MIME-Version: 1.0
From: Lukas Fittl <lukas@fittl.com>
Date: Sat, 4 Mar 2023 16:20:59 -0800
Message-ID: <CAP53Pky29GWAVVk3oBgKBDqhND0BRBN6yTPeguV_qSivFL5N_g@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Add estimated hit ratio to Memoize in EXPLAIN to explain cost adjustment
To: PostgreSQL Hackers <pgsql-hackers@lists.postgresql.org>
Cc: David Rowley <dgrowleyml@gmail.com>
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Hi,

I was debugging a planner problem on Postgres 14.4 the other day - and the
involved "bad" plan was including Memoize - though I don't necessarily
think that Memoize is to blame (and this isn't any of the problems recently
fixed in Memoize costing).

However, what I noticed whilst trying different ways to fix the plan, is
that the Memoize output was a bit hard to reason about - especially since
the plan involving Memoize was expensive to run, and so I was mostly
running EXPLAIN without ANALYZE to look at the costing.

Here is an example of the output I was looking at:

     ->  Nested Loop  (cost=1.00..971672.56 rows=119623 width=0)
           ->  Index Only Scan using table1_idx on table1
(cost=0.43..372676.50 rows=23553966 width=8)
           ->  Memoize  (cost=0.57..0.61 rows=1 width=8)
                 Cache Key: table1.table2_id
                 Cache Mode: logical
                 ->  Index Scan using table2_idx on table2
(cost=0.56..0.60 rows=1 width=8)
                       Index Cond: (id = table1.table2_id)

The other plan I was comparing with (that I wanted the planner to choose
instead), had a total cost of 1,451,807.35 -- and so I was trying to figure
out why the Nested Loop was costed as 971,672.56.

Simple math makes me expect the Nested Loop should roughly have a total
cost of14,740,595.76 here (372,676.50 + 23,553,966 * 0.61), ignoring a lot
of the smaller costs. Thus, in this example, it appears Memoize made the
plan cost significantly cheaper (roughly 6% of the regular cost).

Essentially this comes down to the "cost reduction" performed by Memoize
only being implicitly visible in the Nested Loop's total cost - and with
nothing useful on the Memoize node itself - since the rescan costs are not
shown.

I think explicitly adding the estimated cache hit ratio for Memoize nodes
might make this easier to reason about, like this:

->  Memoize  (cost=0.57..0.61 rows=1 width=8)
     Cache Key: table1.table2_id
     Cache Mode: logical
     Cache Hit Ratio Estimated: 0.94

Alternatively (or in addition) we could consider showing the "ndistinct"
value that is calculated in cost_memoize_rescan - since that's the most
significant contributor to the cache hit ratio (and you can influence that
directly by improving the ndistinct statistics).

See attached a patch that implements showing the cache hit ratio as a
discussion starter.

I'll park this in the July commitfest for now.

Thanks,
Lukas

-- 
Lukas Fittl

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Hi,</div><div><br></div><div>I was debugging a planne=
r problem on Postgres 14.4 the other day - and the involved &quot;bad&quot;=
 plan was including Memoize - though I don&#39;t necessarily think that Mem=
oize is to blame (and this isn&#39;t any of the problems recently fixed in =
Memoize costing).<br></div><div><br></div><div>However, what I noticed whil=
st trying different ways to fix the plan, is that the Memoize output was a =
bit hard to reason about - especially since the plan involving Memoize was =
expensive to run, and so I was mostly running EXPLAIN without ANALYZE to lo=
ok at the costing.</div><div><br></div><div>Here is an example of the outpu=
t I was looking at:</div><br><div>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0-&gt; =C2=A0Nested Lo=
op =C2=A0(cost=3D1.00..971672.56 rows=3D119623 width=3D0)<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0-&gt; =C2=A0Index Only Scan using table1_idx on =
table1=C2=A0 (cost=3D0.43..372676.50 rows=3D23553966 width=3D8)<br>=C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0-&gt; =C2=A0Memoize =C2=A0(cost=3D0.57..0=
.61 rows=3D1 width=3D8)<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=
 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Cache Key: table1.table2_id<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0Cache Mode: logical</div><div>=C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0 -&gt; =C2=A0Index Scan =
using table2_idx on table2=C2=A0 (cost=3D0.56..0.60 rows=3D1 width=3D8)<br>=
=C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=
=A0 =C2=A0Index Cond: (id =3D table1.table2_id)</div><div><br></div><div>Th=
e other plan I was comparing with (that I wanted the planner to choose inst=
ead), had a total cost of 1,451,807.35 -- and so I was trying to figure out=
 why the Nested Loop was costed as 971,672.56.</div><div><br></div><div>Sim=
ple math makes me expect the Nested Loop should roughly have a total cost o=
f14,740,595.76 here (372,676.50 + 23,553,966 * 0.61), ignoring a lot of the=
 smaller costs. Thus, in this example, it appears Memoize made the plan cos=
t significantly cheaper (roughly 6% of the regular cost).<br></div><div><br=
></div><div>Essentially this comes down to the &quot;cost reduction&quot; p=
erformed by Memoize only being implicitly visible in the Nested Loop&#39;s =
total cost - and with nothing useful on the Memoize node itself - since the=
 rescan costs are not shown.<br></div><div><br></div><div>I think explicitl=
y adding the estimated cache hit ratio for Memoize nodes might make this ea=
sier to reason about, like this:</div><div><br></div><div>-&gt; =C2=A0Memoi=
ze =C2=A0(cost=3D0.57..0.61 rows=3D1 width=3D8)<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0 Cach=
e Key: table1.table2_id<br>=C2=A0 =C2=A0=C2=A0 Cache Mode: logical<br></div=
><div>=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0=C2=A0 Cache Hit Ratio Estimated: 0.94<br></div><di=
v><br></div><div>Alternatively (or in addition) we could consider showing t=
he &quot;ndistinct&quot; value that is calculated in cost_memoize_rescan - =
since that&#39;s the most significant contributor to the cache hit ratio (a=
nd you can influence that directly by improving the ndistinct statistics).<=
br></div><div><br></div><div>See attached a patch that implements showing t=
he cache hit ratio as a discussion starter.<br></div><div><br></div><div>I&=
#39;ll park this in the July commitfest for now.<br></div><div><br></div><d=
iv>Thanks,</div><div>Lukas<br></div><div><br><span class=3D"gmail_signature=
_prefix">-- </span><br><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_signature" data-smar=
tmail=3D"gmail_signature"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div =
dir=3D"ltr">Lukas Fittl</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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