
-			int			i;
+	if (hasnulls)
+		firstnullattr = first_null_attr(bp, attnum);
+	else
+		firstnullattr = attnum;
 
-			for (i = 0; i < byte; i++)
-			{
-				if (bp[i] != 0xFF)
-				{
-					slow = true;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
+	if (tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr > 0)
+	{
+		startAttr = Min(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr - 1, firstnullattr);
+		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, startAttr)->attcacheoff;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		startAttr = 0;
+		off = 0;
 	}
 
 	tp = (char *) td + td->t_hoff;
 
-	if (!slow)
+	if (hasnulls)
 	{
-		CompactAttribute *att;
+		for (int i = startAttr; i < attnum; i++)
+		{
+			CompactAttribute *att;
 
-		/*
-		 * If we get here, there are no nulls up to and including the target
-		 * attribute.  If we have a cached offset, we can use it.
-		 */
-		att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
-		if (att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			return fetchatt(att, tp + att->attcacheoff);
+			if (att_isnull(i, bp))
+				continue;
 
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise, check for non-fixed-length attrs up to and including
-		 * target.  If there aren't any, it's safe to cheaply initialize the
-		 * cached offsets for these attrs.
-		 */
-		if (HeapTupleHasVarWidth(tup))
-		{
-			int			j;
+			att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-			for (j = 0; j <= attnum; j++)
-			{
-				if (TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j)->attlen <= 0)
-				{
-					slow = true;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  att->attalignby,
+									  att->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, att->attlen, tp + off);
 		}
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+								  cattr->attalignby,
+								  cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 	}
-
-	if (!slow)
+	else if (!HeapTupleHasVarWidth(tup))
 	{
-		int			natts = tupleDesc->natts;
-		int			j = 1;
-
-		/*
-		 * If we get here, we have a tuple with no nulls or var-widths up to
-		 * and including the target attribute, so we can use the cached offset
-		 * ... only we don't have it yet, or we'd not have got here.  Since
-		 * it's cheap to compute offsets for fixed-width columns, we take the
-		 * opportunity to initialize the cached offsets for *all* the leading
-		 * fixed-width columns, in hope of avoiding future visits to this
-		 * routine.
-		 */
-		TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
-
-		/* we might have set some offsets in the slow path previously */
-		while (j < natts && TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j)->attcacheoff > 0)
-			j++;
-
-		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j - 1)->attcacheoff +
-			TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j - 1)->attlen;
-
-		for (; j < natts; j++)
+		for (int i = startAttr; i < attnum; i++)
 		{
-			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j);
-
-			if (att->attlen <= 0)
-				break;
+			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
 			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby);
-
-			att->attcacheoff = off;
-
 			off += att->attlen;
 		}
-
-		Assert(j > attnum);
-
-		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum)->attcacheoff;
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		off = att_nominal_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		bool		usecache = true;
-		int			i;
-
-		/*
-		 * Now we know that we have to walk the tuple CAREFULLY.  But we still
-		 * might be able to cache some offsets for next time.
-		 *
-		 * Note - This loop is a little tricky.  For each non-null attribute,
-		 * we have to first account for alignment padding before the attr,
-		 * then advance over the attr based on its length.  Nulls have no
-		 * storage and no alignment padding either.  We can use/set
-		 * attcacheoff until we reach either a null or a var-width attribute.
-		 */
-		off = 0;
-		for (i = 0;; i++)		/* loop exit is at "break" */
+		for (int i = startAttr; i < attnum; i++)
 		{
 			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-			if (HeapTupleHasNulls(tup) && att_isnull(i, bp))
-			{
-				usecache = false;
-				continue;		/* this cannot be the target att */
-			}
-
-			/* If we know the next offset, we can skip the rest */
-			if (usecache && att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-				off = att->attcacheoff;
-			else if (att->attlen == -1)
-			{
-				/*
-				 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-				 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be
-				 * no pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for
-				 * either an aligned or unaligned value.
-				 */
-				if (usecache &&
-					off == att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby))
-					att->attcacheoff = off;
-				else
-				{
-					off = att_pointer_alignby(off, att->attalignby, -1,
-											  tp + off);
-					usecache = false;
-				}
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-				off = att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby);
-
-				if (usecache)
-					att->attcacheoff = off;
-			}
-
-			if (i == attnum)
-				break;
-
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  att->attalignby,
+									  att->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
 			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, att->attlen, tp + off);
 
-			if (usecache && att->attlen <= 0)
-				usecache = false;
 		}
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+								  cattr->attalignby,
+								  cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 	}
 
-	return fetchatt(TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum), tp + off);
+	return fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 }
 
 /* ----------------
@@ -1347,6 +1245,7 @@ heap_deform_tuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupleDesc,
 				  Datum *values, bool *isnull)
 {
 	HeapTupleHeader tup = tuple->t_data;
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
 	bool		hasnulls = HeapTupleHasNulls(tuple);
 	int			tdesc_natts = tupleDesc->natts;
 	int			natts;			/* number of atts to extract */
@@ -1354,70 +1253,91 @@ heap_deform_tuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupleDesc,
 	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to tuple data */
 	uint32		off;			/* offset in tuple data */
 	bits8	   *bp = tup->t_bits;	/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
-	bool		slow = false;	/* can we use/set attcacheoff? */
+	int			cacheoffattrs;
+	int			firstnullattr;
 
 	natts = HeapTupleHeaderGetNatts(tup);
 
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
+
 	/*
 	 * In inheritance situations, it is possible that the given tuple actually
 	 * has more fields than the caller is expecting.  Don't run off the end of
 	 * the caller's arrays.
 	 */
 	natts = Min(natts, tdesc_natts);
+	cacheoffattrs = Min(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr, natts);
+
+	if (hasnulls)
+	{
+		firstnullattr = first_null_attr(bp, natts);
+		cacheoffattrs = Min(cacheoffattrs, firstnullattr);
+	}
+	else
+		firstnullattr = natts;
 
 	tp = (char *) tup + tup->t_hoff;
+	attnum = 0;
 
-	off = 0;
+	if (cacheoffattrs > 0)
+	{
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+		/* In Assert enabled builds, verify attcacheoff is correct */
+		off = 0;
+#endif
+		do
+		{
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby);
+			Assert(off == cattr->attcacheoff);
+			off += cattr->attlen;
+#endif
 
-	for (attnum = 0; attnum < natts; attnum++)
+			values[attnum] = fetch_att(tp + cattr->attcacheoff,
+									   cattr->attbyval,
+									   cattr->attlen);
+			isnull[attnum] = false;
+		} while (++attnum < cacheoffattrs);
+		off = cattr->attcacheoff + cattr->attlen;
+	}
+	else
+		off = 0;
+
+	for (; attnum < firstnullattr; attnum++)
 	{
-		CompactAttribute *thisatt = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
 
-		if (hasnulls && att_isnull(attnum, bp))
-		{
-			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
-			isnull[attnum] = true;
-			slow = true;		/* can't use attcacheoff anymore */
-			continue;
-		}
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby, cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 
 		isnull[attnum] = false;
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 
-		if (!slow && thisatt->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			off = thisatt->attcacheoff;
-		else if (thisatt->attlen == -1)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-			 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be no
-			 * pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for either
-			 * an aligned or unaligned value.
-			 */
-			if (!slow &&
-				off == att_nominal_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby))
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = off;
-			else
-			{
-				off = att_pointer_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby, -1,
-										  tp + off);
-				slow = true;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby);
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
+	}
+
+	for (; attnum < natts; attnum++)
+	{
+		Assert(hasnulls);
 
-			if (!slow)
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = off;
+		if (att_isnull(attnum, bp))
+		{
+			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
+			isnull[attnum] = true;
+			continue;
 		}
 
-		values[attnum] = fetchatt(thisatt, tp + off);
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby, cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 
-		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, thisatt->attlen, tp + off);
+		isnull[attnum] = false;
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 
-		if (thisatt->attlen <= 0)
-			slow = true;		/* can't use attcacheoff anymore */
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 	}
 
 	/*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c b/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c
index d7c8c53fd8d..084e0937a60 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c
@@ -223,18 +223,6 @@ index_form_tuple_context(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
  *
  *		This gets called from index_getattr() macro, and only in cases
  *		where we can't use cacheoffset and the value is not null.
- *
- *		This caches attribute offsets in the attribute descriptor.
- *
- *		An alternative way to speed things up would be to cache offsets
- *		with the tuple, but that seems more difficult unless you take
- *		the storage hit of actually putting those offsets into the
- *		tuple you send to disk.  Yuck.
- *
- *		This scheme will be slightly slower than that, but should
- *		perform well for queries which hit large #'s of tuples.  After
- *		you cache the offsets once, examining all the other tuples using
- *		the same attribute descriptor will go much quicker. -cim 5/4/91
  * ----------------
  */
 Datum
@@ -242,205 +230,129 @@ nocache_index_getattr(IndexTuple tup,
 					  int attnum,
 					  TupleDesc tupleDesc)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
 	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to data part of tuple */
 	bits8	   *bp = NULL;		/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
-	bool		slow = false;	/* do we have to walk attrs? */
 	int			data_off;		/* tuple data offset */
 	int			off;			/* current offset within data */
+	int			startAttr;
+	int			firstnullattr;
+	bool		hasnulls = IndexTupleHasNulls(tup);
+	int			i;
 
-	/* ----------------
-	 *	 Three cases:
-	 *
-	 *	 1: No nulls and no variable-width attributes.
-	 *	 2: Has a null or a var-width AFTER att.
-	 *	 3: Has nulls or var-widths BEFORE att.
-	 * ----------------
-	 */
-
-	data_off = IndexInfoFindDataOffset(tup->t_info);
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
 
 	attnum--;
 
-	if (IndexTupleHasNulls(tup))
-	{
-		/*
-		 * there's a null somewhere in the tuple
-		 *
-		 * check to see if desired att is null
-		 */
+	/*
+	 * If there are no NULLs before the required attnum, then we can start at
+	 * the highest attribute with a known offset, or the first attribute if
+	 * none have a cached offset.  If the tuple has no variable width types,
+	 * which is common with indexes, then we can use a slightly cheaper method
+	 * of offset calculation, as we just need to add the attlen to the aligned
+	 * offset when skipping over columns.  When the tuple contains
+	 * variable-width types, we must use att_addlength_pointer(), which does a
+	 * bit more branching and is slightly less efficient.
+	 */
+	data_off = IndexInfoFindDataOffset(tup->t_info);
+	tp = (char *) tup + data_off;
 
-		/* XXX "knows" t_bits are just after fixed tuple header! */
+	/*
+	 * Find the first NULL column, or if there's none set the first NULL to
+	 * attnum so that we can forego NULL checking all the way to attnum.
+	 */
+	if (hasnulls)
+	{
 		bp = (bits8 *) ((char *) tup + sizeof(IndexTupleData));
-
-		/*
-		 * Now check to see if any preceding bits are null...
-		 */
-		{
-			int			byte = attnum >> 3;
-			int			finalbit = attnum & 0x07;
-
-			/* check for nulls "before" final bit of last byte */
-			if ((~bp[byte]) & ((1 << finalbit) - 1))
-				slow = true;
-			else
-			{
-				/* check for nulls in any "earlier" bytes */
-				int			i;
-
-				for (i = 0; i < byte; i++)
-				{
-					if (bp[i] != 0xFF)
-					{
-						slow = true;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		firstnullattr = first_null_attr(bp, attnum);
 	}
+	else
+		firstnullattr = attnum;
 
-	tp = (char *) tup + data_off;
-
-	if (!slow)
+	if (tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr > 0)
 	{
-		CompactAttribute *att;
-
-		/*
-		 * If we get here, there are no nulls up to and including the target
-		 * attribute.  If we have a cached offset, we can use it.
-		 */
-		att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
-		if (att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			return fetchatt(att, tp + att->attcacheoff);
-
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise, check for non-fixed-length attrs up to and including
-		 * target.  If there aren't any, it's safe to cheaply initialize the
-		 * cached offsets for these attrs.
-		 */
-		if (IndexTupleHasVarwidths(tup))
-		{
-			int			j;
-
-			for (j = 0; j <= attnum; j++)
-			{
-				if (TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j)->attlen <= 0)
-				{
-					slow = true;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		startAttr = Min(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr - 1, firstnullattr);
+		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, startAttr)->attcacheoff;
 	}
-
-	if (!slow)
+	else
 	{
-		int			natts = tupleDesc->natts;
-		int			j = 1;
-
-		/*
-		 * If we get here, we have a tuple with no nulls or var-widths up to
-		 * and including the target attribute, so we can use the cached offset
-		 * ... only we don't have it yet, or we'd not have got here.  Since
-		 * it's cheap to compute offsets for fixed-width columns, we take the
-		 * opportunity to initialize the cached offsets for *all* the leading
-		 * fixed-width columns, in hope of avoiding future visits to this
-		 * routine.
-		 */
-		TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
+		startAttr = 0;
+		off = 0;
+	}
 
-		/* we might have set some offsets in the slow path previously */
-		while (j < natts && TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j)->attcacheoff > 0)
-			j++;
+	/* Handle tuples with var-width attributes */
+	if (IndexTupleHasVarwidths(tup))
+	{
+		/* Calculate the offset up until the first NULL */
+		for (i = startAttr; i < firstnullattr; i++)
+		{
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j - 1)->attcacheoff +
-			TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j - 1)->attlen;
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  cattr->attalignby,
+									  cattr->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
+		}
 
-		for (; j < natts; j++)
+		/* Calculate the offset for any remaining columns. */
+		for (; i < attnum; i++)
 		{
-			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j);
+			Assert(hasnulls);
 
-			if (att->attlen <= 0)
-				break;
+			if (att_isnull(i, bp))
+				continue;
 
-			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby);
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-			att->attcacheoff = off;
-
-			off += att->attlen;
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  cattr->attalignby,
+									  cattr->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 		}
-
-		Assert(j > attnum);
-
-		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum)->attcacheoff;
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		bool		usecache = true;
-		int			i;
+		/* Handle tuples with only fixed-width attributes */
 
-		/*
-		 * Now we know that we have to walk the tuple CAREFULLY.  But we still
-		 * might be able to cache some offsets for next time.
-		 *
-		 * Note - This loop is a little tricky.  For each non-null attribute,
-		 * we have to first account for alignment padding before the attr,
-		 * then advance over the attr based on its length.  Nulls have no
-		 * storage and no alignment padding either.  We can use/set
-		 * attcacheoff until we reach either a null or a var-width attribute.
-		 */
-		off = 0;
-		for (i = 0;; i++)		/* loop exit is at "break" */
+		/* Calculate the offset up until the first NULL */
+		for (i = startAttr; i < firstnullattr; i++)
 		{
-			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
-
-			if (IndexTupleHasNulls(tup) && att_isnull(i, bp))
-			{
-				usecache = false;
-				continue;		/* this cannot be the target att */
-			}
-
-			/* If we know the next offset, we can skip the rest */
-			if (usecache && att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-				off = att->attcacheoff;
-			else if (att->attlen == -1)
-			{
-				/*
-				 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-				 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be
-				 * no pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for
-				 * either an aligned or unaligned value.
-				 */
-				if (usecache &&
-					off == att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby))
-					att->attcacheoff = off;
-				else
-				{
-					off = att_pointer_alignby(off, att->attalignby, -1,
-											  tp + off);
-					usecache = false;
-				}
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-				off = att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby);
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
+
+			Assert(cattr->attlen > 0);
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  cattr->attalignby,
+									  cattr->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off += cattr->attlen;
+		}
 
-				if (usecache)
-					att->attcacheoff = off;
-			}
+		/* Calculate the offset for any remaining columns. */
+		for (; i < attnum; i++)
+		{
+			Assert(hasnulls);
 
-			if (i == attnum)
-				break;
+			if (att_isnull(i, bp))
+				continue;
 
-			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, att->attlen, tp + off);
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-			if (usecache && att->attlen <= 0)
-				usecache = false;
+			Assert(cattr->attlen > 0);
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  cattr->attalignby,
+									  cattr->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off += cattr->attlen;
 		}
 	}
 
-	return fetchatt(TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum), tp + off);
+	cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+	off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby,
+							  cattr->attlen, tp + off);
+	return fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -480,63 +392,86 @@ index_deform_tuple_internal(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
 							Datum *values, bool *isnull,
 							char *tp, bits8 *bp, int hasnulls)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
 	int			natts = tupleDescriptor->natts; /* number of atts to extract */
-	int			attnum;
+	int			attnum = 0;
 	int			off = 0;		/* offset in tuple data */
-	bool		slow = false;	/* can we use/set attcacheoff? */
+	int			cacheoffattrs;
+	int			firstnullattr;
 
 	/* Assert to protect callers who allocate fixed-size arrays */
 	Assert(natts <= INDEX_MAX_KEYS);
 
-	for (attnum = 0; attnum < natts; attnum++)
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDescriptor->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
+
+	cacheoffattrs = Min(tupleDescriptor->firstNonCachedOffAttr, natts);
+
+	if (hasnulls)
+	{
+		firstnullattr = first_null_attr(bp, natts);
+		cacheoffattrs = Min(cacheoffattrs, firstnullattr);
+	}
+	else
+		firstnullattr = natts;
+
+	if (cacheoffattrs > 0)
 	{
-		CompactAttribute *thisatt = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDescriptor, attnum);
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+		/* In Assert enabled builds, verify attcacheoff is correct */
+		off = 0;
+#endif
 
-		if (hasnulls && att_isnull(attnum, bp))
+		do
 		{
-			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
-			isnull[attnum] = true;
-			slow = true;		/* can't use attcacheoff anymore */
-			continue;
-		}
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDescriptor, attnum);
+
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby);
+			Assert(off == cattr->attcacheoff);
+			off += cattr->attlen;
+#endif
+
+			values[attnum] = fetch_att(tp + cattr->attcacheoff, cattr->attbyval,
+									   cattr->attlen);
+			isnull[attnum] = false;
+		} while (++attnum < cacheoffattrs);
+
+		off = cattr->attcacheoff + cattr->attlen;
+	}
+
+	for (; attnum < firstnullattr; attnum++)
+	{
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDescriptor, attnum);
+
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby, cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 
 		isnull[attnum] = false;
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 
-		if (!slow && thisatt->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			off = thisatt->attcacheoff;
-		else if (thisatt->attlen == -1)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-			 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be no
-			 * pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for either
-			 * an aligned or unaligned value.
-			 */
-			if (!slow &&
-				off == att_nominal_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby))
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = off;
-			else
-			{
-				off = att_pointer_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby, -1,
-										  tp + off);
-				slow = true;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby);
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
+	}
+
+	for (; attnum < natts; attnum++)
+	{
+		Assert(hasnulls);
 
-			if (!slow)
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = off;
+		if (att_isnull(attnum, bp))
+		{
+			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
+			isnull[attnum] = true;
+			continue;
 		}
 
-		values[attnum] = fetchatt(thisatt, tp + off);
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDescriptor, attnum);
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby, cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 
-		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, thisatt->attlen, tp + off);
+		isnull[attnum] = false;
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 
-		if (thisatt->attlen <= 0)
-			slow = true;		/* can't use attcacheoff anymore */
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c b/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
index e98de806a77..25364db630a 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
@@ -214,6 +214,9 @@ CreateTemplateTupleDesc(int natts)
 	desc->tdtypmod = -1;
 	desc->tdrefcount = -1;		/* assume not reference-counted */
 
+	/* This will be set to the correct value by TupleDescFinalize() */
+	desc->firstNonCachedOffAttr = -1;
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -474,6 +477,9 @@ TupleDescCopy(TupleDesc dst, TupleDesc src)
  *		descriptor to another.
  *
  * !!! Constraints and defaults are not copied !!!
+ *
+ * The caller must take care of calling TupleDescFinalize() on once all
+ * TupleDesc changes have been made.
  */
 void
 TupleDescCopyEntry(TupleDesc dst, AttrNumber dstAttno,
@@ -506,6 +512,37 @@ TupleDescCopyEntry(TupleDesc dst, AttrNumber dstAttno,
 	populate_compact_attribute(dst, dstAttno - 1);
 }
 
+/*
+ * TupleDescFinalize
+ *		Finalize the given TupleDesc.  This must be called after the
+ *		attributes arrays have been populated or adjusted by any code.
+ *
+ * Must be called after populate_compact_attribute() and before
+ * BlessTupleDesc().
+ */
+void
+TupleDescFinalize(TupleDesc tupdesc)
+{
+	int			firstNonCachedOffAttr = 0;
+	int			offp = 0;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < tupdesc->natts; i++)
+	{
+		CompactAttribute *cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupdesc, i);
+
+		if (cattr->attlen <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		offp = att_nominal_alignby(offp, cattr->attalignby);
+		cattr->attcacheoff = offp;
+
+		offp += cattr->attlen;
+		firstNonCachedOffAttr = i + 1;
+	}
+
+	tupdesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr = firstNonCachedOffAttr;
+}
+
 /*
  * Free a TupleDesc including all substructure
  */
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
index b246e8127db..a4694bd8065 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
@@ -335,9 +335,6 @@ getSpGistTupleDesc(Relation index, SpGistTypeDesc *keyType)
 		/* We shouldn't need to bother with making these valid: */
 		att->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;
 		att->attcollation = InvalidOid;
-		/* In case we changed typlen, we'd better reset following offsets */
-		for (int i = spgFirstIncludeColumn; i < outTupDesc->natts; i++)
-			TupleDescCompactAttr(outTupDesc, i)->attcacheoff = -1;
 
 		populate_compact_attribute(outTupDesc, spgKeyColumn);
 		TupleDescFinalize(outTupDesc);
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c b/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
index e6ab51e6404..89f18be5d82 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
@@ -992,118 +992,6 @@ tts_buffer_heap_store_tuple(TupleTableSlot *slot, HeapTuple tuple,
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal
- *		An always inline helper function for use in slot_deform_heap_tuple to
- *		allow the compiler to emit specialized versions of this function for
- *		various combinations of "slow" and "hasnulls".  For example, if a
- *		given tuple has no nulls, then we needn't check "hasnulls" for every
- *		attribute that we're deforming.  The caller can just call this
- *		function with hasnulls set to constant-false and have the compiler
- *		remove the constant-false branches and emit more optimal code.
- *
- * Returns the next attnum to deform, which can be equal to natts when the
- * function manages to deform all requested attributes.  *offp is an input and
- * output parameter which is the byte offset within the tuple to start deforming
- * from which, on return, gets set to the offset where the next attribute
- * should be deformed from.  *slowp is set to true when subsequent deforming
- * of this tuple must use a version of this function with "slow" passed as
- * true.
- *
- * Callers cannot assume when we return "attnum" (i.e. all requested
- * attributes have been deformed) that slow mode isn't required for any
- * additional deforming as the final attribute may have caused a switch to
- * slow mode.
- */
-static pg_attribute_always_inline int
-slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal(TupleTableSlot *slot, HeapTuple tuple,
-								int attnum, int natts, bool slow,
-								bool hasnulls, uint32 *offp, bool *slowp)
-{
-	TupleDesc	tupleDesc = slot->tts_tupleDescriptor;
-	Datum	   *values = slot->tts_values;
-	bool	   *isnull = slot->tts_isnull;
-	HeapTupleHeader tup = tuple->t_data;
-	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to tuple data */
-	bits8	   *bp = tup->t_bits;	/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
-	bool		slownext = false;
-
-	tp = (char *) tup + tup->t_hoff;
-
-	for (; attnum < natts; attnum++)
-	{
-		CompactAttribute *thisatt = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
-
-		if (hasnulls && att_isnull(attnum, bp))
-		{
-			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
-			isnull[attnum] = true;
-			if (!slow)
-			{
-				*slowp = true;
-				return attnum + 1;
-			}
-			else
-				continue;
-		}
-
-		isnull[attnum] = false;
-
-		/* calculate the offset of this attribute */
-		if (!slow && thisatt->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			*offp = thisatt->attcacheoff;
-		else if (thisatt->attlen == -1)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-			 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be no
-			 * pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for either
-			 * an aligned or unaligned value.
-			 */
-			if (!slow && *offp == att_nominal_alignby(*offp, thisatt->attalignby))
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = *offp;
-			else
-			{
-				*offp = att_pointer_alignby(*offp,
-											thisatt->attalignby,
-											-1,
-											tp + *offp);
-
-				if (!slow)
-					slownext = true;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-			*offp = att_nominal_alignby(*offp, thisatt->attalignby);
-
-			if (!slow)
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = *offp;
-		}
-
-		values[attnum] = fetchatt(thisatt, tp + *offp);
-
-		*offp = att_addlength_pointer(*offp, thisatt->attlen, tp + *offp);
-
-		/* check if we need to switch to slow mode */
-		if (!slow)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * We're unable to deform any further if the above code set
-			 * 'slownext', or if this isn't a fixed-width attribute.
-			 */
-			if (slownext || thisatt->attlen <= 0)
-			{
-				*slowp = true;
-				return attnum + 1;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return natts;
-}
-
 /*
  * slot_deform_heap_tuple
  *		Given a TupleTableSlot, extract data from the slot's physical tuple
@@ -1122,78 +1010,140 @@ static pg_attribute_always_inline void
 slot_deform_heap_tuple(TupleTableSlot *slot, HeapTuple tuple, uint32 *offp,
 					   int natts)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
+	TupleDesc	tupleDesc = slot->tts_tupleDescriptor;
 	bool		hasnulls = HeapTupleHasNulls(tuple);
+	HeapTupleHeader tup = tuple->t_data;
+	bits8	   *bp;				/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
 	int			attnum;
+	int			firstNonCacheOffsetAttr;
+	int			firstNullAttr;
+	Datum	   *values;
+	bool	   *isnull;
+	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to tuple data */
 	uint32		off;			/* offset in tuple data */
-	bool		slow;			/* can we use/set attcacheoff? */
+
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
 
 	/* We can only fetch as many attributes as the tuple has. */
-	natts = Min(HeapTupleHeaderGetNatts(tuple->t_data), natts);
+	natts = Min(HeapTupleHeaderGetNatts(tup), natts);
+	attnum = slot->tts_nvalid;
+	firstNonCacheOffsetAttr = Min(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr, natts);
+
+	if (hasnulls)
+	{
+		bp = tup->t_bits;
+		firstNullAttr = first_null_attr(bp, natts);
+		firstNonCacheOffsetAttr = Min(firstNonCacheOffsetAttr, firstNullAttr);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		bp = NULL;
+		firstNullAttr = natts;
+	}
+
+	values = slot->tts_values;
+	isnull = slot->tts_isnull;
+	tp = (char *) tup + tup->t_hoff;
 
 	/*
-	 * Check whether the first call for this tuple, and initialize or restore
-	 * loop state.
+	 * Handle the portion of the tuple that we have cached the offset for up
+	 * to the first NULL attribute.  The offset is effectively fixed for these
+	 * so we can use the CompactAttribute's attcacheoff.
 	 */
-	attnum = slot->tts_nvalid;
-	if (attnum == 0)
+	if (attnum < firstNonCacheOffsetAttr)
+	{
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+		int			offcheck;
+
+		/* In Assert enabled builds, verify attcacheoff is correct */
+		if (attnum == 0)
+			offcheck = 0;
+		else
+			offcheck = *offp;
+#endif
+		do
+		{
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+			offcheck = att_nominal_alignby(offcheck, cattr->attalignby);
+			Assert(offcheck == cattr->attcacheoff);
+			offcheck += cattr->attlen;
+#endif
+
+			values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + cattr->attcacheoff);
+			isnull[attnum] = false;
+		} while (++attnum < firstNonCacheOffsetAttr);
+
+		/*
+		 * Point the offset after the end of the last attribute with a cached
+		 * offset.  We expect the final cached offset attribute to have a
+		 * fixed width, so just add the attlen to the attcacheoff
+		 */
+		Assert(cattr->attlen > 0);
+		off = cattr->attcacheoff + cattr->attlen;
+	}
+	else if (attnum == 0)
 	{
 		/* Start from the first attribute */
 		off = 0;
-		slow = false;
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		/* Restore state from previous execution */
 		off = *offp;
-		slow = TTS_SLOW(slot);
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * If 'slow' isn't set, try deforming using deforming code that does not
-	 * contain any of the extra checks required for non-fixed offset
-	 * deforming.  During deforming, if or when we find a NULL or a variable
-	 * length attribute, we'll switch to a deforming method which includes the
-	 * extra code required for non-fixed offset deforming, a.k.a slow mode.
-	 * Because this is performance critical, we inline
-	 * slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal passing the 'slow' and 'hasnull'
-	 * parameters as constants to allow the compiler to emit specialized code
-	 * with the known-const false comparisons and subsequent branches removed.
+	 * Handle any portion of the tuple that doesn't have a fixed offset up
+	 * until the first NULL attribute.  This loops only differs from the one
+	 * after it by the NULL checks.
 	 */
-	if (!slow)
+	for (; attnum < firstNullAttr; attnum++)
 	{
-		/* Tuple without any NULLs? We can skip doing any NULL checking */
-		if (!hasnulls)
-			attnum = slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal(slot,
-													 tuple,
-													 attnum,
-													 natts,
-													 false, /* slow */
-													 false, /* hasnulls */
-													 &off,
-													 &slow);
-		else
-			attnum = slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal(slot,
-													 tuple,
-													 attnum,
-													 natts,
-													 false, /* slow */
-													 true,	/* hasnulls */
-													 &off,
-													 &slow);
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+
+		/* align the offset for this attribute */
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+								  cattr->attalignby,
+								  cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
+
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
+		isnull[attnum] = false;
+
+		/* move the offset beyond this attribute */
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 	}
 
-	/* If there's still work to do then we must be in slow mode */
-	if (attnum < natts)
+	/*
+	 * Now handle any remaining tuples, this time include NULL checks as we're
+	 * now at the first NULL attribute.
+	 */
+	for (; attnum < natts; attnum++)
 	{
-		/* XXX is it worth adding a separate call when hasnulls is false? */
-		attnum = slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal(slot,
-												 tuple,
-												 attnum,
-												 natts,
-												 true,	/* slow */
-												 hasnulls,
-												 &off,
-												 &slow);
+		if (att_isnull(attnum, bp))
+		{
+			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
+			isnull[attnum] = true;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+
+		/* align the offset for this attribute */
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+								  cattr->attalignby,
+								  cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
+
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
+		isnull[attnum] = false;
+
+		/* move the offset beyond this attribute */
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1201,10 +1151,6 @@ slot_deform_heap_tuple(TupleTableSlot *slot, HeapTuple tuple, uint32 *offp,
 	 */
 	slot->tts_nvalid = attnum;
 	*offp = off;
-	if (slow)
-		slot->tts_flags |= TTS_FLAG_SLOW;
-	else
-		slot->tts_flags &= ~TTS_FLAG_SLOW;
 }
 
 const TupleTableSlotOps TTSOpsVirtual = {
@@ -2259,10 +2205,16 @@ ExecTypeSetColNames(TupleDesc typeInfo, List *namesList)
  * This happens "for free" if the tupdesc came from a relcache entry, but
  * not if we have manufactured a tupdesc for a transient RECORD datatype.
  * In that case we have to notify typcache.c of the existence of the type.
+ *
+ * TupleDescFinalize() must be called on the TupleDesc before calling this
+ * function.
  */
 TupleDesc
 BlessTupleDesc(TupleDesc tupdesc)
 {
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupdesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
+
 	if (tupdesc->tdtypeid == RECORDOID &&
 		tupdesc->tdtypmod < 0)
 		assign_record_type_typmod(tupdesc);
diff --git a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c
index 3eb087eb56b..12521e3e46a 100644
--- a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c
+++ b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ slot_compile_deform(LLVMJitContext *context, TupleDesc desc,
 	LLVMValueRef v_tts_values;
 	LLVMValueRef v_tts_nulls;
 	LLVMValueRef v_slotoffp;
-	LLVMValueRef v_flagsp;
 	LLVMValueRef v_nvalidp;
 	LLVMValueRef v_nvalid;
 	LLVMValueRef v_maxatt;
@@ -178,7 +177,6 @@ slot_compile_deform(LLVMJitContext *context, TupleDesc desc,
 	v_tts_nulls =
 		l_load_struct_gep(b, StructTupleTableSlot, v_slot, FIELDNO_TUPLETABLESLOT_ISNULL,
 						  "tts_ISNULL");
-	v_flagsp = l_struct_gep(b, StructTupleTableSlot, v_slot, FIELDNO_TUPLETABLESLOT_FLAGS, "");
 	v_nvalidp = l_struct_gep(b, StructTupleTableSlot, v_slot, FIELDNO_TUPLETABLESLOT_NVALID, "");
 
 	if (ops == &TTSOpsHeapTuple || ops == &TTSOpsBufferHeapTuple)
@@ -747,14 +745,10 @@ slot_compile_deform(LLVMJitContext *context, TupleDesc desc,
 
 	{
 		LLVMValueRef v_off = l_load(b, TypeSizeT, v_offp, "");
-		LLVMValueRef v_flags;
 
 		LLVMBuildStore(b, l_int16_const(lc, natts), v_nvalidp);
 		v_off = LLVMBuildTrunc(b, v_off, LLVMInt32TypeInContext(lc), "");
 		LLVMBuildStore(b, v_off, v_slotoffp);
-		v_flags = l_load(b, LLVMInt16TypeInContext(lc), v_flagsp, "tts_flags");
-		v_flags = LLVMBuildOr(b, v_flags, l_int16_const(lc, TTS_FLAG_SLOW), "");
-		LLVMBuildStore(b, v_flags, v_flagsp);
 		LLVMBuildRetVoid(b);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 770edb34e08..998be24ac41 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -666,14 +666,6 @@ RelationBuildTupleDesc(Relation relation)
 		elog(ERROR, "pg_attribute catalog is missing %d attribute(s) for relation OID %u",
 			 need, RelationGetRelid(relation));
 
-	/*
-	 * We can easily set the attcacheoff value for the first attribute: it
-	 * must be zero.  This eliminates the need for special cases for attnum=1
-	 * that used to exist in fastgetattr() and index_getattr().
-	 */
-	if (RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(relation) > 0)
-		TupleDescCompactAttr(relation->rd_att, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
-
 	/*
 	 * Set up constraint/default info
 	 */
@@ -1985,8 +1977,6 @@ formrdesc(const char *relationName, Oid relationReltype,
 		populate_compact_attribute(relation->rd_att, i);
 	}
 
-	/* initialize first attribute's attcacheoff, cf RelationBuildTupleDesc */
-	TupleDescCompactAttr(relation->rd_att, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
 	TupleDescFinalize(relation->rd_att);
 
 	/* mark not-null status */
@@ -4446,8 +4436,6 @@ BuildHardcodedDescriptor(int natts, const FormData_pg_attribute *attrs)
 		populate_compact_attribute(result, i);
 	}
 
-	/* initialize first attribute's attcacheoff, cf RelationBuildTupleDesc */
-	TupleDescCompactAttr(result, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
 	TupleDescFinalize(result);
 
 	/* Note: we don't bother to set up a TupleConstr entry */
diff --git a/src/include/access/htup_details.h b/src/include/access/htup_details.h
index d406825ff22..94b4279b7f1 100644
--- a/src/include/access/htup_details.h
+++ b/src/include/access/htup_details.h
@@ -865,20 +865,17 @@ extern MinimalTuple minimal_expand_tuple(HeapTuple sourceTuple, TupleDesc tupleD
 static inline Datum
 fastgetattr(HeapTuple tup, int attnum, TupleDesc tupleDesc, bool *isnull)
 {
-	Assert(attnum > 0);
+	CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
 
+	Assert(attnum > 0);
 	*isnull = false;
-	if (HeapTupleNoNulls(tup))
-	{
-		CompactAttribute *att;
 
-		att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
-		if (att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			return fetchatt(att, (char *) tup->t_data + tup->t_data->t_hoff +
-							att->attcacheoff);
-		else
-			return nocachegetattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc);
-	}
+	if (att->attcacheoff >= 0 && !HeapTupleHasNulls(tup))
+		return fetchatt(att, (char *) tup->t_data + tup->t_data->t_hoff +
+						att->attcacheoff);
+
+	if (HeapTupleNoNulls(tup))
+		return nocachegetattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc);
 	else
 	{
 		if (att_isnull(attnum - 1, tup->t_data->t_bits))
diff --git a/src/include/access/itup.h b/src/include/access/itup.h
index 57e4daafb0d..e4bb27b7e58 100644
--- a/src/include/access/itup.h
+++ b/src/include/access/itup.h
@@ -131,24 +131,20 @@ IndexInfoFindDataOffset(unsigned short t_info)
 static inline Datum
 index_getattr(IndexTuple tup, int attnum, TupleDesc tupleDesc, bool *isnull)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *attr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
+
 	Assert(isnull);
 	Assert(attnum > 0);
 
 	*isnull = false;
 
-	if (!IndexTupleHasNulls(tup))
-	{
-		CompactAttribute *attr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
+	if (attr->attcacheoff >= 0 && !IndexTupleHasNulls(tup))
+		return fetchatt(attr,
+						(char *) tup + IndexInfoFindDataOffset(tup->t_info) +
+						attr->attcacheoff);
 
-		if (attr->attcacheoff >= 0)
-		{
-			return fetchatt(attr,
-							(char *) tup + IndexInfoFindDataOffset(tup->t_info) +
-							attr->attcacheoff);
-		}
-		else
-			return nocache_index_getattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc);
-	}
+	if (!IndexTupleHasNulls(tup))
+		return nocache_index_getattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc);
 	else
 	{
 		if (att_isnull(attnum - 1, (bits8 *) tup + sizeof(IndexTupleData)))
diff --git a/src/include/access/tupdesc.h b/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
index 595413dbbc5..99d9017d1a6 100644
--- a/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
+++ b/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
@@ -131,6 +131,12 @@ typedef struct CompactAttribute
  * Any code making changes manually to and fields in the FormData_pg_attribute
  * array must subsequently call populate_compact_attribute() to flush the
  * changes out to the corresponding 'compact_attrs' element.
+ *
+ * firstNonCachedOffAttr stores the index into the compact_attrs array for the
+ * first attribute that we don't have a known attcacheoff for.
+ *
+ * Once a TupleDesc has been populated, before it is used for any purpose
+ * TupleDescFinalize() must be called on it.
  */
 typedef struct TupleDescData
 {
@@ -138,6 +144,8 @@ typedef struct TupleDescData
 	Oid			tdtypeid;		/* composite type ID for tuple type */
 	int32		tdtypmod;		/* typmod for tuple type */
 	int			tdrefcount;		/* reference count, or -1 if not counting */
+	int			firstNonCachedOffAttr;	/* index of the first att without an
+										 * attcacheoff */
 	TupleConstr *constr;		/* constraints, or NULL if none */
 	/* compact_attrs[N] is the compact metadata of Attribute Number N+1 */
 	CompactAttribute compact_attrs[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
@@ -195,7 +203,6 @@ extern TupleDesc CreateTupleDescTruncatedCopy(TupleDesc tupdesc, int natts);
 
 extern TupleDesc CreateTupleDescCopyConstr(TupleDesc tupdesc);
 
-#define TupleDescFinalize(d) ((void) 0)
 #define TupleDescSize(src) \
 	(offsetof(struct TupleDescData, compact_attrs) + \
 	 (src)->natts * sizeof(CompactAttribute) + \
@@ -206,6 +213,7 @@ extern void TupleDescCopy(TupleDesc dst, TupleDesc src);
 extern void TupleDescCopyEntry(TupleDesc dst, AttrNumber dstAttno,
 							   TupleDesc src, AttrNumber srcAttno);
 
+extern void TupleDescFinalize(TupleDesc tupdesc);
 extern void FreeTupleDesc(TupleDesc tupdesc);
 
 extern void IncrTupleDescRefCount(TupleDesc tupdesc);
diff --git a/src/include/access/tupmacs.h b/src/include/access/tupmacs.h
index 3e5530658c9..150a7a24785 100644
--- a/src/include/access/tupmacs.h
+++ b/src/include/access/tupmacs.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #define TUPMACS_H
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"	/* for TYPALIGN macros */
+#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 
 
 /*
@@ -69,6 +70,87 @@ fetch_att(const void *T, bool attbyval, int attlen)
 	else
 		return PointerGetDatum(T);
 }
+
+#ifndef HAVE__BUILTIN_CTZ
+/*
+ * For returning the 0-based position of the right-most 0 bit of a uint8, or 8
+ * if all bits are 1 bits.
+ */
+static const uint8 pg_rightmost_zero_pos[256] = {
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 5,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 6,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 5,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 7,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 5,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 6,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 5,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 8
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * first_null_attr
+ *		Inspect a NULL bitmask from a tuple and return the 0-based attnum of the
+ *		first NULL attribute.  Returns natts if no NULLs were found.
+ *
+ * We expect that 'bits' contains at least one 0 bit somewhere in the mask,
+ * not necessarily < natts.
+ */
+static inline int
+first_null_attr(const bits8 *bits, int natts)
+{
+	int			lastByte = natts >> 3;
+	int			bytenum;
+	int			res;
+
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+	int			firstnull_check = natts;
+
+	/* Do it the slow way and check we get the same answer. */
+	for (int i = 0; i < natts; i++)
+	{
+		if (att_isnull(i, bits))
+		{
+			firstnull_check = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/* Process all bytes up to just before the byte for the natts index */
+	for (bytenum = 0; bytenum < lastByte; bytenum++)
+	{
+		/* break if there's any NULL attrs (a 0 bit) */
+		if (bits[bytenum] != 0xFF)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	res = bytenum << 3;
+
+#ifdef HAVE__BUILTIN_CTZ
+	res += __builtin_ctz(~bits[bytenum]);
+#else
+	res += pg_rightmost_zero_pos[bits[bytenum]];
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we did no masking to mask out bits beyond natts, we may have
+	 * found a bit higher than natts, so we must cap to natts
+	 */
+	res = Min(res, natts);
+
+	Assert(res == firstnull_check);
+
+	return res;
+}
 #endif							/* FRONTEND */
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/include/executor/tuptable.h b/src/include/executor/tuptable.h
index a2dfd707e78..363c5f33697 100644
--- a/src/include/executor/tuptable.h
+++ b/src/include/executor/tuptable.h
@@ -84,9 +84,6 @@
  * tts_values/tts_isnull are allocated either when the slot is created (when
  * the descriptor is provided), or when a descriptor is assigned to the slot;
  * they are of length equal to the descriptor's natts.
- *
- * The TTS_FLAG_SLOW flag is saved state for
- * slot_deform_heap_tuple, and should not be touched by any other code.
  *----------
  */
 
@@ -98,12 +95,8 @@
 #define			TTS_FLAG_SHOULDFREE		(1 << 2)
 #define TTS_SHOULDFREE(slot) (((slot)->tts_flags & TTS_FLAG_SHOULDFREE) != 0)
 
-/* saved state for slot_deform_heap_tuple */
-#define			TTS_FLAG_SLOW		(1 << 3)
-#define TTS_SLOW(slot) (((slot)->tts_flags & TTS_FLAG_SLOW) != 0)
-
 /* fixed tuple descriptor */
-#define			TTS_FLAG_FIXED		(1 << 4)
+#define			TTS_FLAG_FIXED		(1 << 4)	/* XXX change to #3? */
 #define TTS_FIXED(slot) (((slot)->tts_flags & TTS_FLAG_FIXED) != 0)
 
 struct TupleTableSlotOps;
-- 
2.51.0


From 0b846521934c7fb273c26675c5054ea2990366d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Rowley <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 15:08:09 +1300
Subject: [PATCH v6 3/3] Introduce deform_bench test module

For benchmaring tuple deformation.
---
 src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore      |   4 +
 src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile        |  21 ++++
 .../deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql        |   8 ++
 src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c  | 105 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control |   4 +
 src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build     |  22 ++++
 src/test/modules/meson.build                  |   1 +
 7 files changed, 165 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build

diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5dcb3ff9723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Generated subdirectories
+/log/
+/results/
+/tmp_check/
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5fc0f7a583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile
+
+MODULE_big = deform_bench
+OBJS = deform_bench.o
+
+EXTENSION = deform_bench
+DATA = deform_bench--1.0.sql
+PGFILEDESC = "deform_bench - tuple deform benchmarking"
+
+REGRESS = deform_bench
+
+ifdef USE_PGXS
+PG_CONFIG = pg_config
+PGXS := $(shell $(PG_CONFIG) --pgxs)
+include $(PGXS)
+else
+subdir = src/test/modules/deform_bench
+top_builddir = ../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+include $(top_srcdir)/contrib/contrib-global.mk
+endif
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..492b71dba3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* deform_bench--1.0.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
+\echo Use "CREATE EXTENSION deform_bench" to load this file. \quit
+
+CREATE FUNCTION deform_bench(tableoid Oid, attnum int[]) RETURNS FLOAT
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'deform_bench'
+LANGUAGE C VOLATILE STRICT;
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..895ff3f4222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * deform_bench.c
+ *
+ * for benchmarking tuple deformation routines
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include "access/heapam.h"
+#include "access/relscan.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_am_d.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"
+#include "funcapi.h"
+#include "miscadmin.h"
+#include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/arrayaccess.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(deform_bench);
+
+Datum
+deform_bench(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Oid		tableoid = PG_GETARG_OID(0);
+	ArrayType *array = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(1);
+	TableScanDesc scan;
+	Relation	rel;
+	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
+	TupleTableSlot *slot;
+	Datum *elem_datums = NULL;
+	bool *elem_nulls = NULL;
+	int elem_count;
+	int *attnums;
+	clock_t start, end;
+
+	rel = relation_open(tableoid, AccessShareLock);
+
+	if (rel->rd_rel->relam != HEAP_TABLE_AM_OID)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("only heap AM is supported")));
+
+	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
+	slot = MakeTupleTableSlot(tupdesc, &TTSOpsBufferHeapTuple);
+	scan = table_beginscan_strat(rel, GetActiveSnapshot(), 0, NULL, true, false);
+
+	/*
+	 * The array is used to allow callers to define how many atts to deform.
+	 * e.g: '{1,10}'::int[] would deform attnum=1, then in a 2nd pass deform
+	 * the remainder up to attnum=10.  Passing an element as NULL means all
+	 * attnums.  This allows simulation of incremental deformation.  Generally
+	 * if you're passing an array with more than 1 element, then the array
+	 * should be in ascending order.  Doing something like '{10,1}' would mean
+	 * we've already deformed 10 attributes and on the 2nd pass there's
+	 * nothing to do since attnum=1 was already deformed in the first pass.
+	 *
+	 * You'll get an ERROR if you pass a number higher than the number of
+	 * attributes in the table.
+	 */
+	deconstruct_array(array,
+					  INT4OID,
+					  sizeof(int32),
+					  true,
+					  'i',
+					  &elem_datums,
+					  &elem_nulls,
+					  &elem_count);
+
+	attnums = palloc_array(int, elem_count);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++)
+	{
+		/* Make a NULL element mean all attributes */
+		if (elem_nulls[i])
+			attnums[i] = tupdesc->natts;
+		else
+			attnums[i] = DatumGetInt32(elem_datums[i]);
+	}
+
+	start = clock();
+
+	while (heap_getnextslot(scan, ForwardScanDirection, slot))
+	{
+		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
+
+		/* Deform in stages according to the attnums array */
+		for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++)
+			slot_getsomeattrs_int(slot, attnums[i]);
+	}
+
+	ExecDropSingleTupleTableSlot(slot);
+	table_endscan(scan);
+	relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
+
+	end = clock();
+
+	/* Returns the number of milliseconds to run the test */
+	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) (end - start) / (CLOCKS_PER_SEC / 1000));
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2023f9d738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# deform_bench extension
+comment = 'functions for benchmarking tuple deformation'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/deform_bench'
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82049585244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+deform_bench_sources = files(
+  'deform_bench.c',
+)
+
+if host_system == 'windows'
+  deform_bench_sources += rc_lib_gen.process(win32ver_rc, extra_args: [
+    '--NAME', 'deform_bench',
+    '--FILEDESC', 'deform_bench - benchmarking tuple deformation',])
+endif
+
+deform_bench = shared_module('deform_bench',
+  deform_bench_sources,
+  kwargs: pg_test_mod_args,
+)
+test_install_libs += deform_bench
+
+test_install_data += files(
+  'deform_bench--1.0.sql',
+  'deform_bench.control',
+)
diff --git a/src/test/modules/meson.build b/src/test/modules/meson.build
index 2634a519935..ef2b0af4581 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/meson.build
+++ b/src/test/modules/meson.build
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 subdir('brin')
 subdir('commit_ts')
+subdir('deform_bench')
 subdir('delay_execution')
 subdir('dummy_index_am')
 subdir('dummy_seclabel')
-- 
2.51.0



Attachments:

  [text/plain] deform_test_setup.sh.txt (1.4K, 2-deform_test_setup.sh.txt)
  download | inline:
#!/bin/bash

dbname=postgres
secs=10
rows=1000000
extra_cols_start=0
extra_cols_end=40
extra_cols_increment=10
psql -c "alter system set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 0;" $dbname
psql -c "alter system set jit = 0;" $dbname
psql -c "select pg_reload_conf();" $dbname
psql -c "create extension if not exists pg_prewarm;" $dbname
psql -c "create extension if not exists deform_bench;" $dbname
psql -c "create table if not exists deform_results (machine text not null, cc text not null, branch text not null, test_id int not null, extra_columns int not null, run_id int not null, milliseconds float4 not NULL);" $dbname

test_id=1

for extracol in ", b int not null default 0" ", b int default null"
do
	for firstcol in "c int not null default 0" "c text not null default '0'" "c int null" "c text null"
	do
		for c in $(seq $extra_cols_start $extra_cols_increment $extra_cols_end)
		do
			tablename="t_${test_id}_${c}"
			psql -c "drop table if exists $tablename" $dbname
			sql="create table $tablename ($firstcol"
			for i in $(seq 0 $c)
			do
				sql="$sql,c$i int not null default 0"
			done
			sql="$sql,a int not null$extracol);"
			psql -c "$sql" $dbname

			psql -c "insert into $tablename (a) select a from generate_series(1,$rows) a;" $dbname
			psql -c "vacuum freeze analyze $tablename;" $dbname
		done
		let "test_id=test_id+1"
	done
done

psql -c "checkpoint;" $dbname

  [text/plain] deform_test_run.sh.txt (1.4K, 3-deform_test_run.sh.txt)
  download | inline:
#!/bin/bash

dbname=postgres

# Must match what was used in the test setup script
extra_cols_start=0
extra_cols_end=40
extra_cols_increment=10

# How many times to run each test.  10 - 100 is probably good
number_of_runs=10

me=$(basename "$0")
if [ $# -lt 3 ]
  then
    echo "Syntax: ./$me <machine name> <name of compiler you used> <branch name> "
	exit 1
fi

machine=$1
compiler=$2
branch=$3

psql -c "truncate table deform_results;" $dbname
echo "Results will be stored in the deform_results table"
echo -n "Running tests..."
for test_id in {1..8}
do
	for c in $(seq $extra_cols_start $extra_cols_increment $extra_cols_end)
	do
		let "deform_attnum=c+3"
		tablename="t_${test_id}_${c}"
		echo -ne "\rRunning test $test_id of 8 with $c extra columns..."
		psql -c "select pg_prewarm('$tablename'); insert into deform_results (machine, cc, branch, test_id, extra_columns, run_id, milliseconds) select '${machine}','${compiler}','${branch}',${test_id},${c},run_id,deform_bench('$tablename'::regclass, '{$deform_attnum}') from generate_series(1,$number_of_runs) run_id;" $dbname > /dev/null
	done
done
echo ""
echo ""
echo "The results are:"
psql --csv -c "select branch,test_id,extra_columns,round(avg(milliseconds)::numeric,2) avg_ms,stddev(milliseconds) AS stddev from deform_results where machine = '$machine' and cc='$compiler' and branch='$branch' group by 1,2,3 order by 3,1,2;" $dbname

  [text/plain] v6-0001-Add-empty-TupleDescFinalize-function.patch (29.0K, 4-v6-0001-Add-empty-TupleDescFinalize-function.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From cd036ce2c09982dac5be8bdb7283e8772d7468d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Rowley <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 2026 15:41:37 +1300
Subject: [PATCH v6 1/3] Add empty TupleDescFinalize() function

Currently does nothing, but will in a future commit.
---
 contrib/dblink/dblink.c                             |  4 ++++
 contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c       |  2 ++
 contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c               |  2 ++
 src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c                |  1 +
 src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c                 | 13 +++++++++++++
 src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c                    |  1 +
 src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c                  |  1 +
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c                |  1 +
 src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c               |  1 +
 src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c              |  1 +
 src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c                |  3 +++
 src/backend/catalog/index.c                         |  2 ++
 src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c                |  1 +
 src/backend/catalog/toasting.c                      |  6 ++++++
 src/backend/commands/explain.c                      |  1 +
 src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c                 |  1 +
 src/backend/commands/sequence.c                     |  1 +
 src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c                    |  4 ++++
 src/backend/commands/wait.c                         |  1 +
 src/backend/executor/execSRF.c                      |  2 ++
 src/backend/executor/execTuples.c                   |  4 ++++
 src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c             |  2 ++
 src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c                 |  4 +++-
 src/backend/parser/parse_target.c                   |  2 ++
 .../replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c |  1 +
 src/backend/replication/walsender.c                 |  5 +++++
 src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c                         |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c                     |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c                   |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c              |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c                 |  5 +++++
 src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c                 |  1 +
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c                  |  8 ++++++++
 src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c                    |  6 ++++++
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c                  |  5 +++++
 src/include/access/tupdesc.h                        |  1 +
 src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c                        |  2 ++
 .../test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c     |  1 +
 src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c      |  1 +
 39 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/contrib/dblink/dblink.c b/contrib/dblink/dblink.c
index 8cb3166495c..1ce4502fec2 100644
--- a/contrib/dblink/dblink.c
+++ b/contrib/dblink/dblink.c
@@ -881,6 +881,7 @@ materializeResult(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, PGconn *conn, PGresult *res)
 		tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "status",
 						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		ntuples = 1;
 		nfields = 1;
 	}
@@ -1044,6 +1045,7 @@ materializeQueryResult(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo,
 			tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 			TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "status",
 							   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+			TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 			attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(tupdesc);
 
 			oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rsinfo->econtext->ecxt_per_query_memory);
@@ -1529,6 +1531,8 @@ dblink_get_pkey(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "colname",
 						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 		/*
 		 * Generate attribute metadata needed later to produce tuples from raw
 		 * C strings
diff --git a/contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c b/contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c
index 89b86855243..a6b4fb5252b 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_buffercache/pg_buffercache_pages.c
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ pg_buffercache_pages(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 			TupleDescInitEntry(tupledesc, (AttrNumber) 9, "pinning_backends",
 							   INT4OID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupledesc);
 		fctx->tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupledesc);
 
 		/* Allocate NBuffers worth of BufferCachePagesRec records. */
@@ -442,6 +443,7 @@ pg_buffercache_os_pages_internal(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, bool include_numa)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupledesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "numa_node",
 						   INT4OID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupledesc);
 		fctx->tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupledesc);
 		fctx->include_numa = include_numa;
 
diff --git a/contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c b/contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c
index 9bc3a784bf7..dfab0b64cf5 100644
--- a/contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c
+++ b/contrib/pg_visibility/pg_visibility.c
@@ -469,6 +469,8 @@ pg_visibility_tupdesc(bool include_blkno, bool include_pd)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, ++a, "pd_all_visible", BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 	Assert(a == maxattr);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 	return BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
index 706387e36d6..7f150df9ee7 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ brtuple_disk_tupdesc(BrinDesc *brdesc)
 
 		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		brdesc->bd_disktdesc = tupdesc;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c b/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
index 94b4f1f9975..e98de806a77 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
@@ -238,6 +238,9 @@ CreateTupleDesc(int natts, Form_pg_attribute *attrs)
 		memcpy(TupleDescAttr(desc, i), attrs[i], ATTRIBUTE_FIXED_PART_SIZE);
 		populate_compact_attribute(desc, i);
 	}
+
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -282,6 +285,8 @@ CreateTupleDescCopy(TupleDesc tupdesc)
 	desc->tdtypeid = tupdesc->tdtypeid;
 	desc->tdtypmod = tupdesc->tdtypmod;
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -328,6 +333,8 @@ CreateTupleDescTruncatedCopy(TupleDesc tupdesc, int natts)
 	desc->tdtypeid = tupdesc->tdtypeid;
 	desc->tdtypmod = tupdesc->tdtypmod;
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -413,6 +420,8 @@ CreateTupleDescCopyConstr(TupleDesc tupdesc)
 	desc->tdtypeid = tupdesc->tdtypeid;
 	desc->tdtypmod = tupdesc->tdtypmod;
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -455,6 +464,8 @@ TupleDescCopy(TupleDesc dst, TupleDesc src)
 	 * source's refcount would be wrong in any case.)
 	 */
 	dst->tdrefcount = -1;
+
+	TupleDescFinalize(dst);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1082,6 +1093,8 @@ BuildDescFromLists(const List *names, const List *types, const List *typmods, co
 		TupleDescInitEntryCollation(desc, attnum, attcollation);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c b/src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c
index d205093e21d..a533d79e26e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/gin/ginutil.c
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ initGinState(GinState *state, Relation index)
 							   attr->attndims);
 			TupleDescInitEntryCollation(state->tupdesc[i], (AttrNumber) 2,
 										attr->attcollation);
+			TupleDescFinalize(state->tupdesc[i]);
 		}
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c b/src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c
index f23bc4a6757..c65f93abdae 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/gist/gistscan.c
@@ -201,6 +201,7 @@ gistrescan(IndexScanDesc scan, ScanKey key, int nkeys,
 											 attno - 1)->atttypid,
 							   -1, 0);
 		}
+		TupleDescFinalize(so->giststate->fetchTupdesc);
 		scan->xs_hitupdesc = so->giststate->fetchTupdesc;
 
 		/* Also create a memory context that will hold the returned tuples */
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
index 9f5379b87ac..b246e8127db 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ getSpGistTupleDesc(Relation index, SpGistTypeDesc *keyType)
 			TupleDescCompactAttr(outTupDesc, i)->attcacheoff = -1;
 
 		populate_compact_attribute(outTupDesc, spgKeyColumn);
+		TupleDescFinalize(outTupDesc);
 	}
 	return outTupDesc;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c b/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
index e50abb331cc..9f708f84334 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
@@ -744,6 +744,7 @@ pg_prepared_xact(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 5, "dbid",
 						   OIDOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
index 2efe4105efb..b6bc616c74c 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
@@ -400,6 +400,7 @@ pg_walfile_name_offset(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	TupleDescInitEntry(resultTupleDesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "file_offset",
 					   INT4OID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(resultTupleDesc);
 	resultTupleDesc = BlessTupleDesc(resultTupleDesc);
 
 	/*
diff --git a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
index fecfad9ab7b..29dbd0cb32f 100644
--- a/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
+++ b/src/backend/backup/basebackup_copy.c
@@ -357,6 +357,8 @@ SendXlogRecPtrResult(XLogRecPtr ptr, TimeLineID tli)
 	 */
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "tli", INT8OID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 	/* send RowDescription */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
 
@@ -388,6 +390,7 @@ SendTablespaceList(List *tablespaces)
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "spcoid", OIDOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "spclocation", TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "size", INT8OID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* send RowDescription */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 43de42ce39e..75e97fb394a 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -481,6 +481,8 @@ ConstructTupleDescriptor(Relation heapRelation,
 		populate_compact_attribute(indexTupDesc, i);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(indexTupDesc);
+
 	return indexTupDesc;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c
index 9a4791c573e..fa353a0dd37 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_publication.c
@@ -1230,6 +1230,7 @@ pg_get_publication_tables(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "qual",
 						   PG_NODE_TREEOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->user_fctx = table_infos;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c b/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c
index c78dcea98c1..078a1cf5127 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/toasting.c
@@ -229,6 +229,12 @@ create_toast_table(Relation rel, Oid toastOid, Oid toastIndexOid,
 	TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, 1)->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;
 	TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, 2)->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;
 
+	populate_compact_attribute(tupdesc, 0);
+	populate_compact_attribute(tupdesc, 1);
+	populate_compact_attribute(tupdesc, 2);
+
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 	/*
 	 * Toast tables for regular relations go in pg_toast; those for temp
 	 * relations go into the per-backend temp-toast-table namespace.
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/explain.c b/src/backend/commands/explain.c
index b7bb111688c..7abd9ed272f 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/explain.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/explain.c
@@ -281,6 +281,7 @@ ExplainResultDesc(ExplainStmt *stmt)
 	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "QUERY PLAN",
 					   result_type, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	return tupdesc;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c b/src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c
index a516b037dea..6a8f162b640 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/functioncmds.c
@@ -2423,6 +2423,7 @@ CallStmtResultDesc(CallStmt *stmt)
 							   -1,
 							   0);
 		}
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	}
 
 	return tupdesc;
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/sequence.c b/src/backend/commands/sequence.c
index e1b808bbb60..551667650ba 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/sequence.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/sequence.c
@@ -1808,6 +1808,7 @@ pg_get_sequence_data(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(resultTupleDesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "page_lsn",
 					   LSNOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(resultTupleDesc);
 	resultTupleDesc = BlessTupleDesc(resultTupleDesc);
 
 	seqrel = try_relation_open(relid, AccessShareLock);
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index f976c0e5c7e..ae7c9db9fa9 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -1029,6 +1029,8 @@ DefineRelation(CreateStmt *stmt, char relkind, Oid ownerId,
 		}
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(descriptor);
+
 	/*
 	 * For relations with table AM and partitioned tables, select access
 	 * method to use: an explicitly indicated one, or (in the case of a
@@ -1448,6 +1450,8 @@ BuildDescForRelation(const List *columns)
 		populate_compact_attribute(desc, attnum - 1);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/wait.c b/src/backend/commands/wait.c
index 1290df10c6f..8e920a72372 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/wait.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/wait.c
@@ -338,5 +338,6 @@ WaitStmtResultDesc(WaitStmt *stmt)
 	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "status",
 					   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	return tupdesc;
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execSRF.c b/src/backend/executor/execSRF.c
index a0b111dc0e4..b481e50acfb 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execSRF.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execSRF.c
@@ -272,6 +272,7 @@ ExecMakeTableFunctionResult(SetExprState *setexpr,
 									   funcrettype,
 									   -1,
 									   0);
+					TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 					rsinfo.setDesc = tupdesc;
 				}
 				MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
@@ -776,6 +777,7 @@ init_sexpr(Oid foid, Oid input_collation, Expr *node,
 							   funcrettype,
 							   -1,
 							   0);
+			TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 			sexpr->funcResultDesc = tupdesc;
 			sexpr->funcReturnsTuple = false;
 		}
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c b/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
index b768eae9e53..e6ab51e6404 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
@@ -2173,6 +2173,8 @@ ExecTypeFromTLInternal(List *targetList, bool skipjunk)
 		cur_resno++;
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(typeInfo);
+
 	return typeInfo;
 }
 
@@ -2207,6 +2209,8 @@ ExecTypeFromExprList(List *exprList)
 		cur_resno++;
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(typeInfo);
+
 	return typeInfo;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c
index 63e605e1f81..feb82d64967 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeFunctionscan.c
@@ -414,6 +414,7 @@ ExecInitFunctionScan(FunctionScan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 				TupleDescInitEntryCollation(tupdesc,
 											(AttrNumber) 1,
 											exprCollation(funcexpr));
+				TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 			}
 			else
 			{
@@ -485,6 +486,7 @@ ExecInitFunctionScan(FunctionScan *node, EState *estate, int eflags)
 							   0);
 		}
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(scan_tupdesc);
 		Assert(attno == natts);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c
index 3ec8d8de011..0ad767d827b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c
@@ -1891,6 +1891,7 @@ addRangeTableEntryForFunction(ParseState *pstate,
 			TupleDescInitEntryCollation(tupdesc,
 										(AttrNumber) 1,
 										exprCollation(funcexpr));
+			TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		}
 		else if (functypclass == TYPEFUNC_RECORD)
 		{
@@ -1948,6 +1949,7 @@ addRangeTableEntryForFunction(ParseState *pstate,
 
 				i++;
 			}
+			TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 			/*
 			 * Ensure that the coldeflist defines a legal set of names (no
@@ -2016,7 +2018,7 @@ addRangeTableEntryForFunction(ParseState *pstate,
 							   0);
 			/* no need to set collation */
 		}
-
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		Assert(natts == totalatts);
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_target.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_target.c
index b5a2f915b67..5fd17f3d8d0 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_target.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_target.c
@@ -1570,6 +1570,8 @@ expandRecordVariable(ParseState *pstate, Var *var, int levelsup)
 		}
 		Assert(lname == NULL && lvar == NULL);	/* lists same length? */
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupleDesc);
+
 		return tupleDesc;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c b/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c
index 7c8639b32e9..9f04c9ed25d 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/libpqwalreceiver/libpqwalreceiver.c
@@ -1073,6 +1073,7 @@ libpqrcv_processTuples(PGresult *pgres, WalRcvExecResult *walres,
 	for (coln = 0; coln < nRetTypes; coln++)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(walres->tupledesc, (AttrNumber) coln + 1,
 						   PQfname(pgres, coln), retTypes[coln], -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(walres->tupledesc);
 	attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(walres->tupledesc);
 
 	/* No point in doing more here if there were no tuples returned. */
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/walsender.c b/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
index a0e6a3d200c..9e2f4a664b4 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/walsender.c
@@ -451,6 +451,7 @@ IdentifySystem(void)
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "dbname",
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
@@ -496,6 +497,7 @@ ReadReplicationSlot(ReadReplicationSlotCmd *cmd)
 	/* TimeLineID is unsigned, so int4 is not wide enough. */
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "restart_tli",
 							  INT8OID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	memset(nulls, true, READ_REPLICATION_SLOT_COLS * sizeof(bool));
 
@@ -598,6 +600,7 @@ SendTimeLineHistory(TimeLineHistoryCmd *cmd)
 	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(2);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "filename", TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "content", TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	TLHistoryFileName(histfname, cmd->timeline);
 	TLHistoryFilePath(path, cmd->timeline);
@@ -1015,6 +1018,7 @@ StartReplication(StartReplicationCmd *cmd)
 								  INT8OID, -1, 0);
 		TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "next_tli_startpos",
 								  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 		/* prepare for projection of tuple */
 		tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
@@ -1369,6 +1373,7 @@ CreateReplicationSlot(CreateReplicationSlotCmd *cmd)
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "output_plugin",
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c
index 3a6905f9546..9d37053c81e 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c
@@ -1818,6 +1818,7 @@ aclexplode(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "is_grantable",
 						   BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 		/* allocate memory for user context */
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c
index c083608b1d5..bfb949401d0 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/genfile.c
@@ -454,6 +454,7 @@ pg_stat_file(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   "creation", TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 6,
 					   "isdir", BOOLOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	memset(isnull, false, sizeof(isnull));
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
index 9dadd6da672..4481c354fd6 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ pg_lock_status(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 16, "waitstart",
 						   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c
index 3b6da8e36ac..fd8b8676470 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/orderedsetaggs.c
@@ -233,6 +233,7 @@ ordered_set_startup(FunctionCallInfo fcinfo, bool use_tuples)
 								   -1,
 								   0);
 
+				TupleDescFinalize(newdesc);
 				FreeTupleDesc(qstate->tupdesc);
 				qstate->tupdesc = newdesc;
 			}
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
index 73ca0bb0b7f..08ad27e57c2 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
@@ -769,6 +769,7 @@ pg_stat_get_backend_subxact(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "subxact_overflow",
 					   BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	if ((local_beentry = pgstat_get_local_beentry_by_proc_number(procNumber)) != NULL)
@@ -1658,6 +1659,7 @@ pg_stat_wal_build_tuple(PgStat_WalCounters wal_counters,
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 6, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	/* Fill values and NULLs */
@@ -2085,6 +2087,7 @@ pg_stat_get_archiver(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 7, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	/* Get statistics about the archiver process */
@@ -2166,6 +2169,7 @@ pg_stat_get_replication_slot(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 13, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	namestrcpy(&slotname, text_to_cstring(slotname_text));
@@ -2253,6 +2257,7 @@ pg_stat_get_subscription_stats(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   INT8OID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 13, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	if (!subentry)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
index 94e0fed8309..7ca19a97882 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/tsvector_op.c
@@ -651,6 +651,7 @@ tsvector_unnest(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 						   TEXTARRAYOID, -1, 0);
 		if (get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &tupdesc) != TYPEFUNC_COMPOSITE)
 			elog(ERROR, "return type must be a row type");
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 		funcctx->tuple_desc = tupdesc;
 
 		funcctx->user_fctx = PG_GETARG_TSVECTOR_COPY(0);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 6b634c9fff1..770edb34e08 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -729,6 +729,8 @@ RelationBuildTupleDesc(Relation relation)
 		pfree(constr);
 		relation->rd_att->constr = NULL;
 	}
+
+	TupleDescFinalize(relation->rd_att);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1985,6 +1987,7 @@ formrdesc(const char *relationName, Oid relationReltype,
 
 	/* initialize first attribute's attcacheoff, cf RelationBuildTupleDesc */
 	TupleDescCompactAttr(relation->rd_att, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
+	TupleDescFinalize(relation->rd_att);
 
 	/* mark not-null status */
 	if (has_not_null)
@@ -3688,6 +3691,8 @@ RelationBuildLocalRelation(const char *relname,
 	for (i = 0; i < natts; i++)
 		TupleDescAttr(rel->rd_att, i)->attrelid = relid;
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(rel->rd_att);
+
 	rel->rd_rel->reltablespace = reltablespace;
 
 	if (mapped_relation)
@@ -4443,6 +4448,7 @@ BuildHardcodedDescriptor(int natts, const FormData_pg_attribute *attrs)
 
 	/* initialize first attribute's attcacheoff, cf RelationBuildTupleDesc */
 	TupleDescCompactAttr(result, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
+	TupleDescFinalize(result);
 
 	/* Note: we don't bother to set up a TupleConstr entry */
 
@@ -6268,6 +6274,8 @@ load_relcache_init_file(bool shared)
 			populate_compact_attribute(rel->rd_att, i);
 		}
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(rel->rd_att);
+
 		/* next read the access method specific field */
 		if (fread(&len, 1, sizeof(len), fp) != sizeof(len))
 			goto read_failed;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
index 8a934ea8dca..516d02cfb82 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/fmgr/funcapi.c
@@ -340,6 +340,8 @@ get_expr_result_type(Node *expr,
 										exprCollation(col));
 			i++;
 		}
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 		if (resultTypeId)
 			*resultTypeId = rexpr->row_typeid;
 		if (resultTupleDesc)
@@ -1044,6 +1046,7 @@ resolve_polymorphic_tupdesc(TupleDesc tupdesc, oidvector *declared_args,
 		}
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -1853,6 +1856,8 @@ build_function_result_tupdesc_d(char prokind,
 						   0);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(desc);
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -1970,6 +1975,7 @@ TypeGetTupleDesc(Oid typeoid, List *colaliases)
 						   typeoid,
 						   -1,
 						   0);
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	}
 	else if (functypclass == TYPEFUNC_RECORD)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c
index 4f3e40bf470..b82f807e05e 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc_funcs.c
@@ -444,6 +444,7 @@ GetPGVariableResultDesc(const char *name)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, varname,
 						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	}
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	return tupdesc;
 }
 
@@ -465,6 +466,7 @@ ShowGUCConfigOption(const char *name, DestReceiver *dest)
 	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, varname,
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
@@ -499,6 +501,7 @@ ShowAllGUCConfig(DestReceiver *dest)
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitBuiltinEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "description",
 							  TEXTOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 
 	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
 	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc, &TTSOpsVirtual);
@@ -934,6 +937,8 @@ show_all_settings(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 17, "pending_restart",
 						   BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 
+		TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
+
 		/*
 		 * Generate attribute metadata needed later to produce tuples from raw
 		 * C strings
diff --git a/src/include/access/tupdesc.h b/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
index d46cdbf7a3c..595413dbbc5 100644
--- a/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
+++ b/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
@@ -195,6 +195,7 @@ extern TupleDesc CreateTupleDescTruncatedCopy(TupleDesc tupdesc, int natts);
 
 extern TupleDesc CreateTupleDescCopyConstr(TupleDesc tupdesc);
 
+#define TupleDescFinalize(d) ((void) 0)
 #define TupleDescSize(src) \
 	(offsetof(struct TupleDescData, compact_attrs) + \
 	 (src)->natts * sizeof(CompactAttribute) + \
diff --git a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c
index 7d648c941c0..b2112c29fcf 100644
--- a/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c
+++ b/src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_comp.c
@@ -1912,6 +1912,8 @@ build_row_from_vars(PLpgSQL_variable **vars, int numvars)
 		TupleDescInitEntryCollation(row->rowtupdesc, i + 1, typcoll);
 	}
 
+	TupleDescFinalize(row->rowtupdesc);
+
 	return row;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c b/src/test/modules/test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c
index 908bd18a7c7..fa1719bf3b5 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_custom_stats/test_custom_fixed_stats.c
@@ -205,6 +205,7 @@ test_custom_stats_fixed_report(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   INT8OID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "stats_reset",
 					   TIMESTAMPTZOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	values[0] = Int64GetDatum(stats->numcalls);
diff --git a/src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c b/src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c
index 679a5de456d..48ca2a4ea70 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c
+++ b/src/test/modules/test_predtest/test_predtest.c
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ test_predtest(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 					   "s_r_holds", BOOLOID, -1, 0);
 	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 8,
 					   "w_r_holds", BOOLOID, -1, 0);
+	TupleDescFinalize(tupdesc);
 	tupdesc = BlessTupleDesc(tupdesc);
 
 	values[0] = BoolGetDatum(strong_implied_by);
-- 
2.51.0



  [text/plain] v6-0002-Precalculate-CompactAttribute-s-attcacheoff.patch (49.9K, 5-v6-0002-Precalculate-CompactAttribute-s-attcacheoff.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From 9d02280cc685739dc82306d1ada3509b476f6a8f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Rowley <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 31 Dec 2024 09:19:24 +1300
Subject: [PATCH v6 2/3] Precalculate CompactAttribute's attcacheoff

This allows code to be removed from the tuple deform routines which
shrinks down the code a little, which can make it run more quickly.
This also makes a dedicated deformer loop to deform the portion of the
tuple which has a known offset, which makes deforming much faster when
a leading set of the table's columns are non-NULL values and fixed-width
types.
---
 src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c  | 334 +++++++++-------------
 src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c | 367 ++++++++++---------------
 src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c    |  37 +++
 src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c   |   3 -
 src/backend/executor/execTuples.c      | 280 ++++++++-----------
 src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c  |   6 -
 src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c     |  12 -
 src/include/access/htup_details.h      |  19 +-
 src/include/access/itup.h              |  20 +-
 src/include/access/tupdesc.h           |  10 +-
 src/include/access/tupmacs.h           |  82 ++++++
 src/include/executor/tuptable.h        |   9 +-
 12 files changed, 539 insertions(+), 640 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c b/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
index 11bec20e82e..42cce3dcdfe 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
@@ -497,20 +497,8 @@ heap_attisnull(HeapTuple tup, int attnum, TupleDesc tupleDesc)
 /* ----------------
  *		nocachegetattr
  *
- *		This only gets called from fastgetattr(), in cases where we
- *		can't use a cacheoffset and the value is not null.
- *
- *		This caches attribute offsets in the attribute descriptor.
- *
- *		An alternative way to speed things up would be to cache offsets
- *		with the tuple, but that seems more difficult unless you take
- *		the storage hit of actually putting those offsets into the
- *		tuple you send to disk.  Yuck.
- *
- *		This scheme will be slightly slower than that, but should
- *		perform well for queries which hit large #'s of tuples.  After
- *		you cache the offsets once, examining all the other tuples using
- *		the same attribute descriptor will go much quicker. -cim 5/4/91
+ *		This only gets called from fastgetattr(), in cases where the
+ *		attcacheoff is not set.
  *
  *		NOTE: if you need to change this code, see also heap_deform_tuple.
  *		Also see nocache_index_getattr, which is the same code for index
@@ -522,194 +510,104 @@ nocachegetattr(HeapTuple tup,
 			   int attnum,
 			   TupleDesc tupleDesc)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
 	HeapTupleHeader td = tup->t_data;
 	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to data part of tuple */
 	bits8	   *bp = td->t_bits;	/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
-	bool		slow = false;	/* do we have to walk attrs? */
 	int			off;			/* current offset within data */
+	int			startAttr;
+	int			firstnullattr;
+	bool		hasnulls = HeapTupleHasNulls(tup);
 
-	/* ----------------
-	 *	 Three cases:
-	 *
-	 *	 1: No nulls and no variable-width attributes.
-	 *	 2: Has a null or a var-width AFTER att.
-	 *	 3: Has nulls or var-widths BEFORE att.
-	 * ----------------
-	 */
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
 
+	/*
+	 * If there are no NULLs before the required attnum, then we can start at
+	 * the highest attribute with a known offset, or the first attribute if
+	 * none have a cached offset.  If the tuple has no variable width types,
+	 * then we can use a slightly cheaper method of offset calculation, as we
+	 * just need to add the attlen to the aligned offset when skipping over
+	 * columns.  When the tuple contains variable-width types, we must use
+	 * att_addlength_pointer(), which does a bit more branching and is
+	 * slightly less efficient.
+	 */
 	attnum--;
 
-	if (!HeapTupleNoNulls(tup))
-	{
-		/*
-		 * there's a null somewhere in the tuple
-		 *
-		 * check to see if any preceding bits are null...
-		 */
-		int			byte = attnum >> 3;
-		int			finalbit = attnum & 0x07;
-
-		/* check for nulls "before" final bit of last byte */
-		if ((~bp[byte]) & ((1 << finalbit) - 1))
-			slow = true;
-		else
-		{
-			/* check for nulls in any "earlier" bytes */
-			int			i;
+	if (hasnulls)
+		firstnullattr = first_null_attr(bp, attnum);
+	else
+		firstnullattr = attnum;
 
-			for (i = 0; i < byte; i++)
-			{
-				if (bp[i] != 0xFF)
-				{
-					slow = true;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
+	if (tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr > 0)
+	{
+		startAttr = Min(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr - 1, firstnullattr);
+		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, startAttr)->attcacheoff;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		startAttr = 0;
+		off = 0;
 	}
 
 	tp = (char *) td + td->t_hoff;
 
-	if (!slow)
+	if (hasnulls)
 	{
-		CompactAttribute *att;
+		for (int i = startAttr; i < attnum; i++)
+		{
+			CompactAttribute *att;
 
-		/*
-		 * If we get here, there are no nulls up to and including the target
-		 * attribute.  If we have a cached offset, we can use it.
-		 */
-		att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
-		if (att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			return fetchatt(att, tp + att->attcacheoff);
+			if (att_isnull(i, bp))
+				continue;
 
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise, check for non-fixed-length attrs up to and including
-		 * target.  If there aren't any, it's safe to cheaply initialize the
-		 * cached offsets for these attrs.
-		 */
-		if (HeapTupleHasVarWidth(tup))
-		{
-			int			j;
+			att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-			for (j = 0; j <= attnum; j++)
-			{
-				if (TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j)->attlen <= 0)
-				{
-					slow = true;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  att->attalignby,
+									  att->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, att->attlen, tp + off);
 		}
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+								  cattr->attalignby,
+								  cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 	}
-
-	if (!slow)
+	else if (!HeapTupleHasVarWidth(tup))
 	{
-		int			natts = tupleDesc->natts;
-		int			j = 1;
-
-		/*
-		 * If we get here, we have a tuple with no nulls or var-widths up to
-		 * and including the target attribute, so we can use the cached offset
-		 * ... only we don't have it yet, or we'd not have got here.  Since
-		 * it's cheap to compute offsets for fixed-width columns, we take the
-		 * opportunity to initialize the cached offsets for *all* the leading
-		 * fixed-width columns, in hope of avoiding future visits to this
-		 * routine.
-		 */
-		TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
-
-		/* we might have set some offsets in the slow path previously */
-		while (j < natts && TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j)->attcacheoff > 0)
-			j++;
-
-		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j - 1)->attcacheoff +
-			TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j - 1)->attlen;
-
-		for (; j < natts; j++)
+		for (int i = startAttr; i < attnum; i++)
 		{
-			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j);
-
-			if (att->attlen <= 0)
-				break;
+			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
 			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby);
-
-			att->attcacheoff = off;
-
 			off += att->attlen;
 		}
-
-		Assert(j > attnum);
-
-		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum)->attcacheoff;
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		off = att_nominal_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby);
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		bool		usecache = true;
-		int			i;
-
-		/*
-		 * Now we know that we have to walk the tuple CAREFULLY.  But we still
-		 * might be able to cache some offsets for next time.
-		 *
-		 * Note - This loop is a little tricky.  For each non-null attribute,
-		 * we have to first account for alignment padding before the attr,
-		 * then advance over the attr based on its length.  Nulls have no
-		 * storage and no alignment padding either.  We can use/set
-		 * attcacheoff until we reach either a null or a var-width attribute.
-		 */
-		off = 0;
-		for (i = 0;; i++)		/* loop exit is at "break" */
+		for (int i = startAttr; i < attnum; i++)
 		{
 			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-			if (HeapTupleHasNulls(tup) && att_isnull(i, bp))
-			{
-				usecache = false;
-				continue;		/* this cannot be the target att */
-			}
-
-			/* If we know the next offset, we can skip the rest */
-			if (usecache && att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-				off = att->attcacheoff;
-			else if (att->attlen == -1)
-			{
-				/*
-				 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-				 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be
-				 * no pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for
-				 * either an aligned or unaligned value.
-				 */
-				if (usecache &&
-					off == att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby))
-					att->attcacheoff = off;
-				else
-				{
-					off = att_pointer_alignby(off, att->attalignby, -1,
-											  tp + off);
-					usecache = false;
-				}
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-				off = att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby);
-
-				if (usecache)
-					att->attcacheoff = off;
-			}
-
-			if (i == attnum)
-				break;
-
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  att->attalignby,
+									  att->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
 			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, att->attlen, tp + off);
 
-			if (usecache && att->attlen <= 0)
-				usecache = false;
 		}
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+								  cattr->attalignby,
+								  cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 	}
 
-	return fetchatt(TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum), tp + off);
+	return fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 }
 
 /* ----------------
@@ -1347,6 +1245,7 @@ heap_deform_tuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupleDesc,
 				  Datum *values, bool *isnull)
 {
 	HeapTupleHeader tup = tuple->t_data;
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
 	bool		hasnulls = HeapTupleHasNulls(tuple);
 	int			tdesc_natts = tupleDesc->natts;
 	int			natts;			/* number of atts to extract */
@@ -1354,70 +1253,91 @@ heap_deform_tuple(HeapTuple tuple, TupleDesc tupleDesc,
 	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to tuple data */
 	uint32		off;			/* offset in tuple data */
 	bits8	   *bp = tup->t_bits;	/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
-	bool		slow = false;	/* can we use/set attcacheoff? */
+	int			cacheoffattrs;
+	int			firstnullattr;
 
 	natts = HeapTupleHeaderGetNatts(tup);
 
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
+
 	/*
 	 * In inheritance situations, it is possible that the given tuple actually
 	 * has more fields than the caller is expecting.  Don't run off the end of
 	 * the caller's arrays.
 	 */
 	natts = Min(natts, tdesc_natts);
+	cacheoffattrs = Min(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr, natts);
+
+	if (hasnulls)
+	{
+		firstnullattr = first_null_attr(bp, natts);
+		cacheoffattrs = Min(cacheoffattrs, firstnullattr);
+	}
+	else
+		firstnullattr = natts;
 
 	tp = (char *) tup + tup->t_hoff;
+	attnum = 0;
 
-	off = 0;
+	if (cacheoffattrs > 0)
+	{
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+		/* In Assert enabled builds, verify attcacheoff is correct */
+		off = 0;
+#endif
+		do
+		{
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby);
+			Assert(off == cattr->attcacheoff);
+			off += cattr->attlen;
+#endif
 
-	for (attnum = 0; attnum < natts; attnum++)
+			values[attnum] = fetch_att(tp + cattr->attcacheoff,
+									   cattr->attbyval,
+									   cattr->attlen);
+			isnull[attnum] = false;
+		} while (++attnum < cacheoffattrs);
+		off = cattr->attcacheoff + cattr->attlen;
+	}
+	else
+		off = 0;
+
+	for (; attnum < firstnullattr; attnum++)
 	{
-		CompactAttribute *thisatt = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
 
-		if (hasnulls && att_isnull(attnum, bp))
-		{
-			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
-			isnull[attnum] = true;
-			slow = true;		/* can't use attcacheoff anymore */
-			continue;
-		}
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby, cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 
 		isnull[attnum] = false;
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 
-		if (!slow && thisatt->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			off = thisatt->attcacheoff;
-		else if (thisatt->attlen == -1)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-			 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be no
-			 * pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for either
-			 * an aligned or unaligned value.
-			 */
-			if (!slow &&
-				off == att_nominal_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby))
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = off;
-			else
-			{
-				off = att_pointer_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby, -1,
-										  tp + off);
-				slow = true;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby);
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
+	}
+
+	for (; attnum < natts; attnum++)
+	{
+		Assert(hasnulls);
 
-			if (!slow)
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = off;
+		if (att_isnull(attnum, bp))
+		{
+			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
+			isnull[attnum] = true;
+			continue;
 		}
 
-		values[attnum] = fetchatt(thisatt, tp + off);
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby, cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 
-		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, thisatt->attlen, tp + off);
+		isnull[attnum] = false;
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 
-		if (thisatt->attlen <= 0)
-			slow = true;		/* can't use attcacheoff anymore */
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 	}
 
 	/*
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c b/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c
index d7c8c53fd8d..084e0937a60 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/indextuple.c
@@ -223,18 +223,6 @@ index_form_tuple_context(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
  *
  *		This gets called from index_getattr() macro, and only in cases
  *		where we can't use cacheoffset and the value is not null.
- *
- *		This caches attribute offsets in the attribute descriptor.
- *
- *		An alternative way to speed things up would be to cache offsets
- *		with the tuple, but that seems more difficult unless you take
- *		the storage hit of actually putting those offsets into the
- *		tuple you send to disk.  Yuck.
- *
- *		This scheme will be slightly slower than that, but should
- *		perform well for queries which hit large #'s of tuples.  After
- *		you cache the offsets once, examining all the other tuples using
- *		the same attribute descriptor will go much quicker. -cim 5/4/91
  * ----------------
  */
 Datum
@@ -242,205 +230,129 @@ nocache_index_getattr(IndexTuple tup,
 					  int attnum,
 					  TupleDesc tupleDesc)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
 	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to data part of tuple */
 	bits8	   *bp = NULL;		/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
-	bool		slow = false;	/* do we have to walk attrs? */
 	int			data_off;		/* tuple data offset */
 	int			off;			/* current offset within data */
+	int			startAttr;
+	int			firstnullattr;
+	bool		hasnulls = IndexTupleHasNulls(tup);
+	int			i;
 
-	/* ----------------
-	 *	 Three cases:
-	 *
-	 *	 1: No nulls and no variable-width attributes.
-	 *	 2: Has a null or a var-width AFTER att.
-	 *	 3: Has nulls or var-widths BEFORE att.
-	 * ----------------
-	 */
-
-	data_off = IndexInfoFindDataOffset(tup->t_info);
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
 
 	attnum--;
 
-	if (IndexTupleHasNulls(tup))
-	{
-		/*
-		 * there's a null somewhere in the tuple
-		 *
-		 * check to see if desired att is null
-		 */
+	/*
+	 * If there are no NULLs before the required attnum, then we can start at
+	 * the highest attribute with a known offset, or the first attribute if
+	 * none have a cached offset.  If the tuple has no variable width types,
+	 * which is common with indexes, then we can use a slightly cheaper method
+	 * of offset calculation, as we just need to add the attlen to the aligned
+	 * offset when skipping over columns.  When the tuple contains
+	 * variable-width types, we must use att_addlength_pointer(), which does a
+	 * bit more branching and is slightly less efficient.
+	 */
+	data_off = IndexInfoFindDataOffset(tup->t_info);
+	tp = (char *) tup + data_off;
 
-		/* XXX "knows" t_bits are just after fixed tuple header! */
+	/*
+	 * Find the first NULL column, or if there's none set the first NULL to
+	 * attnum so that we can forego NULL checking all the way to attnum.
+	 */
+	if (hasnulls)
+	{
 		bp = (bits8 *) ((char *) tup + sizeof(IndexTupleData));
-
-		/*
-		 * Now check to see if any preceding bits are null...
-		 */
-		{
-			int			byte = attnum >> 3;
-			int			finalbit = attnum & 0x07;
-
-			/* check for nulls "before" final bit of last byte */
-			if ((~bp[byte]) & ((1 << finalbit) - 1))
-				slow = true;
-			else
-			{
-				/* check for nulls in any "earlier" bytes */
-				int			i;
-
-				for (i = 0; i < byte; i++)
-				{
-					if (bp[i] != 0xFF)
-					{
-						slow = true;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		firstnullattr = first_null_attr(bp, attnum);
 	}
+	else
+		firstnullattr = attnum;
 
-	tp = (char *) tup + data_off;
-
-	if (!slow)
+	if (tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr > 0)
 	{
-		CompactAttribute *att;
-
-		/*
-		 * If we get here, there are no nulls up to and including the target
-		 * attribute.  If we have a cached offset, we can use it.
-		 */
-		att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
-		if (att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			return fetchatt(att, tp + att->attcacheoff);
-
-		/*
-		 * Otherwise, check for non-fixed-length attrs up to and including
-		 * target.  If there aren't any, it's safe to cheaply initialize the
-		 * cached offsets for these attrs.
-		 */
-		if (IndexTupleHasVarwidths(tup))
-		{
-			int			j;
-
-			for (j = 0; j <= attnum; j++)
-			{
-				if (TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j)->attlen <= 0)
-				{
-					slow = true;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
+		startAttr = Min(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr - 1, firstnullattr);
+		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, startAttr)->attcacheoff;
 	}
-
-	if (!slow)
+	else
 	{
-		int			natts = tupleDesc->natts;
-		int			j = 1;
-
-		/*
-		 * If we get here, we have a tuple with no nulls or var-widths up to
-		 * and including the target attribute, so we can use the cached offset
-		 * ... only we don't have it yet, or we'd not have got here.  Since
-		 * it's cheap to compute offsets for fixed-width columns, we take the
-		 * opportunity to initialize the cached offsets for *all* the leading
-		 * fixed-width columns, in hope of avoiding future visits to this
-		 * routine.
-		 */
-		TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
+		startAttr = 0;
+		off = 0;
+	}
 
-		/* we might have set some offsets in the slow path previously */
-		while (j < natts && TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j)->attcacheoff > 0)
-			j++;
+	/* Handle tuples with var-width attributes */
+	if (IndexTupleHasVarwidths(tup))
+	{
+		/* Calculate the offset up until the first NULL */
+		for (i = startAttr; i < firstnullattr; i++)
+		{
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j - 1)->attcacheoff +
-			TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j - 1)->attlen;
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  cattr->attalignby,
+									  cattr->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
+		}
 
-		for (; j < natts; j++)
+		/* Calculate the offset for any remaining columns. */
+		for (; i < attnum; i++)
 		{
-			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, j);
+			Assert(hasnulls);
 
-			if (att->attlen <= 0)
-				break;
+			if (att_isnull(i, bp))
+				continue;
 
-			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby);
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-			att->attcacheoff = off;
-
-			off += att->attlen;
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  cattr->attalignby,
+									  cattr->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 		}
-
-		Assert(j > attnum);
-
-		off = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum)->attcacheoff;
 	}
 	else
 	{
-		bool		usecache = true;
-		int			i;
+		/* Handle tuples with only fixed-width attributes */
 
-		/*
-		 * Now we know that we have to walk the tuple CAREFULLY.  But we still
-		 * might be able to cache some offsets for next time.
-		 *
-		 * Note - This loop is a little tricky.  For each non-null attribute,
-		 * we have to first account for alignment padding before the attr,
-		 * then advance over the attr based on its length.  Nulls have no
-		 * storage and no alignment padding either.  We can use/set
-		 * attcacheoff until we reach either a null or a var-width attribute.
-		 */
-		off = 0;
-		for (i = 0;; i++)		/* loop exit is at "break" */
+		/* Calculate the offset up until the first NULL */
+		for (i = startAttr; i < firstnullattr; i++)
 		{
-			CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
-
-			if (IndexTupleHasNulls(tup) && att_isnull(i, bp))
-			{
-				usecache = false;
-				continue;		/* this cannot be the target att */
-			}
-
-			/* If we know the next offset, we can skip the rest */
-			if (usecache && att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-				off = att->attcacheoff;
-			else if (att->attlen == -1)
-			{
-				/*
-				 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-				 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be
-				 * no pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for
-				 * either an aligned or unaligned value.
-				 */
-				if (usecache &&
-					off == att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby))
-					att->attcacheoff = off;
-				else
-				{
-					off = att_pointer_alignby(off, att->attalignby, -1,
-											  tp + off);
-					usecache = false;
-				}
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-				off = att_nominal_alignby(off, att->attalignby);
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
+
+			Assert(cattr->attlen > 0);
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  cattr->attalignby,
+									  cattr->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off += cattr->attlen;
+		}
 
-				if (usecache)
-					att->attcacheoff = off;
-			}
+		/* Calculate the offset for any remaining columns. */
+		for (; i < attnum; i++)
+		{
+			Assert(hasnulls);
 
-			if (i == attnum)
-				break;
+			if (att_isnull(i, bp))
+				continue;
 
-			off = att_addlength_pointer(off, att->attlen, tp + off);
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, i);
 
-			if (usecache && att->attlen <= 0)
-				usecache = false;
+			Assert(cattr->attlen > 0);
+			off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+									  cattr->attalignby,
+									  cattr->attlen,
+									  tp + off);
+			off += cattr->attlen;
 		}
 	}
 
-	return fetchatt(TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum), tp + off);
+	cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+	off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby,
+							  cattr->attlen, tp + off);
+	return fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -480,63 +392,86 @@ index_deform_tuple_internal(TupleDesc tupleDescriptor,
 							Datum *values, bool *isnull,
 							char *tp, bits8 *bp, int hasnulls)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
 	int			natts = tupleDescriptor->natts; /* number of atts to extract */
-	int			attnum;
+	int			attnum = 0;
 	int			off = 0;		/* offset in tuple data */
-	bool		slow = false;	/* can we use/set attcacheoff? */
+	int			cacheoffattrs;
+	int			firstnullattr;
 
 	/* Assert to protect callers who allocate fixed-size arrays */
 	Assert(natts <= INDEX_MAX_KEYS);
 
-	for (attnum = 0; attnum < natts; attnum++)
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDescriptor->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
+
+	cacheoffattrs = Min(tupleDescriptor->firstNonCachedOffAttr, natts);
+
+	if (hasnulls)
+	{
+		firstnullattr = first_null_attr(bp, natts);
+		cacheoffattrs = Min(cacheoffattrs, firstnullattr);
+	}
+	else
+		firstnullattr = natts;
+
+	if (cacheoffattrs > 0)
 	{
-		CompactAttribute *thisatt = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDescriptor, attnum);
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+		/* In Assert enabled builds, verify attcacheoff is correct */
+		off = 0;
+#endif
 
-		if (hasnulls && att_isnull(attnum, bp))
+		do
 		{
-			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
-			isnull[attnum] = true;
-			slow = true;		/* can't use attcacheoff anymore */
-			continue;
-		}
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDescriptor, attnum);
+
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby);
+			Assert(off == cattr->attcacheoff);
+			off += cattr->attlen;
+#endif
+
+			values[attnum] = fetch_att(tp + cattr->attcacheoff, cattr->attbyval,
+									   cattr->attlen);
+			isnull[attnum] = false;
+		} while (++attnum < cacheoffattrs);
+
+		off = cattr->attcacheoff + cattr->attlen;
+	}
+
+	for (; attnum < firstnullattr; attnum++)
+	{
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDescriptor, attnum);
+
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby, cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 
 		isnull[attnum] = false;
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 
-		if (!slow && thisatt->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			off = thisatt->attcacheoff;
-		else if (thisatt->attlen == -1)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-			 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be no
-			 * pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for either
-			 * an aligned or unaligned value.
-			 */
-			if (!slow &&
-				off == att_nominal_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby))
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = off;
-			else
-			{
-				off = att_pointer_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby, -1,
-										  tp + off);
-				slow = true;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-			off = att_nominal_alignby(off, thisatt->attalignby);
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
+	}
+
+	for (; attnum < natts; attnum++)
+	{
+		Assert(hasnulls);
 
-			if (!slow)
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = off;
+		if (att_isnull(attnum, bp))
+		{
+			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
+			isnull[attnum] = true;
+			continue;
 		}
 
-		values[attnum] = fetchatt(thisatt, tp + off);
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDescriptor, attnum);
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off, cattr->attalignby, cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
 
-		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, thisatt->attlen, tp + off);
+		isnull[attnum] = false;
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
 
-		if (thisatt->attlen <= 0)
-			slow = true;		/* can't use attcacheoff anymore */
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c b/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
index e98de806a77..25364db630a 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/tupdesc.c
@@ -214,6 +214,9 @@ CreateTemplateTupleDesc(int natts)
 	desc->tdtypmod = -1;
 	desc->tdrefcount = -1;		/* assume not reference-counted */
 
+	/* This will be set to the correct value by TupleDescFinalize() */
+	desc->firstNonCachedOffAttr = -1;
+
 	return desc;
 }
 
@@ -474,6 +477,9 @@ TupleDescCopy(TupleDesc dst, TupleDesc src)
  *		descriptor to another.
  *
  * !!! Constraints and defaults are not copied !!!
+ *
+ * The caller must take care of calling TupleDescFinalize() on once all
+ * TupleDesc changes have been made.
  */
 void
 TupleDescCopyEntry(TupleDesc dst, AttrNumber dstAttno,
@@ -506,6 +512,37 @@ TupleDescCopyEntry(TupleDesc dst, AttrNumber dstAttno,
 	populate_compact_attribute(dst, dstAttno - 1);
 }
 
+/*
+ * TupleDescFinalize
+ *		Finalize the given TupleDesc.  This must be called after the
+ *		attributes arrays have been populated or adjusted by any code.
+ *
+ * Must be called after populate_compact_attribute() and before
+ * BlessTupleDesc().
+ */
+void
+TupleDescFinalize(TupleDesc tupdesc)
+{
+	int			firstNonCachedOffAttr = 0;
+	int			offp = 0;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < tupdesc->natts; i++)
+	{
+		CompactAttribute *cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupdesc, i);
+
+		if (cattr->attlen <= 0)
+			break;
+
+		offp = att_nominal_alignby(offp, cattr->attalignby);
+		cattr->attcacheoff = offp;
+
+		offp += cattr->attlen;
+		firstNonCachedOffAttr = i + 1;
+	}
+
+	tupdesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr = firstNonCachedOffAttr;
+}
+
 /*
  * Free a TupleDesc including all substructure
  */
diff --git a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
index b246e8127db..a4694bd8065 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c
@@ -335,9 +335,6 @@ getSpGistTupleDesc(Relation index, SpGistTypeDesc *keyType)
 		/* We shouldn't need to bother with making these valid: */
 		att->attcompression = InvalidCompressionMethod;
 		att->attcollation = InvalidOid;
-		/* In case we changed typlen, we'd better reset following offsets */
-		for (int i = spgFirstIncludeColumn; i < outTupDesc->natts; i++)
-			TupleDescCompactAttr(outTupDesc, i)->attcacheoff = -1;
 
 		populate_compact_attribute(outTupDesc, spgKeyColumn);
 		TupleDescFinalize(outTupDesc);
diff --git a/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c b/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
index e6ab51e6404..89f18be5d82 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/execTuples.c
@@ -992,118 +992,6 @@ tts_buffer_heap_store_tuple(TupleTableSlot *slot, HeapTuple tuple,
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal
- *		An always inline helper function for use in slot_deform_heap_tuple to
- *		allow the compiler to emit specialized versions of this function for
- *		various combinations of "slow" and "hasnulls".  For example, if a
- *		given tuple has no nulls, then we needn't check "hasnulls" for every
- *		attribute that we're deforming.  The caller can just call this
- *		function with hasnulls set to constant-false and have the compiler
- *		remove the constant-false branches and emit more optimal code.
- *
- * Returns the next attnum to deform, which can be equal to natts when the
- * function manages to deform all requested attributes.  *offp is an input and
- * output parameter which is the byte offset within the tuple to start deforming
- * from which, on return, gets set to the offset where the next attribute
- * should be deformed from.  *slowp is set to true when subsequent deforming
- * of this tuple must use a version of this function with "slow" passed as
- * true.
- *
- * Callers cannot assume when we return "attnum" (i.e. all requested
- * attributes have been deformed) that slow mode isn't required for any
- * additional deforming as the final attribute may have caused a switch to
- * slow mode.
- */
-static pg_attribute_always_inline int
-slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal(TupleTableSlot *slot, HeapTuple tuple,
-								int attnum, int natts, bool slow,
-								bool hasnulls, uint32 *offp, bool *slowp)
-{
-	TupleDesc	tupleDesc = slot->tts_tupleDescriptor;
-	Datum	   *values = slot->tts_values;
-	bool	   *isnull = slot->tts_isnull;
-	HeapTupleHeader tup = tuple->t_data;
-	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to tuple data */
-	bits8	   *bp = tup->t_bits;	/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
-	bool		slownext = false;
-
-	tp = (char *) tup + tup->t_hoff;
-
-	for (; attnum < natts; attnum++)
-	{
-		CompactAttribute *thisatt = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
-
-		if (hasnulls && att_isnull(attnum, bp))
-		{
-			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
-			isnull[attnum] = true;
-			if (!slow)
-			{
-				*slowp = true;
-				return attnum + 1;
-			}
-			else
-				continue;
-		}
-
-		isnull[attnum] = false;
-
-		/* calculate the offset of this attribute */
-		if (!slow && thisatt->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			*offp = thisatt->attcacheoff;
-		else if (thisatt->attlen == -1)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * We can only cache the offset for a varlena attribute if the
-			 * offset is already suitably aligned, so that there would be no
-			 * pad bytes in any case: then the offset will be valid for either
-			 * an aligned or unaligned value.
-			 */
-			if (!slow && *offp == att_nominal_alignby(*offp, thisatt->attalignby))
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = *offp;
-			else
-			{
-				*offp = att_pointer_alignby(*offp,
-											thisatt->attalignby,
-											-1,
-											tp + *offp);
-
-				if (!slow)
-					slownext = true;
-			}
-		}
-		else
-		{
-			/* not varlena, so safe to use att_nominal_alignby */
-			*offp = att_nominal_alignby(*offp, thisatt->attalignby);
-
-			if (!slow)
-				thisatt->attcacheoff = *offp;
-		}
-
-		values[attnum] = fetchatt(thisatt, tp + *offp);
-
-		*offp = att_addlength_pointer(*offp, thisatt->attlen, tp + *offp);
-
-		/* check if we need to switch to slow mode */
-		if (!slow)
-		{
-			/*
-			 * We're unable to deform any further if the above code set
-			 * 'slownext', or if this isn't a fixed-width attribute.
-			 */
-			if (slownext || thisatt->attlen <= 0)
-			{
-				*slowp = true;
-				return attnum + 1;
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return natts;
-}
-
 /*
  * slot_deform_heap_tuple
  *		Given a TupleTableSlot, extract data from the slot's physical tuple
@@ -1122,78 +1010,140 @@ static pg_attribute_always_inline void
 slot_deform_heap_tuple(TupleTableSlot *slot, HeapTuple tuple, uint32 *offp,
 					   int natts)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *cattr;
+	TupleDesc	tupleDesc = slot->tts_tupleDescriptor;
 	bool		hasnulls = HeapTupleHasNulls(tuple);
+	HeapTupleHeader tup = tuple->t_data;
+	bits8	   *bp;				/* ptr to null bitmap in tuple */
 	int			attnum;
+	int			firstNonCacheOffsetAttr;
+	int			firstNullAttr;
+	Datum	   *values;
+	bool	   *isnull;
+	char	   *tp;				/* ptr to tuple data */
 	uint32		off;			/* offset in tuple data */
-	bool		slow;			/* can we use/set attcacheoff? */
+
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
 
 	/* We can only fetch as many attributes as the tuple has. */
-	natts = Min(HeapTupleHeaderGetNatts(tuple->t_data), natts);
+	natts = Min(HeapTupleHeaderGetNatts(tup), natts);
+	attnum = slot->tts_nvalid;
+	firstNonCacheOffsetAttr = Min(tupleDesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr, natts);
+
+	if (hasnulls)
+	{
+		bp = tup->t_bits;
+		firstNullAttr = first_null_attr(bp, natts);
+		firstNonCacheOffsetAttr = Min(firstNonCacheOffsetAttr, firstNullAttr);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		bp = NULL;
+		firstNullAttr = natts;
+	}
+
+	values = slot->tts_values;
+	isnull = slot->tts_isnull;
+	tp = (char *) tup + tup->t_hoff;
 
 	/*
-	 * Check whether the first call for this tuple, and initialize or restore
-	 * loop state.
+	 * Handle the portion of the tuple that we have cached the offset for up
+	 * to the first NULL attribute.  The offset is effectively fixed for these
+	 * so we can use the CompactAttribute's attcacheoff.
 	 */
-	attnum = slot->tts_nvalid;
-	if (attnum == 0)
+	if (attnum < firstNonCacheOffsetAttr)
+	{
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+		int			offcheck;
+
+		/* In Assert enabled builds, verify attcacheoff is correct */
+		if (attnum == 0)
+			offcheck = 0;
+		else
+			offcheck = *offp;
+#endif
+		do
+		{
+			cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+			offcheck = att_nominal_alignby(offcheck, cattr->attalignby);
+			Assert(offcheck == cattr->attcacheoff);
+			offcheck += cattr->attlen;
+#endif
+
+			values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + cattr->attcacheoff);
+			isnull[attnum] = false;
+		} while (++attnum < firstNonCacheOffsetAttr);
+
+		/*
+		 * Point the offset after the end of the last attribute with a cached
+		 * offset.  We expect the final cached offset attribute to have a
+		 * fixed width, so just add the attlen to the attcacheoff
+		 */
+		Assert(cattr->attlen > 0);
+		off = cattr->attcacheoff + cattr->attlen;
+	}
+	else if (attnum == 0)
 	{
 		/* Start from the first attribute */
 		off = 0;
-		slow = false;
 	}
 	else
 	{
 		/* Restore state from previous execution */
 		off = *offp;
-		slow = TTS_SLOW(slot);
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * If 'slow' isn't set, try deforming using deforming code that does not
-	 * contain any of the extra checks required for non-fixed offset
-	 * deforming.  During deforming, if or when we find a NULL or a variable
-	 * length attribute, we'll switch to a deforming method which includes the
-	 * extra code required for non-fixed offset deforming, a.k.a slow mode.
-	 * Because this is performance critical, we inline
-	 * slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal passing the 'slow' and 'hasnull'
-	 * parameters as constants to allow the compiler to emit specialized code
-	 * with the known-const false comparisons and subsequent branches removed.
+	 * Handle any portion of the tuple that doesn't have a fixed offset up
+	 * until the first NULL attribute.  This loops only differs from the one
+	 * after it by the NULL checks.
 	 */
-	if (!slow)
+	for (; attnum < firstNullAttr; attnum++)
 	{
-		/* Tuple without any NULLs? We can skip doing any NULL checking */
-		if (!hasnulls)
-			attnum = slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal(slot,
-													 tuple,
-													 attnum,
-													 natts,
-													 false, /* slow */
-													 false, /* hasnulls */
-													 &off,
-													 &slow);
-		else
-			attnum = slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal(slot,
-													 tuple,
-													 attnum,
-													 natts,
-													 false, /* slow */
-													 true,	/* hasnulls */
-													 &off,
-													 &slow);
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+
+		/* align the offset for this attribute */
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+								  cattr->attalignby,
+								  cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
+
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
+		isnull[attnum] = false;
+
+		/* move the offset beyond this attribute */
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 	}
 
-	/* If there's still work to do then we must be in slow mode */
-	if (attnum < natts)
+	/*
+	 * Now handle any remaining tuples, this time include NULL checks as we're
+	 * now at the first NULL attribute.
+	 */
+	for (; attnum < natts; attnum++)
 	{
-		/* XXX is it worth adding a separate call when hasnulls is false? */
-		attnum = slot_deform_heap_tuple_internal(slot,
-												 tuple,
-												 attnum,
-												 natts,
-												 true,	/* slow */
-												 hasnulls,
-												 &off,
-												 &slow);
+		if (att_isnull(attnum, bp))
+		{
+			values[attnum] = (Datum) 0;
+			isnull[attnum] = true;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		cattr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum);
+
+		/* align the offset for this attribute */
+		off = att_pointer_alignby(off,
+								  cattr->attalignby,
+								  cattr->attlen,
+								  tp + off);
+
+		values[attnum] = fetchatt(cattr, tp + off);
+		isnull[attnum] = false;
+
+		/* move the offset beyond this attribute */
+		off = att_addlength_pointer(off, cattr->attlen, tp + off);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1201,10 +1151,6 @@ slot_deform_heap_tuple(TupleTableSlot *slot, HeapTuple tuple, uint32 *offp,
 	 */
 	slot->tts_nvalid = attnum;
 	*offp = off;
-	if (slow)
-		slot->tts_flags |= TTS_FLAG_SLOW;
-	else
-		slot->tts_flags &= ~TTS_FLAG_SLOW;
 }
 
 const TupleTableSlotOps TTSOpsVirtual = {
@@ -2259,10 +2205,16 @@ ExecTypeSetColNames(TupleDesc typeInfo, List *namesList)
  * This happens "for free" if the tupdesc came from a relcache entry, but
  * not if we have manufactured a tupdesc for a transient RECORD datatype.
  * In that case we have to notify typcache.c of the existence of the type.
+ *
+ * TupleDescFinalize() must be called on the TupleDesc before calling this
+ * function.
  */
 TupleDesc
 BlessTupleDesc(TupleDesc tupdesc)
 {
+	/* Did someone forget to call TupleDescFinalize()? */
+	Assert(tupdesc->firstNonCachedOffAttr >= 0);
+
 	if (tupdesc->tdtypeid == RECORDOID &&
 		tupdesc->tdtypmod < 0)
 		assign_record_type_typmod(tupdesc);
diff --git a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c
index 3eb087eb56b..12521e3e46a 100644
--- a/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c
+++ b/src/backend/jit/llvm/llvmjit_deform.c
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ slot_compile_deform(LLVMJitContext *context, TupleDesc desc,
 	LLVMValueRef v_tts_values;
 	LLVMValueRef v_tts_nulls;
 	LLVMValueRef v_slotoffp;
-	LLVMValueRef v_flagsp;
 	LLVMValueRef v_nvalidp;
 	LLVMValueRef v_nvalid;
 	LLVMValueRef v_maxatt;
@@ -178,7 +177,6 @@ slot_compile_deform(LLVMJitContext *context, TupleDesc desc,
 	v_tts_nulls =
 		l_load_struct_gep(b, StructTupleTableSlot, v_slot, FIELDNO_TUPLETABLESLOT_ISNULL,
 						  "tts_ISNULL");
-	v_flagsp = l_struct_gep(b, StructTupleTableSlot, v_slot, FIELDNO_TUPLETABLESLOT_FLAGS, "");
 	v_nvalidp = l_struct_gep(b, StructTupleTableSlot, v_slot, FIELDNO_TUPLETABLESLOT_NVALID, "");
 
 	if (ops == &TTSOpsHeapTuple || ops == &TTSOpsBufferHeapTuple)
@@ -747,14 +745,10 @@ slot_compile_deform(LLVMJitContext *context, TupleDesc desc,
 
 	{
 		LLVMValueRef v_off = l_load(b, TypeSizeT, v_offp, "");
-		LLVMValueRef v_flags;
 
 		LLVMBuildStore(b, l_int16_const(lc, natts), v_nvalidp);
 		v_off = LLVMBuildTrunc(b, v_off, LLVMInt32TypeInContext(lc), "");
 		LLVMBuildStore(b, v_off, v_slotoffp);
-		v_flags = l_load(b, LLVMInt16TypeInContext(lc), v_flagsp, "tts_flags");
-		v_flags = LLVMBuildOr(b, v_flags, l_int16_const(lc, TTS_FLAG_SLOW), "");
-		LLVMBuildStore(b, v_flags, v_flagsp);
 		LLVMBuildRetVoid(b);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 770edb34e08..998be24ac41 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -666,14 +666,6 @@ RelationBuildTupleDesc(Relation relation)
 		elog(ERROR, "pg_attribute catalog is missing %d attribute(s) for relation OID %u",
 			 need, RelationGetRelid(relation));
 
-	/*
-	 * We can easily set the attcacheoff value for the first attribute: it
-	 * must be zero.  This eliminates the need for special cases for attnum=1
-	 * that used to exist in fastgetattr() and index_getattr().
-	 */
-	if (RelationGetNumberOfAttributes(relation) > 0)
-		TupleDescCompactAttr(relation->rd_att, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
-
 	/*
 	 * Set up constraint/default info
 	 */
@@ -1985,8 +1977,6 @@ formrdesc(const char *relationName, Oid relationReltype,
 		populate_compact_attribute(relation->rd_att, i);
 	}
 
-	/* initialize first attribute's attcacheoff, cf RelationBuildTupleDesc */
-	TupleDescCompactAttr(relation->rd_att, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
 	TupleDescFinalize(relation->rd_att);
 
 	/* mark not-null status */
@@ -4446,8 +4436,6 @@ BuildHardcodedDescriptor(int natts, const FormData_pg_attribute *attrs)
 		populate_compact_attribute(result, i);
 	}
 
-	/* initialize first attribute's attcacheoff, cf RelationBuildTupleDesc */
-	TupleDescCompactAttr(result, 0)->attcacheoff = 0;
 	TupleDescFinalize(result);
 
 	/* Note: we don't bother to set up a TupleConstr entry */
diff --git a/src/include/access/htup_details.h b/src/include/access/htup_details.h
index d406825ff22..94b4279b7f1 100644
--- a/src/include/access/htup_details.h
+++ b/src/include/access/htup_details.h
@@ -865,20 +865,17 @@ extern MinimalTuple minimal_expand_tuple(HeapTuple sourceTuple, TupleDesc tupleD
 static inline Datum
 fastgetattr(HeapTuple tup, int attnum, TupleDesc tupleDesc, bool *isnull)
 {
-	Assert(attnum > 0);
+	CompactAttribute *att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
 
+	Assert(attnum > 0);
 	*isnull = false;
-	if (HeapTupleNoNulls(tup))
-	{
-		CompactAttribute *att;
 
-		att = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
-		if (att->attcacheoff >= 0)
-			return fetchatt(att, (char *) tup->t_data + tup->t_data->t_hoff +
-							att->attcacheoff);
-		else
-			return nocachegetattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc);
-	}
+	if (att->attcacheoff >= 0 && !HeapTupleHasNulls(tup))
+		return fetchatt(att, (char *) tup->t_data + tup->t_data->t_hoff +
+						att->attcacheoff);
+
+	if (HeapTupleNoNulls(tup))
+		return nocachegetattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc);
 	else
 	{
 		if (att_isnull(attnum - 1, tup->t_data->t_bits))
diff --git a/src/include/access/itup.h b/src/include/access/itup.h
index 57e4daafb0d..e4bb27b7e58 100644
--- a/src/include/access/itup.h
+++ b/src/include/access/itup.h
@@ -131,24 +131,20 @@ IndexInfoFindDataOffset(unsigned short t_info)
 static inline Datum
 index_getattr(IndexTuple tup, int attnum, TupleDesc tupleDesc, bool *isnull)
 {
+	CompactAttribute *attr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
+
 	Assert(isnull);
 	Assert(attnum > 0);
 
 	*isnull = false;
 
-	if (!IndexTupleHasNulls(tup))
-	{
-		CompactAttribute *attr = TupleDescCompactAttr(tupleDesc, attnum - 1);
+	if (attr->attcacheoff >= 0 && !IndexTupleHasNulls(tup))
+		return fetchatt(attr,
+						(char *) tup + IndexInfoFindDataOffset(tup->t_info) +
+						attr->attcacheoff);
 
-		if (attr->attcacheoff >= 0)
-		{
-			return fetchatt(attr,
-							(char *) tup + IndexInfoFindDataOffset(tup->t_info) +
-							attr->attcacheoff);
-		}
-		else
-			return nocache_index_getattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc);
-	}
+	if (!IndexTupleHasNulls(tup))
+		return nocache_index_getattr(tup, attnum, tupleDesc);
 	else
 	{
 		if (att_isnull(attnum - 1, (bits8 *) tup + sizeof(IndexTupleData)))
diff --git a/src/include/access/tupdesc.h b/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
index 595413dbbc5..99d9017d1a6 100644
--- a/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
+++ b/src/include/access/tupdesc.h
@@ -131,6 +131,12 @@ typedef struct CompactAttribute
  * Any code making changes manually to and fields in the FormData_pg_attribute
  * array must subsequently call populate_compact_attribute() to flush the
  * changes out to the corresponding 'compact_attrs' element.
+ *
+ * firstNonCachedOffAttr stores the index into the compact_attrs array for the
+ * first attribute that we don't have a known attcacheoff for.
+ *
+ * Once a TupleDesc has been populated, before it is used for any purpose
+ * TupleDescFinalize() must be called on it.
  */
 typedef struct TupleDescData
 {
@@ -138,6 +144,8 @@ typedef struct TupleDescData
 	Oid			tdtypeid;		/* composite type ID for tuple type */
 	int32		tdtypmod;		/* typmod for tuple type */
 	int			tdrefcount;		/* reference count, or -1 if not counting */
+	int			firstNonCachedOffAttr;	/* index of the first att without an
+										 * attcacheoff */
 	TupleConstr *constr;		/* constraints, or NULL if none */
 	/* compact_attrs[N] is the compact metadata of Attribute Number N+1 */
 	CompactAttribute compact_attrs[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
@@ -195,7 +203,6 @@ extern TupleDesc CreateTupleDescTruncatedCopy(TupleDesc tupdesc, int natts);
 
 extern TupleDesc CreateTupleDescCopyConstr(TupleDesc tupdesc);
 
-#define TupleDescFinalize(d) ((void) 0)
 #define TupleDescSize(src) \
 	(offsetof(struct TupleDescData, compact_attrs) + \
 	 (src)->natts * sizeof(CompactAttribute) + \
@@ -206,6 +213,7 @@ extern void TupleDescCopy(TupleDesc dst, TupleDesc src);
 extern void TupleDescCopyEntry(TupleDesc dst, AttrNumber dstAttno,
 							   TupleDesc src, AttrNumber srcAttno);
 
+extern void TupleDescFinalize(TupleDesc tupdesc);
 extern void FreeTupleDesc(TupleDesc tupdesc);
 
 extern void IncrTupleDescRefCount(TupleDesc tupdesc);
diff --git a/src/include/access/tupmacs.h b/src/include/access/tupmacs.h
index 3e5530658c9..150a7a24785 100644
--- a/src/include/access/tupmacs.h
+++ b/src/include/access/tupmacs.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #define TUPMACS_H
 
 #include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"	/* for TYPALIGN macros */
+#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
 
 
 /*
@@ -69,6 +70,87 @@ fetch_att(const void *T, bool attbyval, int attlen)
 	else
 		return PointerGetDatum(T);
 }
+
+#ifndef HAVE__BUILTIN_CTZ
+/*
+ * For returning the 0-based position of the right-most 0 bit of a uint8, or 8
+ * if all bits are 1 bits.
+ */
+static const uint8 pg_rightmost_zero_pos[256] = {
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 5,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 6,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 5,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 7,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 5,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 6,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 5,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 4,
+	0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 8
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * first_null_attr
+ *		Inspect a NULL bitmask from a tuple and return the 0-based attnum of the
+ *		first NULL attribute.  Returns natts if no NULLs were found.
+ *
+ * We expect that 'bits' contains at least one 0 bit somewhere in the mask,
+ * not necessarily < natts.
+ */
+static inline int
+first_null_attr(const bits8 *bits, int natts)
+{
+	int			lastByte = natts >> 3;
+	int			bytenum;
+	int			res;
+
+#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
+	int			firstnull_check = natts;
+
+	/* Do it the slow way and check we get the same answer. */
+	for (int i = 0; i < natts; i++)
+	{
+		if (att_isnull(i, bits))
+		{
+			firstnull_check = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/* Process all bytes up to just before the byte for the natts index */
+	for (bytenum = 0; bytenum < lastByte; bytenum++)
+	{
+		/* break if there's any NULL attrs (a 0 bit) */
+		if (bits[bytenum] != 0xFF)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	res = bytenum << 3;
+
+#ifdef HAVE__BUILTIN_CTZ
+	res += __builtin_ctz(~bits[bytenum]);
+#else
+	res += pg_rightmost_zero_pos[bits[bytenum]];
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Since we did no masking to mask out bits beyond natts, we may have
+	 * found a bit higher than natts, so we must cap to natts
+	 */
+	res = Min(res, natts);
+
+	Assert(res == firstnull_check);
+
+	return res;
+}
 #endif							/* FRONTEND */
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/include/executor/tuptable.h b/src/include/executor/tuptable.h
index a2dfd707e78..363c5f33697 100644
--- a/src/include/executor/tuptable.h
+++ b/src/include/executor/tuptable.h
@@ -84,9 +84,6 @@
  * tts_values/tts_isnull are allocated either when the slot is created (when
  * the descriptor is provided), or when a descriptor is assigned to the slot;
  * they are of length equal to the descriptor's natts.
- *
- * The TTS_FLAG_SLOW flag is saved state for
- * slot_deform_heap_tuple, and should not be touched by any other code.
  *----------
  */
 
@@ -98,12 +95,8 @@
 #define			TTS_FLAG_SHOULDFREE		(1 << 2)
 #define TTS_SHOULDFREE(slot) (((slot)->tts_flags & TTS_FLAG_SHOULDFREE) != 0)
 
-/* saved state for slot_deform_heap_tuple */
-#define			TTS_FLAG_SLOW		(1 << 3)
-#define TTS_SLOW(slot) (((slot)->tts_flags & TTS_FLAG_SLOW) != 0)
-
 /* fixed tuple descriptor */
-#define			TTS_FLAG_FIXED		(1 << 4)
+#define			TTS_FLAG_FIXED		(1 << 4)	/* XXX change to #3? */
 #define TTS_FIXED(slot) (((slot)->tts_flags & TTS_FLAG_FIXED) != 0)
 
 struct TupleTableSlotOps;
-- 
2.51.0



  [text/plain] v6-0003-Introduce-deform_bench-test-module.patch (7.2K, 6-v6-0003-Introduce-deform_bench-test-module.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From 0b846521934c7fb273c26675c5054ea2990366d1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Rowley <[email protected]>
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 2026 15:08:09 +1300
Subject: [PATCH v6 3/3] Introduce deform_bench test module

For benchmaring tuple deformation.
---
 src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore      |   4 +
 src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile        |  21 ++++
 .../deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql        |   8 ++
 src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c  | 105 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control |   4 +
 src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build     |  22 ++++
 src/test/modules/meson.build                  |   1 +
 7 files changed, 165 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control
 create mode 100644 src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build

diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5dcb3ff9723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Generated subdirectories
+/log/
+/results/
+/tmp_check/
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b5fc0f7a583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# src/test/modules/deform_bench/Makefile
+
+MODULE_big = deform_bench
+OBJS = deform_bench.o
+
+EXTENSION = deform_bench
+DATA = deform_bench--1.0.sql
+PGFILEDESC = "deform_bench - tuple deform benchmarking"
+
+REGRESS = deform_bench
+
+ifdef USE_PGXS
+PG_CONFIG = pg_config
+PGXS := $(shell $(PG_CONFIG) --pgxs)
+include $(PGXS)
+else
+subdir = src/test/modules/deform_bench
+top_builddir = ../..
+include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
+include $(top_srcdir)/contrib/contrib-global.mk
+endif
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..492b71dba3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench--1.0.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+/* deform_bench--1.0.sql */
+
+-- complain if script is sourced in psql, rather than via CREATE EXTENSION
+\echo Use "CREATE EXTENSION deform_bench" to load this file. \quit
+
+CREATE FUNCTION deform_bench(tableoid Oid, attnum int[]) RETURNS FLOAT
+AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME', 'deform_bench'
+LANGUAGE C VOLATILE STRICT;
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..895ff3f4222
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.c
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * deform_bench.c
+ *
+ * for benchmarking tuple deformation routines
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+#include "access/heapam.h"
+#include "access/relscan.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_am_d.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_type_d.h"
+#include "funcapi.h"
+#include "miscadmin.h"
+#include "utils/array.h"
+#include "utils/arrayaccess.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(deform_bench);
+
+Datum
+deform_bench(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Oid		tableoid = PG_GETARG_OID(0);
+	ArrayType *array = PG_GETARG_ARRAYTYPE_P(1);
+	TableScanDesc scan;
+	Relation	rel;
+	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
+	TupleTableSlot *slot;
+	Datum *elem_datums = NULL;
+	bool *elem_nulls = NULL;
+	int elem_count;
+	int *attnums;
+	clock_t start, end;
+
+	rel = relation_open(tableoid, AccessShareLock);
+
+	if (rel->rd_rel->relam != HEAP_TABLE_AM_OID)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+				 errmsg("only heap AM is supported")));
+
+	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
+	slot = MakeTupleTableSlot(tupdesc, &TTSOpsBufferHeapTuple);
+	scan = table_beginscan_strat(rel, GetActiveSnapshot(), 0, NULL, true, false);
+
+	/*
+	 * The array is used to allow callers to define how many atts to deform.
+	 * e.g: '{1,10}'::int[] would deform attnum=1, then in a 2nd pass deform
+	 * the remainder up to attnum=10.  Passing an element as NULL means all
+	 * attnums.  This allows simulation of incremental deformation.  Generally
+	 * if you're passing an array with more than 1 element, then the array
+	 * should be in ascending order.  Doing something like '{10,1}' would mean
+	 * we've already deformed 10 attributes and on the 2nd pass there's
+	 * nothing to do since attnum=1 was already deformed in the first pass.
+	 *
+	 * You'll get an ERROR if you pass a number higher than the number of
+	 * attributes in the table.
+	 */
+	deconstruct_array(array,
+					  INT4OID,
+					  sizeof(int32),
+					  true,
+					  'i',
+					  &elem_datums,
+					  &elem_nulls,
+					  &elem_count);
+
+	attnums = palloc_array(int, elem_count);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++)
+	{
+		/* Make a NULL element mean all attributes */
+		if (elem_nulls[i])
+			attnums[i] = tupdesc->natts;
+		else
+			attnums[i] = DatumGetInt32(elem_datums[i]);
+	}
+
+	start = clock();
+
+	while (heap_getnextslot(scan, ForwardScanDirection, slot))
+	{
+		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
+
+		/* Deform in stages according to the attnums array */
+		for (int i = 0; i < elem_count; i++)
+			slot_getsomeattrs_int(slot, attnums[i]);
+	}
+
+	ExecDropSingleTupleTableSlot(slot);
+	table_endscan(scan);
+	relation_close(rel, AccessShareLock);
+
+	end = clock();
+
+	/* Returns the number of milliseconds to run the test */
+	PG_RETURN_FLOAT8((double) (end - start) / (CLOCKS_PER_SEC / 1000));
+}
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2023f9d738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/deform_bench.control
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# deform_bench extension
+comment = 'functions for benchmarking tuple deformation'
+default_version = '1.0'
+module_pathname = '$libdir/deform_bench'
diff --git a/src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..82049585244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/modules/deform_bench/meson.build
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2026, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+deform_bench_sources = files(
+  'deform_bench.c',
+)
+
+if host_system == 'windows'
+  deform_bench_sources += rc_lib_gen.process(win32ver_rc, extra_args: [
+    '--NAME', 'deform_bench',
+    '--FILEDESC', 'deform_bench - benchmarking tuple deformation',])
+endif
+
+deform_bench = shared_module('deform_bench',
+  deform_bench_sources,
+  kwargs: pg_test_mod_args,
+)
+test_install_libs += deform_bench
+
+test_install_data += files(
+  'deform_bench--1.0.sql',
+  'deform_bench.control',
+)
diff --git a/src/test/modules/meson.build b/src/test/modules/meson.build
index 2634a519935..ef2b0af4581 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/meson.build
+++ b/src/test/modules/meson.build
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 subdir('brin')
 subdir('commit_ts')
+subdir('deform_bench')
 subdir('delay_execution')
 subdir('dummy_index_am')
 subdir('dummy_seclabel')
-- 
2.51.0



  [application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet] Deform_bench_test_module_results_2026-01-28.xlsx (29.8K, 7-Deform_bench_test_module_results_2026-01-28.xlsx)
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  To: [email protected]
  Cc: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
  Subject: Re: More speedups for tuple deformation
  In-Reply-To: <CAApHDvo1i-ycAcWnK3L7ZASTuM8mW46kvRqMaUHD46HSuJmx7A@mail.gmail.com>

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