MIME-Version: 1.0
From: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2025 16:06:36 +0800
Message-ID: 
 <CAEoWx2mMorbMwjKbT4YCsjDyL3r9Mp+z0bbK57VZ+OkJTgJQVQ@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Improve logical replication usability when tables lack primary keys
To: Postgres hackers <pgsql-hackers@lists.postgresql.org>
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* BACKGROUND

This requirement comes from several users operating large deployments,
particularly in HIS (Hospital Information Systems). The situation can be
summarized as follows:

- A central DB operations team maintains the main database and configures
logical replication for all tables.
- Multiple third-party application vendors are allowed to create new tables
in that database.
- Some of these newly created tables lack a primary key. Since logical
replication with `REPLICATION IDENTITY DEFAULT` requires a primary key,
such tables silently fail to replicate.
- The DB operations team must then spend significant effort identifying the
affected tables and correcting them manually.

In practice, these environments would benefit from a safe fallback: if a
table has no primary key, logical replication should automatically switch
from `REPLICATION IDENTITY DEFAULT` to `FULL`, ensuring replication
continues rather than breaking.

I don't intend to debate whether this operational model is ideal; it is
simply the reality in many deployments. These database operations teams
have developed and refined their practices over many years, and as a
database vendor we have limited influence over how they manage their
environments.

* PROPOSED SOLUTION

I evaluated a few approaches and am proposing the following:

- Introduce a new GUC: `logical_replication_fallback_to_full_identity`.
- When enabled, if a table being logically replicated has no primary key,
the system automatically uses `REPLICATION IDENTITY FULL` for that table.
- This setting can be applied at the database level, so large systems do
not need to enable it cluster-wide unless desired.
- When the WAL sender transmits relation metadata, if fallback has
occurred, it explicitly reports `FULL` as the replication identity to the
subscriber, so there is limited impact on the subscriber.

* NEXT STEPS

The attached patch is an initial implementation. It does not yet include
tests or documentation updates. I would appreciate feedback on the design
approach first. If the direction seems reasonable, I will proceed with
refining the patch and adding documentation and tests.

Thanks in advance for your review.

Best regards,
--
Chao Li (Evan)
HighGo Software Co., Ltd.
https://www.highgo.com/

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"line-break:after-white-space"><=
div>* BACKGROUND</div><div><br></div><div>This requirement comes from sever=
al users operating large deployments, particularly in HIS (Hospital Informa=
tion Systems). The situation can be summarized as follows:</div><div><br></=
div><div>- A central DB operations team maintains the main database and con=
figures logical replication for all tables.</div><div>- Multiple third-part=
y application vendors are allowed to create new tables in that database.</d=
iv><div>- Some of these newly created tables lack a primary key. Since logi=
cal replication with `REPLICATION IDENTITY DEFAULT` requires a primary key,=
 such tables silently fail to replicate.</div><div>- The DB operations team=
 must then spend significant effort identifying the affected tables and cor=
recting them manually.</div><div><br></div><div>In practice, these environm=
ents would benefit from a safe fallback: if a table has no primary key, log=
ical replication should automatically switch from `REPLICATION IDENTITY DEF=
AULT` to `FULL`, ensuring replication continues rather than breaking.</div>=
<div><br></div><div>I don&#39;t intend to debate whether this operational m=
odel is ideal; it is simply the reality in many deployments. These database=
 operations teams have developed and refined their practices over many year=
s, and as a database vendor we have limited influence over how they manage =
their environments.<br></div><div><br></div><div>* PROPOSED SOLUTION</div><=
div><br></div><div>I evaluated a few approaches and am proposing the follow=
ing:</div><div><br></div><div>- Introduce a new GUC: `logical_replication_f=
allback_to_full_identity`.</div><div>- When enabled, if a table being logic=
ally replicated has no primary key, the system automatically uses `REPLICAT=
ION IDENTITY FULL` for that table.</div><div>- This setting can be applied =
at the database level, so large systems do not need to enable it cluster-wi=
de unless desired.</div><div>- When the WAL sender transmits relation metad=
ata, if fallback has occurred, it explicitly reports `FULL` as the replicat=
ion identity to the subscriber, so there is limited impact on the subscribe=
r.</div><div><br></div><div>* NEXT STEPS</div><div><br></div><div>The attac=
hed patch is an initial implementation. It does not yet include tests or do=
cumentation updates. I would appreciate feedback on the design approach fir=
st. If the direction seems reasonable, I will proceed with refining the pat=
ch and adding documentation and tests.</div><div><br></div><div>Thanks in a=
dvance for your review.</div><div><br></div><div>Best regards,<br><div id=
=3D"m_967815410931703166AppleMailSignature">
<div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-alig=
n:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing=
:0px;text-decoration:none;line-break:after-white-space"><div>--</div><div>C=
hao Li (Evan)<br>HighGo Software Co., Ltd.<br><a href=3D"https://www.highgo=
.com/" target=3D"_blank">https://www.highgo.com/</a></div><div><br></div></=
div><br><br>

</div>

<br></div></div></div>

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