public inbox for [email protected]  
help / color / mirror / Atom feed
From: Dilip Kumar <[email protected]>
To: Nisha Moond <[email protected]>
Cc: vignesh C <[email protected]>
Cc: Amit Kapila <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Smith <[email protected]>
Cc: shveta malik <[email protected]>
Cc: Masahiko Sawada <[email protected]>
Cc: Bharath Rupireddy <[email protected]>
Cc: PostgreSQL Hackers <[email protected]>
Cc: shveta malik <[email protected]>
Subject: Re: Proposal: Conflict log history table for Logical Replication
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2026 12:55:22 +0530
Message-ID: <CAFiTN-v5ZJu6pLts269oyPzCGPVQKscOPyLw60UOBGB6yMmSYQ@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <CABdArM7+rHeod_Rt2AFVV-CmgHK0uOg7tsonY4GPxq9=9ZwX4w@mail.gmail.com>
References: <CAFiTN-u5D5o_AGNbHRZHaOqAMWkxLf+hSk_r9X3gv6HbLOB5+g@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALj2ACViThGQDYi-yeqUeHqG2Pozn2AiyvtDtjE6zhhbM0KsEA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1+44b3vd_OWfiaVNtjf5Njb5cek09pmKRmttBByeg0NoA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-v3L0WacCDx5dkOSonaZQbJfstXL4HrCPD1ahRdUsRnSg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALj2ACW63uuxh0fSoxEAF8OMWhz1dJKSkp268WJDzf5BUqCf5g@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-s9WWLOhW1TO27NtJwGf0bh2+MWyp3NEkZFeN_S5_p_rA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1LxnsEx5sMbQkK5MHAgXKPROMQXQ0n=fKMwz+UsfKQaMQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAD21AoDj+c4LXf2y4ESR-gVyv9d8V0G4R8R9pn-PcmT5zPzYcg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1KokmAwNOL6bS-ip_E3F96PiQTjC4j-M+5vD1T6uUyi3Q@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vFKE8E_N6h+peX9DP92mxCeFdm5A9Esn4DkLmNcZ-dOA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-shLYf-fOTQ_dBf3Xfx05gxs_8d93MHZXyyz6w2Bg5geQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-tEgkKQHUikn6iBFCYf7XOObR7ncUq=OVh7WEk=6P4ymw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-tQiakd8m+-d6WN6RpJXSv_JcropZ2oGzme4d1JudQhYg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uDKbYWt+YPADj=4fHEvrGEWgnG1n_YsiGT_EZiZf0VSAw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-t82BiXen+HfdR9jZyOpuSO92xonnUK=khXsiZWBfOxMA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uAu2paxGAEffD=vaBTW9Jqbtxxawb8K8FgiASfeKPnGog@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uC0ZWgHOivJ102A1fMkppwK3RuSMafRPKyjwkmJrjhVUw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vFV9-zajrwjYHYyFnyQsooOAXW4CpxB5f-iT3APjOtoQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uBeU1dZgaqsSVKc=P=EVUKxRgVuHR8jDXFL-HLibbE-kQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1+FOkOxhzVLAnDymoNjp4i98H-L1+ZsWDgJEv-ndnTzTA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-sVK6Bp+BawCJU_WpAXQSTX4OkKmce5EE4YNBgD-XSjZw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1LbjV0bctib9wUnBpEkC+2rZFPnGuRtrKuc5AtUAzum+A@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vq50N3QP9p3_SH+tJ8Pn=uRDb0X4qEcQZYcGW9AX88rQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-u3+zRGPESP5kUUfa6NxaWh1HL-gd1225KJ0Uvzi1urow@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1L4iNk6mNTC83PbYrRfUdtivH4U961PkdFfOO7mvc=USg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-v+Mh64UfR5zb5rwgyGm6HS80XRSZ_XeaWkg8=+s9o3Kg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-s3ZFHteQsiC3H4=AjTWxuwN-w69XQ3xL5X6YOMTua4pA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uDe724nY59j-8hMapZ_Fru1Wo-NucF4Ea1B3Jrw=+J+UQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-uR=86L_5tyiA7n73EXCSCuDfQKfL5O=c8n7zZom8_ONQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAD21AoDfOS-J0M9WbM3D20eGbSPzbfLQ-9XoYkxO4AZ9twqyvg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vMTg2X7vwfHLr5Gvy8ViV63_iaEcpHmM8V5GpA9-u8cg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1+b2Ws0e_ZYJsgZAPn7VWndxAK_YM_QMKcfXst3e7F6Jg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-v6hFKMPrSyTBsz=AtEETYMbOxrqvhZJsPQqKgQc4WCLw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1KV3rYkaxys5fh-PtE9kq5xrFbiaRpOSPoRgQG494ek+g@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-utvu=QjY1QQ1a_TvkpkpvesMWo9M8wTFYLaOTPdpOJvw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1+HoSOEqNwT3twArPNx4_D7hSUoEg2LnYhX8n9iUwhXgQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-tqmsfW0Sk=1RhzuduxqLrf9KEc8VOvBae+4aYxWTJwuA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1JmCQ=DHe3HsqpX+P3mGDUd_Z7E7oAxdstK6822W6tuCw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-uE4eAUYewuq3c5deAt3TtVork+H6rkUHRv68cOGr5rmQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-sJbhPX+LbA8YuQeYJpfGA2XA+OKXf8jCm04RoJOyzLvw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uBPOyWj9itFjHzGXfrUuYS8KGmAvgdcV_9FPjWZ0EZz_w@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-s=iLE4qM4qmw9yXKqW09R_c_HqaSGeZXJ2EaTVfXss+g@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1KYo0vZpPSRc_4gVpa06-J39gxjs3tHFyckgkBfYJSfFA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vrKc6OWzrg6yvpwYcj79k=zkrDp3uwiZzjwrWLJAq6tw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1LmvrfEgn1NUZZ=E3yMCjQdNZ5=_SBEry73-EmF6jM_PQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vjfub5b3PqPQzfOw9BSjm8jt28ott+Hoz9CrRxJHzYkg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-v=ANapYvRK+SOy2wJb4CSuD6Vb6_bTGuReM9Dv+3tucA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm1zEYoSdf2Ns-=UJRw95E5sbfpB0oaNUWtRJN27Q1Knhw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm3USsXVNBsfdpkp60HVgrTV4taWMk1xZYNBa7QUF=V0jg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-sNg9ghLNkB2Kn0SwBGOub9acc99XZZU_d5NAcyW-yrEg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uAF3EYcYdpTHdKMeXfvaPbNvnWrZUATrSLL1hqjao=33A@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-uikggCKp2LscTorKY5d3KF9j93DW0xebDcRX86G+ZsSw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uDaOoVK8S3_xxTAcTDpfK1AY7tApw7nPOZG_gUz+DMi=Q@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1+AdeC5B9xrAXSKWGtTh-0d8xdD=fZttmOBm+c8o8thAQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-skBQAeuzuUd+PDK0Gqc8g+4x9ypBMwJhOrmW8ZCFKGSA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uCdrsW5T+okq7xTOVxagje7FW3DOeY5B0CGKYa5VqF_tQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-u+_mFj9caYYFO7=_YHFXk5y=vvOm2H2=5hctYktmAVGA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm1aivk9KgQ5daeF6YZzuE+0wWc2yb7wb6qikNyvfPN0Sg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uD6fTEUYJx3+yDbvB=VW7c5AaGoeSd7iwHdYYO=kYGn3g@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm2YOOdJ25X1sJ+DYz37K6Qi4g0ZNFHb_pQMF9UqancnEA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAHut+PtMS5bENS0DVtBj+s3kUEOq61+hSkqLODjFB78egB0imQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-s_M83sfs+MHHbUrMesjsCPN4JWxY5MChCEiY1U-u7=9g@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vj8NTm9w_L2XdhxJCub_RZw__YVUgfXa1B1kJzJctRNw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uBDLnfhuSiev8W9ZMFNTzUmqhds2dKayUpLoN-z1dtsLA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-uL9f0X+=Ep4BbAPvaTJA7S4XHM--G4BsnPJw4uJW7EGQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uDG=t-y_m8t1zpBzfz9viP3K8dyQgkruaraVT85UtTkrg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-tR8Rhs8uhfbck0Ac4dd1MopvvYgjK39nWyNXRp9Z3Qww@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1Kf15UpNmpTTE2XyX=9PE_oTpOoy5xqg3rFWbxwwP4Rbg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-tNqb0vjuadDz-as67ksSXa=aEK+JW=4b54RVmkUK1m2Q@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vDCxx6ydUFo59L8qNBbierg4as3TGPPiavR7UZjYurzA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAHut+PsWms218ENALnytLEV4NpxjOrAYhChLDaMaeE65-vNgrQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-v9i9RmDvdUmtMUow4=b+nr0k7LKMyEQ+6ZF=EVdfBhBA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm2YTKwPDjt9OV49RgM0zbkWhMhNu228bj_7f+zzcPb-ew@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-t_4XvofM3an-WmykqnPE+9wf9U+o2M7p1CWd9eXkN88Q@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAHut+PuaqNDfDu_3xkZR4OYxw-B7ew_WjpLXCBvMcSBJz2K6Xg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-uqNN9S_hRuda_th5MEpywa15g+XO00yM6tNJ-spGRRJw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CABdArM6QxXatkGefTHy__HgaYHBvbKesffeXzT8Vn-kvcvGK4w@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-tgMWr=TGPhs9BxaPuSC_jhM7sJJ4fHedE5W6=h40jLfA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CABdArM5fgzfyC2mH3YGB8t8cJBHWqAG1BS6rJMk7mX-8=9d=Cg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CABdArM568KF4WXdFX_aZkCiDK8R71Wpep0gC2a+cV8BMobwkrg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vQ0tu18BD3UmKPb0rzZyFMQAVgGbdpMA8iYLX7PZOqOA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm20PDtmG2E3qaTC+YuL5twv+c9k573wL3sb=OwgmZphxQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1LhOHa_TEznw+gFoq+w0vMvvsDG2g9Xq8Mwa8xZMY73og@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vPDqrQ2rHykNgd+groFxqwBYFQF97R-Co2EmtUkV6MTg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vsd=wNiEPXPQhZnipAb--+mBUC01M-pcjBjbRockgCUA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uCjSq_gUCJBfURhqtB6bLvkKSUL-sVXpaGKjEapv5+t+Q@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-uZ-LaStAY3NuCY-nb7GCB9joiHX7HtHEMseJ0xfnqVSg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-vhJxRW5NQ628oidnk0KtHwKt11dW9-+vxqpXLTgjiYiA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm1cJURibYKY4+DuNosjM72C9oGheUF-roMyff__+AsKBw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAJpy0uD1_77TDAFc4jE-94X-WUus7Q3gGU0pXfC+Tticq1hFvA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1LFcSc4XCj4mU-cv27F_6n6=+ehJ=YAsAnyBbz4Sv_tVg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-s5ZtjXKrSbam7TNWJ9Ax-kCancXcestAnx2by7dK0-UA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-u=Da32mXyz8jocEGtuLSG4ccXXj_aEzUTPp2zkLb3MVA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm1qY5e0thfsDB2uWXqZn4hgTWTxiUDwcF1hWA-jodsKYg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm1nFtv3dtdRdbqWo2Rf_av7XbxDfK1Orqjcqs_Su_cLRQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CABdArM7R498qC5Fr42aU_q-2Sc5QsT4dyKgmO_f6Uy=8oCAFXA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-sRZ+Z_9B3ue2L4zkbcfmPjjcAjcR1C+px1PyAs+HGsSg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-sdcjf9xJ2M-=ab5e4y662tTmFFiP4gHL44tC9PcQozcw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm2WNjaNxUijVkvT6y69D62rfCu8OMwU-Pf-84un2r_=ig@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAHut+PvEP5uUR13xJ3gbNKGU49=Rg32DXMGZ2wL9jTcKHyN_=Q@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm3Jb5AQTsFJFxYZZJCaheT7qToCZkEALfW-vsMMFxjOyQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAHut+PtQn5U9i00qvBmjo0KBxyb+ZmBb38NzF91KnX4J86Jg_g@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm1a1gzy0L38U394_4OFwGUS8ALgSONYj++VLimY0g9piQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CABdArM5X63AdtS99QKGjVijUd_Q_dV8QUDSo4nTHKJjn3JwtAg@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAA4eK1+h=QV4Zi=PW8Zt2D6be5ki5Mu2HgdXcfUophptx6Mt_A@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-s-tuxar9Dp5He0CFa1pzfy1fmiwcBj6PtwD0hDodE5ng@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-sx=k+Th=uYsrLcS6YMZbPVi9Wrggn1w2Nzf9MLEU7YRQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-u5pcgAhXyJgj+p7-xmShtp0i8xA000tzjCLFQp_zMXUA@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-tRpS7b3qFqckqFtHETj0jyzj-8SxC1arjfwf-hQd47PQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CABdArM5Ka_m_GWhL_zZbeDPKmL-Wezwb4A-NHnO-v-fRDuhA-Q@mail.gmail.com>
	<CAFiTN-sqEMAbZ2pTt=zMa=918NV7HVeXF4bCOF+swtzKnTy5yQ@mail.gmail.com>
	<CALDaNm0WX0Vqoy2UQZh-2TpWraf4OYn28kWe9aGR=vxKwLA+bw@mail.gmail.com>
	<CABdArM7+rHeod_Rt2AFVV-CmgHK0uOg7tsonY4GPxq9=9ZwX4w@mail.gmail.com>

On Wed, Jun 3, 2026 at 3:25 PM Nisha Moond <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> On Wed, Jun 3, 2026 at 10:11 AM vignesh C <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > On Tue, 2 Jun 2026 at 10:51, Dilip Kumar <[email protected]> wrote:
> > >
> > > PFA, latest version of patch
> > >
> > > Changes:
> > > 1. Includes Nisha's suggestion from v43_comments_nisha.patch
> > > 2. Include Amit's suggestion from v43-0001_amit.1.patch
> > > 3. Include Amit's suggestion: change GetLogDestination to
> > > GetConflictLogDest(), drop_sub_conflict_log_table() to
> > > drop_sub_conflict_log_table(), CONFLICTS_LOGGED_TO_FILE to
> > > CONFLICTS_LOGGED_TO_LOG and renamed IsConflictNamespace() to
> > > IsConflictLogTableNamespace()
> > > 4. Include Vignesh's fix Parallel_apply_failure.patch
> > > 5. Change conflict log table name back to conflict_log_table_<subid>
> > > 6. Changed acl to exclude INSERT/UPDATE/USAGE as it was there in initial patch
> > > 7. Merged 0002 to 0001 and 0004 to 0003 after review
> > >
> > > Open
> > > 1. Vignesh please rebase upgrade and \dRs+ page
> >
> > Here is the rebased version of the upgrade and \dRs patch which is
> > present in v45-0003 and v45-0004. There is no change in v45-0001 and
> > v45-0002, they are the same patch as in [1].
>
> Thanks for the updated patches, please find my comments on the v44
> patches below. These appear to apply to v45-001 and v45-002 as well,
> as both are unchanged.
>
> 1) The patches require a catversion bump. It may be worth adding it
> now so it does not get missed later during commit.

Yeah we can do this

>
> 2) As ProcessPendingConflictLogTuple() may perform a heap_insert, it
> could fail for various reasons, such as table access errors, write
> failures, WAL write failures, or ownership-related issues.
> I looked into the error handling when CLT insert fails:
>
> 2a) When disable_on_error = false
>
> /* Try to allocate a worker for the streaming transaction. */
> @@ -5666,6 +5674,7 @@ start_apply(XLogRecPtr origin_startpos)
>   */
>   AbortOutOfAnyTransaction();
>   pgstat_report_subscription_error(MySubscription->oid);
> + ProcessPendingConflictLogTuple();
>
>   PG_RE_THROW();
>   }
>
> If ProcessPendingConflictLogTuple() fails, PG_RE_THROW() is never
> reached, so the original conflict error is lost and only the secondary
> CLT-related error is reported, e.g.:
>
>   ERROR:  could not open relation with OID 16421
>   LOG:  background worker "logical replication apply worker" exited
> with exit code 1
>
> If the failure persists, the apply worker will keep retrying and users
> may never see the actual conflict error. The same concern applies to
> the parallel worker case too.
>
> Is there a clean way to ensure the original apply/conflict error is
> still logged even if ProcessPendingConflictLogTuple() itself fails?

Does this happening when destination is table or with all as well?

> ~~
>
> 2b) When disable_on_error = true i.e. DisableSubscriptionAndExit() path
>
> @@ -6040,6 +6049,8 @@ DisableSubscriptionAndExit(void)
>   */
>   pgstat_report_subscription_error(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid);
>
> + ProcessPendingConflictLogTuple();
> +
>   /* Disable the subscription */
>   StartTransactionCommand();
>
> This introduces a potential failure point before the subscription is
> disabled. If ProcessPendingConflictLogTuple() fails, the subscription
> may never be disabled and the worker could repeatedly hit the same
> error.
>
> Would it be safer to move ProcessPendingConflictLogTuple() until after
> the subscription has been disabled, so that disabling the subscription
> is not dependent on successful CLT processing?

Yeah, I think it make sense, I don't see obvious issue with moving it
after disabling the subscription.

>
> 2c) When "conflict_log_destination = table" the log reports:
>
>   ERROR:  conflict detected on relation "public.t1": conflict=insert_exists
>   DETAIL:  Conflict details are logged to the conflict log table:
> pg_conflict_log_16403
>
> However, the subsequent CLT write can still fail:
>   ...
>   ERROR:  could not open relation with OID 16426
>   LOG:  background worker "logical replication apply worker" exited
> with exit code 1
>
> Since the CLT write has not yet occurred when this message is emitted,
> would it make sense to change it to:
>   "Conflict details will be logged to the conflict log table: ..."
>
> to avoid implying that the logging has already succeeded?

IMHO "Conflict details are logged to the conflict log table" doesn't
mean a conflict has been logged to the table; what I interpret from
this message is that conflict logging to the table is enabled.

> ~~~
>
> 3) The v45-002 commit message still refers to the old conflict log
> table name, pg_conflict.pg_conflict_log_for_subid_16396. It should be
> updated to pg_conflict_log_16396.
> ~~~
>
> 4) 035_conflicts.pl: I see that v45-002 has corrected the CLT name  in
> below test -
> +# Verify the contents of the Conflict Log Table (CLT)
> +# This section ensures that the CLT contains the expected
> +# type and specific key data.
> +my $subid = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
> + "SELECT oid FROM pg_subscription WHERE subname = 'sub_tab';");
> +my $clt = "pg_conflict.pg_conflict_log_$subid";
> +
> +# Wait for the conflict to be logged in the CLT
> +my $log_check = $node_subscriber->poll_query_until(
> + 'postgres',
> + "SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM $clt;"
> +);
>
> I wonder why this wasn't caught in the v44 tests. It seems the check
> below is silently broken because poll_query_until() keeps retrying
> until timeout when the table does not exist.
> Should we replace it with an ok() test instead? something like -
>
> # Wait for the conflict to be logged in the CLT
> ok($node_subscriber->poll_query_until(
>     'postgres',
>     "SELECT count(*) > 0 FROM $clt;"),
>     'conflict appeared in CLT after insert');

Why would CLT not exist, IIUC this is positive test where we are
trying to validate the conflict data from CLT, no?


-- 
Regards,
Dilip Kumar
Google






view thread (100+ messages)  latest in thread

reply

Reply instructions:

You may reply publicly to this message via plain-text email
using any one of the following methods:

* Reply to all the recipients using the --to and --cc options:
  reply via email

  To: [email protected]
  Cc: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
  Subject: Re: Proposal: Conflict log history table for Logical Replication
  In-Reply-To: <CAFiTN-v5ZJu6pLts269oyPzCGPVQKscOPyLw60UOBGB6yMmSYQ@mail.gmail.com>

* Save the following mbox file, import it into your mail client,
  and reply-to-all from there: mbox

This inbox is served by agora; see mirroring instructions
for how to clone and mirror all data and code used for this inbox