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From: [email protected] <[email protected]>
To: Amit Kapila <[email protected]>
To: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Cc: Peter Smith <[email protected]>
Cc: Dilip Kumar <[email protected]>
Cc: Masahiko Sawada <[email protected]>
Cc: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Cc: PostgreSQL Hackers <[email protected]>
Subject: RE: Perform streaming logical transactions by background workers and parallel apply
Date: Wed, 24 Aug 2022 13:47:15 +0000
Message-ID: <OS0PR01MB57166F15F4542FAE69A74EC094739@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <CAA4eK1++B2PFQiin2ZGMs_tszsQ=NJeKuj18-M4PEgckfEYqNA@mail.gmail.com>
References: <OS3PR01MB62758DBE8FA12BA72A43AC819EB89@OS3PR01MB6275.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com>
	<CAHut+Pu5ah+NhYMfb7KTbkYTxnuGY2j-7vT0G1MZZsS4SKiHew@mail.gmail.com>
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	<CAA4eK1++B2PFQiin2ZGMs_tszsQ=NJeKuj18-M4PEgckfEYqNA@mail.gmail.com>

On Friday, August 19, 2022 4:49 PM Amit Kapila <[email protected]>
> 
> On Thu, Aug 18, 2022 at 5:14 PM Amit Kapila <[email protected]>
> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Aug 17, 2022 at 11:58 AM [email protected]
> > <[email protected]> wrote:
> > >
> > > Attach the new patches.
> > >
> >
> > Few comments on v23-0001
> > =======================
> >
> 
> Some more comments on v23-0001
> ============================
> 1.
> static bool
>  handle_streamed_transaction(LogicalRepMsgType action, StringInfo s) { ...
> - /* not in streaming mode */
> - if (!in_streamed_transaction)
> + /* Not in streaming mode and not in apply background worker. */ if
> + (!(in_streamed_transaction || am_apply_bgworker()))
>   return false;
> 
> This check appears a bit strange because ideally in bgworker
> in_streamed_transaction should be false. I think we should set
> in_streamed_transaction to true in apply_handle_stream_start() only when we
> are going to write to file. Is there a reason for not doing the same?

No, I removed this.

> 2.
> + {
> + /* This is the main apply worker. */
> + ApplyBgworkerInfo *wstate = apply_bgworker_find(xid);
> +
> + /*
> + * Check if we are processing this transaction using an apply
> + * background worker and if so, send the changes to that worker.
> + */
> + if (wstate)
> + {
> + /* Send STREAM ABORT message to the apply background worker. */
> + apply_bgworker_send_data(wstate, s->len, s->data);
> 
> Why at some places the patch needs to separately fetch ApplyBgworkerInfo
> whereas at other places it directly uses stream_apply_worker to pass the data
> to bgworker.
> 3. Why apply_handle_stream_abort() or apply_handle_stream_prepare()
> doesn't use apply_bgworker_active() to identify whether it needs to send the
> information to bgworker?

I think stream_apply_worker is only valid between STREAM_START and STREAM_END,
But it seems it's not clear from the code. So I added some comments and slightly refactor
the code.


> 4. In apply_handle_stream_prepare(), apply_handle_stream_abort(), and some
> other similar functions, the patch handles three cases (a) apply background
> worker, (b) sending data to bgworker, (c) handling for streamed transaction in
> apply worker. I think the code will look better if you move the respective code
> for all three cases into separate functions. Surely, if the code to deal with each
> of the cases is less then we don't need to move it to a separate function.

Refactored and simplified.

> 5.
> @@ -1088,24 +1177,78 @@ apply_handle_stream_prepare(StringInfo s) { ...
> + in_remote_transaction = false;
> +
> + /* Unlink the files with serialized changes and subxact info. */
> + stream_cleanup_files(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, prepare_data.xid); } }
> 
>   in_remote_transaction = false;
> ...
> 
> We don't need to in_remote_transaction to false in multiple places.

Removed.

> 6.
> @@ -1177,36 +1311,93 @@ apply_handle_stream_start(StringInfo s) { ...
> ...
> + if (am_apply_bgworker())
>   {
> - MemoryContext oldctx;
> -
> - oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyContext);
> + /*
> + * Make sure the handle apply_dispatch methods are aware we're in a
> + * remote transaction.
> + */
> + in_remote_transaction = true;
> 
> - MyLogicalRepWorker->stream_fileset = palloc(sizeof(FileSet));
> - FileSetInit(MyLogicalRepWorker->stream_fileset);
> + /* Begin the transaction. */
> + AcceptInvalidationMessages();
> + maybe_reread_subscription();
> 
> - MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);
> + StartTransactionCommand();
> + BeginTransactionBlock();
> + CommitTransactionCommand();
>   }
> ...
> 
> Why do we need to start a transaction here? Why can't it be done via
> begin_replication_step() during the first operation apply? Is it because we may
> need to define a save point in bgworker and we don't that information
> beforehand? If so, then also, can't it be handled by
> begin_replication_step() either by explicitly passing the information or
> checking it there and then starting a transaction block? In any case, please add
> a few comments to explain why this separate handling is required for
> bgworker?

The transaction block is used to define the savepoint and I moved these
codes to the place where the savepoint is defined which looks better now.

> 7. When we are already setting bgworker status as APPLY_BGWORKER_BUSY in
> apply_bgworker_setup_dsm() then why do we need to set it again in
> apply_bgworker_start()?

Removed.

> 8. It is not clear to me how APPLY_BGWORKER_EXIT status is used. Is it required
> for the cases where bgworker exists due to some error and then apply worker
> uses it to detect that and exits? How other bgworkers would notice this, is it
> done via apply_bgworker_check_status()?

It was used to detect the unexpected exit of bgworker and I have changed the design
of this which is now similar to what we have in parallel query.

Attach the new version patch set(v24) which address above comments.
Besides, I added some logic which try to stop the bgworker at transaction end
if there are enough workers in the pool.

Best regards,
Hou zj


Attachments:

  [application/octet-stream] v24-0004-Retry-to-apply-streaming-xact-only-in-apply-work.patch (31.3K, ../OS0PR01MB57166F15F4542FAE69A74EC094739@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com/2-v24-0004-Retry-to-apply-streaming-xact-only-in-apply-work.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From 64b8d2a86e5001f5e10f2ada88be9ae16d7b16e4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "houzj.fnst" <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 24 Aug 2022 21:07:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v24 4/5] Retry to apply streaming xact only in apply worker

When the subscription parameter is set streaming=parallel, the logic tries to
apply the streaming transaction using an apply background worker. If this
fails the background worker exits with an error.

In this case, retry applying the streaming transaction using the normal
streaming=on mode. This is done to avoid getting caught in a loop of the same
retry errors.

A new flag field "subretry" has been introduced to catalog "pg_subscription".
If the subscriber exits with an error, this flag will be set true, and
whenever the transaction is applied successfully, this flag is reset false.
Now, when deciding how to apply a streaming transaction, the logic can know if
this transaction has previously failed or not (by checking the "subretry"
field).
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml                      |   9 ++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml       |   5 +
 src/backend/catalog/pg_subscription.c           |   1 +
 src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql            |   2 +-
 src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c         |   1 +
 src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c |  16 +-
 src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c        | 188 ++++++++++++++++++------
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c                       |   5 +-
 src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h           |   4 +
 src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl  | 134 ++++++++---------
 10 files changed, 237 insertions(+), 128 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 673c812..35335e6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -7919,6 +7919,15 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
 
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+       <structfield>subretry</structfield> <type>bool</type>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       True if the previous apply change failed, necessitating a retry
+      </para></entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>subconninfo</structfield> <type>text</type>
       </para>
       <para>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
index 47bcaa2..cb201a8 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
@@ -245,6 +245,11 @@ CREATE SUBSCRIPTION <replaceable class="parameter">subscription_name</replaceabl
           also be the unique column on the publisher-side; 2) there cannot be
           any non-immutable functions used by the subscriber-side replicated
           table.
+          When applying a streaming transaction, if either requirement is not
+          met, the background worker will exit with an error.
+          The <literal>parallel</literal> mode is disregarded when retrying;
+          instead the transaction will be applied using <literal>on</literal>
+          mode.
          </para>
         </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_subscription.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_subscription.c
index a506fc3..723b141 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_subscription.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_subscription.c
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ GetSubscription(Oid subid, bool missing_ok)
 	sub->stream = subform->substream;
 	sub->twophasestate = subform->subtwophasestate;
 	sub->disableonerr = subform->subdisableonerr;
+	sub->retry = subform->subretry;
 
 	/* Get conninfo */
 	datum = SysCacheGetAttr(SUBSCRIPTIONOID,
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 5a844b6..652d76f 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -1299,7 +1299,7 @@ REVOKE ALL ON pg_replication_origin_status FROM public;
 REVOKE ALL ON pg_subscription FROM public;
 GRANT SELECT (oid, subdbid, subskiplsn, subname, subowner, subenabled,
               subbinary, substream, subtwophasestate, subdisableonerr,
-              subslotname, subsynccommit, subpublications, suborigin)
+              subretry, subslotname, subsynccommit, subpublications, suborigin)
     ON pg_subscription TO public;
 
 CREATE VIEW pg_stat_subscription_stats AS
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c b/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
index 3dc03dc..ac92cbb 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
@@ -689,6 +689,7 @@ CreateSubscription(ParseState *pstate, CreateSubscriptionStmt *stmt,
 					 LOGICALREP_TWOPHASE_STATE_PENDING :
 					 LOGICALREP_TWOPHASE_STATE_DISABLED);
 	values[Anum_pg_subscription_subdisableonerr - 1] = BoolGetDatum(opts.disableonerr);
+	values[Anum_pg_subscription_subretry - 1] = BoolGetDatum(false);
 	values[Anum_pg_subscription_subconninfo - 1] =
 		CStringGetTextDatum(conninfo);
 	if (opts.slot_name)
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
index d35dd74..9d905c8 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
@@ -131,6 +131,18 @@ apply_bgworker_can_start(TransactionId xid)
 		return false;
 
 	/*
+	 * Don't use apply background workers for retries, because it is possible
+	 * that the last time we tried to apply a transaction using an apply
+	 * background worker the checks failed (see function
+	 * apply_bgworker_relation_check).
+	 */
+	if (MySubscription->retry)
+	{
+		elog(DEBUG1, "apply background workers are not used for retries");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
 	 * For streaming transactions that are being applied using apply background
 	 * worker, we cannot decide whether to apply the change for a relation that
 	 * is not in the READY state (see should_apply_changes_for_rel) as we won't
@@ -1019,7 +1031,5 @@ apply_bgworker_relation_check(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *rel)
 						"streaming = parallel"),
 				 errdetail("The unique column on subscriber is not the unique "
 						   "column on publisher or there is at least one "
-						   "non-immutable function."),
-				 errhint("Please change to use subscription parameter %s.",
-						"streaming = on")));
+						   "non-immutable function.")));
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
index b1d899c..f05715c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ static void store_flush_position(XLogRecPtr remote_lsn);
 
 static void maybe_reread_subscription(void);
 
-static void DisableSubscriptionAndExit(void);
+static void DisableSubscriptionOnError(void);
 
 static void apply_handle_commit_internal(LogicalRepCommitData *commit_data);
 static void apply_handle_insert_internal(ApplyExecutionData *edata,
@@ -377,6 +377,8 @@ static void clear_subscription_skip_lsn(XLogRecPtr finish_lsn);
 static inline void set_apply_error_context_xact(TransactionId xid, XLogRecPtr lsn);
 static inline void reset_apply_error_context_info(void);
 
+static void set_subscription_retry(bool retry);
+
 /*
  * Should this worker apply changes for given relation.
  *
@@ -930,6 +932,9 @@ apply_handle_commit(StringInfo s)
 
 	apply_handle_commit_internal(&commit_data);
 
+	/* Reset the retry flag. */
+	set_subscription_retry(false);
+
 	/* Process any tables that are being synchronized in parallel. */
 	process_syncing_tables(commit_data.end_lsn);
 
@@ -1039,6 +1044,9 @@ apply_handle_prepare(StringInfo s)
 
 	in_remote_transaction = false;
 
+	/* Reset the retry flag. */
+	set_subscription_retry(false);
+
 	/* Process any tables that are being synchronized in parallel. */
 	process_syncing_tables(prepare_data.end_lsn);
 
@@ -1089,6 +1097,9 @@ apply_handle_commit_prepared(StringInfo s)
 	store_flush_position(prepare_data.end_lsn);
 	in_remote_transaction = false;
 
+	/* Reset the retry flag. */
+	set_subscription_retry(false);
+
 	/* Process any tables that are being synchronized in parallel. */
 	process_syncing_tables(prepare_data.end_lsn);
 
@@ -1144,6 +1155,9 @@ apply_handle_rollback_prepared(StringInfo s)
 	store_flush_position(rollback_data.rollback_end_lsn);
 	in_remote_transaction = false;
 
+	/* Reset the retry flag. */
+	set_subscription_retry(false);
+
 	/* Process any tables that are being synchronized in parallel. */
 	process_syncing_tables(rollback_data.rollback_end_lsn);
 
@@ -1209,6 +1223,9 @@ apply_handle_stream_prepare(StringInfo s)
 		apply_bgworker_free(winfo);
 
 		store_flush_position(prepare_data.end_lsn);
+
+		/* Reset the retry flag. */
+		set_subscription_retry(false);
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -1227,6 +1244,9 @@ apply_handle_stream_prepare(StringInfo s)
 
 		/* Unlink the files with serialized changes and subxact info. */
 		stream_cleanup_files(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, prepare_data.xid);
+
+		/* Reset the retry flag. */
+		set_subscription_retry(false);
 	}
 
 	pgstat_report_stat(false);
@@ -1671,14 +1691,22 @@ apply_handle_stream_abort(StringInfo s)
 			apply_bgworker_wait_for(winfo, APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED);
 			apply_bgworker_free(winfo);
 		}
+
+		/* Reset the retry flag. */
+		set_subscription_retry(false);
 	}
 	else
+	{
 		/*
 		 * We are in main apply worker and the transaction has been
 		 * serialized to file.
 		 */
 		serialize_stream_abort(xid, subxid);
 
+		/* Reset the retry flag. */
+		set_subscription_retry(false);
+	}
+
 	reset_apply_error_context_info();
 }
 
@@ -1859,6 +1887,9 @@ apply_handle_stream_commit(StringInfo s)
 		 * subskiplsn.
 		 */
 		clear_subscription_skip_lsn(commit_data.commit_lsn);
+
+		/* Reset the retry flag. */
+		set_subscription_retry(false);
 	}
 	else
 	{
@@ -1872,6 +1903,9 @@ apply_handle_stream_commit(StringInfo s)
 
 		/* Unlink the files with serialized changes and subxact info. */
 		stream_cleanup_files(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, xid);
+
+		/* Reset the retry flag. */
+		set_subscription_retry(false);
 	}
 
 	/* Process any tables that are being synchronized in parallel. */
@@ -3919,20 +3953,28 @@ start_table_sync(XLogRecPtr *origin_startpos, char **myslotname)
 	}
 	PG_CATCH();
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Emit the error message, and recover from the error state to an idle
+		 * state
+		 */
+		HOLD_INTERRUPTS();
+
+		EmitErrorReport();
+		AbortOutOfAnyTransaction();
+		FlushErrorState();
+
+		RESUME_INTERRUPTS();
+
+		/* Report the worker failed during table synchronization */
+		pgstat_report_subscription_error(MySubscription->oid, false);
+
 		if (MySubscription->disableonerr)
-			DisableSubscriptionAndExit();
-		else
-		{
-			/*
-			 * Report the worker failed during table synchronization. Abort
-			 * the current transaction so that the stats message is sent in an
-			 * idle state.
-			 */
-			AbortOutOfAnyTransaction();
-			pgstat_report_subscription_error(MySubscription->oid, false);
+			DisableSubscriptionOnError();
 
-			PG_RE_THROW();
-		}
+		/* Set the retry flag. */
+		set_subscription_retry(true);
+
+		proc_exit(0);
 	}
 	PG_END_TRY();
 
@@ -3957,20 +3999,27 @@ start_apply(XLogRecPtr origin_startpos)
 	}
 	PG_CATCH();
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Emit the error message, and recover from the error state to an idle
+		 * state
+		 */
+		HOLD_INTERRUPTS();
+
+		EmitErrorReport();
+		AbortOutOfAnyTransaction();
+		FlushErrorState();
+
+		RESUME_INTERRUPTS();
+
+		/* Report the worker failed while applying changes */
+		pgstat_report_subscription_error(MySubscription->oid,
+										 !am_tablesync_worker());
+
 		if (MySubscription->disableonerr)
-			DisableSubscriptionAndExit();
-		else
-		{
-			/*
-			 * Report the worker failed while applying changes. Abort the
-			 * current transaction so that the stats message is sent in an
-			 * idle state.
-			 */
-			AbortOutOfAnyTransaction();
-			pgstat_report_subscription_error(MySubscription->oid, !am_tablesync_worker());
+			DisableSubscriptionOnError();
 
-			PG_RE_THROW();
-		}
+		/* Set the retry flag. */
+		set_subscription_retry(true);
 	}
 	PG_END_TRY();
 }
@@ -4232,39 +4281,20 @@ ApplyWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
 }
 
 /*
- * After error recovery, disable the subscription in a new transaction
- * and exit cleanly.
+ * Disable the subscription in a new transaction.
  */
 static void
-DisableSubscriptionAndExit(void)
+DisableSubscriptionOnError(void)
 {
-	/*
-	 * Emit the error message, and recover from the error state to an idle
-	 * state
-	 */
-	HOLD_INTERRUPTS();
-
-	EmitErrorReport();
-	AbortOutOfAnyTransaction();
-	FlushErrorState();
-
-	RESUME_INTERRUPTS();
-
-	/* Report the worker failed during either table synchronization or apply */
-	pgstat_report_subscription_error(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid,
-									 !am_tablesync_worker());
-
 	/* Disable the subscription */
 	StartTransactionCommand();
 	DisableSubscription(MySubscription->oid);
 	CommitTransactionCommand();
 
-	/* Notify the subscription has been disabled and exit */
+	/* Notify the subscription has been disabled */
 	ereport(LOG,
 			errmsg("logical replication subscription \"%s\" has been disabled due to an error",
 				   MySubscription->name));
-
-	proc_exit(0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4499,3 +4529,67 @@ reset_apply_error_context_info(void)
 	apply_error_callback_arg.remote_attnum = -1;
 	set_apply_error_context_xact(InvalidTransactionId, InvalidXLogRecPtr);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Set subretry of pg_subscription catalog.
+ *
+ * If retry is true, subscriber is about to exit with an error. Otherwise, it
+ * means that the transaction was applied successfully.
+ */
+static void
+set_subscription_retry(bool retry)
+{
+	Relation	rel;
+	HeapTuple	tup;
+	bool		started_tx = false;
+	bool		nulls[Natts_pg_subscription];
+	bool		replaces[Natts_pg_subscription];
+	Datum		values[Natts_pg_subscription];
+
+	/* Fast path - if no state change then nothing to do */
+	if (MySubscription->retry == retry)
+		return;
+
+	/* Fast path - skip for apply background workers */
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+		return;
+
+	if (!IsTransactionState())
+	{
+		StartTransactionCommand();
+		started_tx = true;
+	}
+
+	/* Look up the subscription in the catalog */
+	rel = table_open(SubscriptionRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
+	tup = SearchSysCacheCopy1(SUBSCRIPTIONOID,
+							  ObjectIdGetDatum(MySubscription->oid));
+
+	if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
+		elog(ERROR, "subscription \"%s\" does not exist", MySubscription->name);
+
+	LockSharedObject(SubscriptionRelationId, MySubscription->oid, 0,
+					 AccessShareLock);
+
+	/* Form a new tuple. */
+	memset(values, 0, sizeof(values));
+	memset(nulls, false, sizeof(nulls));
+	memset(replaces, false, sizeof(replaces));
+
+	/* Reset subretry */
+	values[Anum_pg_subscription_subretry - 1] = BoolGetDatum(retry);
+	replaces[Anum_pg_subscription_subretry - 1] = true;
+
+	tup = heap_modify_tuple(tup, RelationGetDescr(rel), values, nulls,
+							replaces);
+
+	/* Update the catalog. */
+	CatalogTupleUpdate(rel, &tup->t_self, tup);
+
+	/* Cleanup. */
+	heap_freetuple(tup);
+	table_close(rel, NoLock);
+
+	if (started_tx)
+		CommitTransactionCommand();
+}
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 46a3d01..426cb9f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -4507,8 +4507,9 @@ getSubscriptions(Archive *fout)
 	ntups = PQntuples(res);
 
 	/*
-	 * Get subscription fields. We don't include subskiplsn in the dump as
-	 * after restoring the dump this value may no longer be relevant.
+	 * Get subscription fields. We don't include subskiplsn and subretry in
+	 * the dump as after restoring the dump this value may no longer be
+	 * relevant.
 	 */
 	i_tableoid = PQfnumber(res, "tableoid");
 	i_oid = PQfnumber(res, "oid");
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h
index f4e1e94..0969b9f 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h
@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ CATALOG(pg_subscription,6100,SubscriptionRelationId) BKI_SHARED_RELATION BKI_ROW
 	bool		subdisableonerr;	/* True if a worker error should cause the
 									 * subscription to be disabled */
 
+	bool		subretry BKI_DEFAULT(f);	/* True if the previous apply change failed. */
+
 #ifdef CATALOG_VARLEN			/* variable-length fields start here */
 	/* Connection string to the publisher */
 	text		subconninfo BKI_FORCE_NOT_NULL;
@@ -131,6 +133,8 @@ typedef struct Subscription
 	bool		disableonerr;	/* Indicates if the subscription should be
 								 * automatically disabled if a worker error
 								 * occurs */
+	bool		retry;			/* Indicates if the previous apply change
+								 * failed. */
 	char	   *conninfo;		/* Connection string to the publisher */
 	char	   *slotname;		/* Name of the replication slot */
 	char	   *synccommit;		/* Synchronous commit setting for worker */
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl
index 05d3e86..01c231e 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl
@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ my $h = $node_publisher->background_psql('postgres', \$in, \$out, $timer,
 # ============================================================================
 # It is not allowed that the unique column in the relation on the
 # subscriber-side is not the unique column on the publisher-side. Check the
-# error reported by background worker in this case.
+# error reported by background worker in this case. And after retrying in
+# apply worker, we check if the data is replicated successfully.
 # ============================================================================
 
 # First we check the unique index on normal table.
@@ -106,6 +107,10 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? duplicate key value violates unique constraint "idx_tab1"/,
+	$offset);
+
 # Drop the unique index on the subscriber, now it works.
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "DROP INDEX idx_tab1");
 
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 my $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
-is($result, qq(5001), 'data replicated to subscriber after dropping index');
+is($result, qq(5001), 'data replicated to subscriber after dropping unique index to retry apply');
 
 # Clean up test data from the environment.
 $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1");
@@ -135,19 +140,21 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Drop the unique index on the subscriber, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "DROP INDEX test_tab_b_partition_idx");
-
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
-is($result, qq(5000), 'data replicated to subscriber after dropping index');
+is($result, qq(5000), 'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of unique index');
+
+# Drop the unique index on the subscriber.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "DROP INDEX test_tab_b_partition_idx");
 
 # ============================================================================
 # Triggers which execute non-immutable function are not allowed on the
 # subscriber side. Check the error reported by background worker in this case.
+# And after retrying in apply worker, we check if the data is replicated
+# successfully.
 # ============================================================================
 
 # First we check the trigger function on normal table.
@@ -168,17 +175,6 @@ CREATE TRIGGER tri_tab1_unsafe
 BEFORE INSERT ON public.test_tab1
 FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func_tab1_unsafe();
 ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER tri_tab1_unsafe;
-
-CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func_tab1_safe() RETURNS TRIGGER AS \$\$
-  BEGIN
-    RAISE NOTICE 'test for safe trigger function';
-	RETURN NEW;
-  END
-\$\$ language plpgsql;
-ALTER FUNCTION trigger_func_tab1_safe IMMUTABLE;
-CREATE TRIGGER tri_tab1_safe
-BEFORE INSERT ON public.test_tab1
-FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func_tab1_safe();
 });
 
 # Check the subscriber log from now on.
@@ -203,27 +199,25 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Using trigger with immutable function, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', qq{
-ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER tri_tab1_safe;
-DROP TRIGGER tri_tab1_unsafe ON public.test_tab1;
-});
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? duplicate key value violates unique constraint "idx_tab2"/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop the unique index on the subscriber, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "DROP INDEX idx_tab2");
 
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
-is($result, qq(2), 'data replicated to subscriber after using immutable expression');
+is($result, qq(2), 'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of trigger');
 
 # Clean up test data from the environment.
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql(
 	'postgres', qq{
-DROP INDEX idx_tab2;
-DROP TRIGGER tri_tab1_safe ON public.test_tab1;
+DROP TRIGGER tri_tab1_unsafe ON public.test_tab1;
 DROP function trigger_func_tab1_unsafe;
-DROP function trigger_func_tab1_safe;
 });
 $node_publisher->safe_psql(
 	'postgres', qq{
@@ -256,21 +250,22 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Drop the trigger on the subscriber, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"DROP TRIGGER insert_trig ON test_tab_partition");
-
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
-is($result, qq(0), 'data replicated to subscriber after dropping trigger');
+is($result, qq(0), 'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of trigger');
+
+# Drop the trigger on the subscriber.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"DROP TRIGGER insert_trig ON test_tab_partition");
 
 # ============================================================================
 # It is not allowed that column default value expression contains a
 # non-immutable function on the subscriber side. Check the error reported by
-# background worker in this case.
+# background worker in this case. And after retrying in apply worker, we check
+# if the data is replicated successfully.
 # ============================================================================
 
 # First we check the column default value expression on normal table.
@@ -308,17 +303,13 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Alter default values to immutable expression, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT 1");
-
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
 is($result, qq(5001),
-	'data replicated to subscriber after using immutable expression');
+	'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of column default value');
 
 # Clean up test data from the environment.
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP COLUMN b");
@@ -344,22 +335,23 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Drop default value on the subscriber, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition ALTER COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT");
-
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
 is($result, qq(5000),
-	'data replicated to subscriber after dropping default value expression');
+	'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of column default value');
+
+# Drop default value on the subscriber.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition ALTER COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT");
 
 # ============================================================================
 # It is not allowed that domain constraint expression contains a non-immutable
 # function on the subscriber side. Check the error reported by background
-# worker in this case.
+# worker in this case. And after retrying in apply worker, we check if the
+# data is replicated successfully.
 # ============================================================================
 
 # Because the column type of the partition table must be the same as its parent
@@ -400,17 +392,13 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Drop domain constraint expression, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER DOMAIN tmp_domain DROP CONSTRAINT domain_check");
-
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
 is($result, qq(5001),
-	'data replicated to subscriber after using immutable expression'
+	'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of domain'
 );
 
 # Clean up test data from the environment.
@@ -424,9 +412,10 @@ TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab2;
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 # ============================================================================
-# It is not allowed that constraint expression contains a non-immutable function
-# on the subscriber side. Check the error reported by background worker in this
-# case.
+# It is not allowed that constraint expression contains a non-immutable
+# function on the subscriber side. Check the error reported by background
+# worker in this case. And after retrying in apply worker, we check if the
+# data is replicated successfully.
 # ============================================================================
 
 # First we check the constraint expression on normal table.
@@ -459,23 +448,16 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Alter constraint expression to immutable expression, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', qq{
-ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP CONSTRAINT const_tab1_unsafe;
-ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ADD CONSTRAINT const_tab1_safe CHECK(a >= 0);
-});
-
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
 is($result, qq(5001),
-	'data replicated to subscriber after using immutable expression');
+	'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of constraint');
 
 # Clean up test data from the environment.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP CONSTRAINT const_tab1_safe");
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP CONSTRAINT const_tab1_unsafe");
 $node_publisher->safe_psql(
 	'postgres', qq{
 TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1;
@@ -498,21 +480,22 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Drop constraint on the subscriber, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab_con");
-
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
 is($result, qq(0),
-	'data replicated to subscriber after dropping constraint expression');
+	'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of constraint');
+
+# Drop constraint on the subscriber.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab_con");
 
 # ============================================================================
 # It is not allowed that foreign key on the subscriber side. Check the error
-# reported by background worker in this case.
+# reported by background worker in this case. And after retrying in apply
+# worker, we check if the data is replicated successfully.
 # ============================================================================
 
 # First we check the foreign key on normal table.
@@ -553,8 +536,8 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Drop the foreign key constraint on the subscriber, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab1fk");
+# Insert dependent data on the publisher, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab2 VALUES(1)");
 
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
@@ -562,9 +545,10 @@ $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
 is($result, qq(1),
-	'data replicated to subscriber after dropping the foreign key');
+	'data replicated to subscriber after retrying because of foreign key');
 
 # Clean up test data from the environment.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab1fk");
 $node_publisher->safe_psql(
 	'postgres', qq{
 TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1;
@@ -590,17 +574,17 @@ $node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
 	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
 	$offset);
 
-# Drop the foreign key constraint on the subscriber, now it works.
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab_patition_fk");
-
 # Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
 $node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 $result =
   $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
 is($result, qq(5000),
-	'data replicated to subscriber after dropping the foreign key');
+	'data replicated to subscribers after retrying because of foreign key');
+
+# Drop the foreign key constraint on the subscriber.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab_patition_fk");
 
 $node_subscriber->stop;
 $node_publisher->stop;
-- 
2.7.2.windows.1



  [application/octet-stream] v24-0001-Perform-streaming-logical-transactions-by-backgr.patch (125.4K, ../OS0PR01MB57166F15F4542FAE69A74EC094739@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com/3-v24-0001-Perform-streaming-logical-transactions-by-backgr.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From aaa75322540a306510a71f26cf2d6198ce90d42a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "houzj.fnst" <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 20 Apr 2022 16:45:07 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v24 1/5] Perform streaming logical transactions by background
 workers

Currently, for large transactions, the publisher sends the data in multiple
streams (changes divided into chunks depending upon logical_decoding_work_mem),
and then on the subscriber-side, the apply worker writes the changes into
temporary files and once it receives the commit, it reads from the file and
applies the entire transaction. To improve the performance of such
transactions, we can instead allow them to be applied via background workers.

In this approach, we assign a new apply background worker (if available) as
soon as the xact's first stream is received and the main apply worker will send
changes to this new worker via shared memory. The apply background worker will
directly apply the change instead of writing it to temporary files. We keep
this worker assigned till the transaction commit is received and also wait for
the worker to finish at commit. This preserves commit ordering and avoids
writing to and reading from file in most cases. We still need to spill if there
is no worker available.

This patch also extends the SUBSCRIPTION 'streaming' parameter so that the user
can control whether to apply the streaming transaction in an apply background
worker or spill the change to disk. The user can set the streaming parameter to
'on/off', 'parallel'. The parameter value 'parallel' means the streaming will
be applied via an apply background worker, if available. The parameter value
'on' means the streaming transaction will be spilled to disk. The default value
is 'off' (same as current behaviour).

In addition, the patch extends the logical replication STREAM_ABORT message so
that abort_time and abort_lsn can also be sent which can be used to update the
replication origin in apply background worker when the streaming transaction is
aborted.
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml                      |  11 +-
 doc/src/sgml/config.sgml                        |  28 +-
 doc/src/sgml/logical-replication.sgml           |  13 +-
 doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml                      |  29 +-
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml       |  24 +-
 src/backend/access/transam/xact.c               |  13 +
 src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c         |  66 +-
 src/backend/libpq/pqmq.c                        |  10 +
 src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c               |   3 +
 src/backend/replication/logical/Makefile        |   1 +
 src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c | 973 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/decode.c        |  10 +-
 src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c      | 153 +++-
 src/backend/replication/logical/origin.c        |  23 +-
 src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c         |  41 +-
 src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c |  10 +-
 src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c     |  10 +-
 src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c        | 798 ++++++++++++++-----
 src/backend/replication/pgoutput/pgoutput.c     |   6 +-
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c            |   4 +
 src/backend/tcop/postgres.c                     |   3 +
 src/backend/utils/activity/wait_event.c         |   3 +
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c                    |  12 +
 src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample   |   1 +
 src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c                       |   6 +-
 src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h           |  21 +-
 src/include/replication/logicallauncher.h       |   1 +
 src/include/replication/logicalproto.h          |  27 +-
 src/include/replication/logicalworker.h         |   5 +
 src/include/replication/origin.h                |   2 +-
 src/include/replication/reorderbuffer.h         |   7 +-
 src/include/replication/worker_internal.h       | 130 +++-
 src/include/storage/procsignal.h                |   1 +
 src/include/utils/wait_event.h                  |   1 +
 src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out      |  12 +-
 src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql           |   6 +-
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list                |   5 +
 37 files changed, 2209 insertions(+), 260 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 2ce539a..673c812 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -7882,11 +7882,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
 
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
-       <structfield>substream</structfield> <type>bool</type>
+       <structfield>substream</structfield> <type>char</type>
       </para>
       <para>
-       If true, the subscription will allow streaming of in-progress
-       transactions
+       Controls how to handle the streaming of in-progress transactions:
+       <literal>f</literal> = disallow streaming of in-progress transactions,
+       <literal>t</literal> = spill the changes of in-progress transactions to
+       disk and apply at once after the transaction is committed on the
+       publisher,
+       <literal>p</literal> = apply changes directly using a background
+       worker if available (same as 't' if no worker is available)
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
index a5cd4e4..e39e95b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/config.sgml
@@ -4940,7 +4940,8 @@ ANY <replaceable class="parameter">num_sync</replaceable> ( <replaceable class="
       <listitem>
        <para>
         Specifies maximum number of logical replication workers. This includes
-        both apply workers and table synchronization workers.
+        apply main workers, apply background workers, and table synchronization
+        workers.
        </para>
        <para>
         Logical replication workers are taken from the pool defined by
@@ -4980,6 +4981,31 @@ ANY <replaceable class="parameter">num_sync</replaceable> ( <replaceable class="
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry id="guc-max-apply-bgworkers-per-subscription" xreflabel="max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription">
+      <term><varname>max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription</varname> (<type>integer</type>)
+      <indexterm>
+       <primary><varname>max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription</varname> configuration parameter</primary>
+      </indexterm>
+      </term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Maximum number of apply background workers per subscription. This
+        parameter controls the amount of parallelism for streaming of
+        in-progress transactions with subscription parameter
+        <literal>streaming = parallel</literal>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        The apply background workers are taken from the pool defined by
+        <varname>max_logical_replication_workers</varname>.
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        The default value is 2. This parameter can only be set in the
+        <filename>postgresql.conf</filename> file or on the server command
+        line.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      </variablelist>
     </sect2>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/logical-replication.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/logical-replication.sgml
index bdf1e7b..35a25c3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/logical-replication.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/logical-replication.sgml
@@ -1153,6 +1153,16 @@ CONTEXT:  processing remote data for replication origin "pg_16395" during "INSER
    might not violate any constraint.  This can easily make the subscriber
    inconsistent.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   When the streaming mode is <literal>parallel</literal>, the finish LSN of
+   failed transactions may not be logged. In that case, it may be necessary to
+   change the streaming mode to <literal>on</literal> or <literal>off</literal> and
+   cause the same conflicts again so the finish LSN of the failed transaction will
+   be written to the server log. For the usage of finish LSN, please refer to <link
+   linkend="sql-altersubscription"><command>ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ...
+   SKIP</command></link>.
+  </para>
  </sect1>
 
  <sect1 id="logical-replication-restrictions">
@@ -1334,7 +1344,8 @@ CONTEXT:  processing remote data for replication origin "pg_16395" during "INSER
    subscription.  A disabled subscription or a crashed subscription will have
    zero rows in this view.  If the initial data synchronization of any
    table is in progress, there will be additional workers for the tables
-   being synchronized.
+   being synchronized. Moreover, if the streaming transaction is applied in
+   parallel, there will be additional workers.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml
index 87870c5..d107dd2 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml
@@ -3096,7 +3096,7 @@ psql "dbname=postgres replication=database" -c "IDENTIFY_SYSTEM;"
      <listitem>
       <para>
        Protocol version. Currently versions <literal>1</literal>, <literal>2</literal>,
-       and <literal>3</literal> are supported.
+       <literal>3</literal>, and <literal>4</literal> are supported.
       </para>
       <para>
        Version <literal>2</literal> is supported only for server version 14
@@ -3106,6 +3106,11 @@ psql "dbname=postgres replication=database" -c "IDENTIFY_SYSTEM;"
        Version <literal>3</literal> is supported only for server version 15
        and above, and it allows streaming of two-phase commits.
       </para>
+      <para>
+       Version <literal>4</literal> is supported only for server version 16
+       and above, and it allows applying streams of large in-progress
+       transactions in parallel.
+      </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
 
@@ -6876,6 +6881,28 @@ psql "dbname=postgres replication=database" -c "IDENTIFY_SYSTEM;"
         </para>
        </listitem>
       </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+       <term>Int64 (XLogRecPtr)</term>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         The LSN of the abort. This field is available since protocol version
+         4.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
+      <varlistentry>
+       <term>Int64 (TimestampTz)</term>
+       <listitem>
+        <para>
+         Abort timestamp of the transaction. The value is in number
+         of microseconds since PostgreSQL epoch (2000-01-01). This field is
+         available since protocol version 4.
+        </para>
+       </listitem>
+      </varlistentry>
+
      </variablelist>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
index 7390c71..e2f9968 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
@@ -217,13 +217,29 @@ CREATE SUBSCRIPTION <replaceable class="parameter">subscription_name</replaceabl
        </varlistentry>
 
        <varlistentry>
-        <term><literal>streaming</literal> (<type>boolean</type>)</term>
+        <term><literal>streaming</literal> (<type>enum</type>)</term>
         <listitem>
          <para>
           Specifies whether to enable streaming of in-progress transactions
-          for this subscription.  By default, all transactions
-          are fully decoded on the publisher and only then sent to the
-          subscriber as a whole.
+          for this subscription.  The default value is <literal>off</literal>,
+          meaning all transactions are fully decoded on the publisher and only
+          then sent to the subscriber as a whole.
+         </para>
+
+         <para>
+          If set to <literal>on</literal>, the incoming changes are written to
+          temporary files and then applied only after the transaction is
+          committed on the publisher and received by the subscriber.
+         </para>
+
+         <para>
+          If set to <literal>parallel</literal>, incoming changes are directly
+          applied via one of the apply background workers, if available. If no
+          background worker is free to handle streaming transactions then the
+          changes are written to temporary files and applied after the
+          transaction is committed. Note that if an error happens when
+          applying changes in a background worker, the finish LSN of the
+          remote transaction might not be reported in the server log.
          </para>
         </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c
index 50f092d..5a76d9c 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xact.c
@@ -1711,6 +1711,7 @@ RecordTransactionAbort(bool isSubXact)
 	int			nchildren;
 	TransactionId *children;
 	TimestampTz xact_time;
+	bool		replorigin;
 
 	/*
 	 * If we haven't been assigned an XID, nobody will care whether we aborted
@@ -1741,6 +1742,13 @@ RecordTransactionAbort(bool isSubXact)
 		elog(PANIC, "cannot abort transaction %u, it was already committed",
 			 xid);
 
+	/*
+	 * Are we using the replication origins feature?  Or, in other words,
+	 * are we replaying remote actions?
+	 */
+	replorigin = (replorigin_session_origin != InvalidRepOriginId &&
+				  replorigin_session_origin != DoNotReplicateId);
+
 	/* Fetch the data we need for the abort record */
 	nrels = smgrGetPendingDeletes(false, &rels);
 	nchildren = xactGetCommittedChildren(&children);
@@ -1765,6 +1773,11 @@ RecordTransactionAbort(bool isSubXact)
 					   MyXactFlags, InvalidTransactionId,
 					   NULL);
 
+	if (replorigin)
+		/* Move LSNs forward for this replication origin */
+		replorigin_session_advance(replorigin_session_origin_lsn,
+								   XactLastRecEnd);
+
 	/*
 	 * Report the latest async abort LSN, so that the WAL writer knows to
 	 * flush this abort. There's nothing to be gained by delaying this, since
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c b/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
index 670b219..3dc03dc 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/subscriptioncmds.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ typedef struct SubOpts
 	bool		copy_data;
 	bool		refresh;
 	bool		binary;
-	bool		streaming;
+	char		streaming;
 	bool		twophase;
 	bool		disableonerr;
 	char	   *origin;
@@ -98,6 +98,62 @@ static void ReportSlotConnectionError(List *rstates, Oid subid, char *slotname,
 
 
 /*
+ * Extract the streaming mode value from a DefElem.  This is like
+ * defGetBoolean() but also accepts the special value of "parallel".
+ */
+static char
+defGetStreamingMode(DefElem *def)
+{
+	/*
+	 * If no parameter value given, assume "true" is meant.
+	 */
+	if (def->arg == NULL)
+		return SUBSTREAM_ON;
+
+	/*
+	 * Allow 0, 1, "false", "true", "off", "on" or "parallel".
+	 */
+	switch (nodeTag(def->arg))
+	{
+		case T_Integer:
+			switch (intVal(def->arg))
+			{
+				case 0:
+					return SUBSTREAM_OFF;
+				case 1:
+					return SUBSTREAM_ON;
+				default:
+					/* otherwise, error out below */
+					break;
+			}
+			break;
+		default:
+			{
+				char	   *sval = defGetString(def);
+
+				/*
+				 * The set of strings accepted here should match up with the
+				 * grammar's opt_boolean_or_string production.
+				 */
+				if (pg_strcasecmp(sval, "false") == 0 ||
+					pg_strcasecmp(sval, "off") == 0)
+					return SUBSTREAM_OFF;
+				if (pg_strcasecmp(sval, "true") == 0 ||
+					pg_strcasecmp(sval, "on") == 0)
+					return SUBSTREAM_ON;
+				if (pg_strcasecmp(sval, "parallel") == 0)
+					return SUBSTREAM_PARALLEL;
+			}
+			break;
+	}
+	ereport(ERROR,
+			(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
+			 errmsg("%s requires a Boolean value or \"parallel\"",
+					def->defname)));
+	return SUBSTREAM_OFF;		/* keep compiler quiet */
+}
+
+/*
  * Common option parsing function for CREATE and ALTER SUBSCRIPTION commands.
  *
  * Since not all options can be specified in both commands, this function
@@ -134,7 +190,7 @@ parse_subscription_options(ParseState *pstate, List *stmt_options,
 	if (IsSet(supported_opts, SUBOPT_BINARY))
 		opts->binary = false;
 	if (IsSet(supported_opts, SUBOPT_STREAMING))
-		opts->streaming = false;
+		opts->streaming = SUBSTREAM_OFF;
 	if (IsSet(supported_opts, SUBOPT_TWOPHASE_COMMIT))
 		opts->twophase = false;
 	if (IsSet(supported_opts, SUBOPT_DISABLE_ON_ERR))
@@ -237,7 +293,7 @@ parse_subscription_options(ParseState *pstate, List *stmt_options,
 				errorConflictingDefElem(defel, pstate);
 
 			opts->specified_opts |= SUBOPT_STREAMING;
-			opts->streaming = defGetBoolean(defel);
+			opts->streaming = defGetStreamingMode(defel);
 		}
 		else if (strcmp(defel->defname, "two_phase") == 0)
 		{
@@ -627,7 +683,7 @@ CreateSubscription(ParseState *pstate, CreateSubscriptionStmt *stmt,
 	values[Anum_pg_subscription_subowner - 1] = ObjectIdGetDatum(owner);
 	values[Anum_pg_subscription_subenabled - 1] = BoolGetDatum(opts.enabled);
 	values[Anum_pg_subscription_subbinary - 1] = BoolGetDatum(opts.binary);
-	values[Anum_pg_subscription_substream - 1] = BoolGetDatum(opts.streaming);
+	values[Anum_pg_subscription_substream - 1] = CharGetDatum(opts.streaming);
 	values[Anum_pg_subscription_subtwophasestate - 1] =
 		CharGetDatum(opts.twophase ?
 					 LOGICALREP_TWOPHASE_STATE_PENDING :
@@ -1089,7 +1145,7 @@ AlterSubscription(ParseState *pstate, AlterSubscriptionStmt *stmt,
 				if (IsSet(opts.specified_opts, SUBOPT_STREAMING))
 				{
 					values[Anum_pg_subscription_substream - 1] =
-						BoolGetDatum(opts.streaming);
+						CharGetDatum(opts.streaming);
 					replaces[Anum_pg_subscription_substream - 1] = true;
 				}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/libpq/pqmq.c b/src/backend/libpq/pqmq.c
index 4d0415e..728301f 100644
--- a/src/backend/libpq/pqmq.c
+++ b/src/backend/libpq/pqmq.c
@@ -162,10 +162,20 @@ mq_putmessage(char msgtype, const char *s, size_t len)
 		result = shm_mq_sendv(pq_mq_handle, iov, 2, true, true);
 
 		if (pq_mq_parallel_leader_pid != 0)
+		{
 			SendProcSignal(pq_mq_parallel_leader_pid,
 						   PROCSIG_PARALLEL_MESSAGE,
 						   pq_mq_parallel_leader_backend_id);
 
+			/*
+			 * XXX maybe we can reuse the PROCSIG_PARALLEL_MESSAGE instead of
+			 * introducing a new signal reason.
+			 */
+			SendProcSignal(pq_mq_parallel_leader_pid,
+						   PROCSIG_APPLY_BGWORKER_MESSAGE,
+						   pq_mq_parallel_leader_backend_id);
+		}
+
 		if (result != SHM_MQ_WOULD_BLOCK)
 			break;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c b/src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c
index 40601ae..40ccb89 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/bgworker.c
@@ -128,6 +128,9 @@ static const struct
 	},
 	{
 		"ApplyWorkerMain", ApplyWorkerMain
+	},
+	{
+		"ApplyBgworkerMain", ApplyBgworkerMain
 	}
 };
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/Makefile b/src/backend/replication/logical/Makefile
index c4e2fde..cbfb5d7 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/Makefile
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/Makefile
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ include $(top_builddir)/src/Makefile.global
 override CPPFLAGS := -I$(srcdir) $(CPPFLAGS)
 
 OBJS = \
+	applybgworker.o \
 	decode.o \
 	launcher.o \
 	logical.o \
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0852ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
@@ -0,0 +1,973 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * applybgworker.c
+ *     Support routines for applying xact by apply background worker
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2016-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ *	  src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
+ *
+ * This file contains routines that are intended to support setting up, using,
+ * and tearing down a ApplyBgworkerInfo.
+ *
+ * Refer to the comments in file header of logical/worker.c to see more
+ * information about apply background worker.
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
+#include "libpq/pqmq.h"
+#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
+#include "pgstat.h"
+#include "postmaster/interrupt.h"
+#include "replication/logicallauncher.h"
+#include "replication/logicalworker.h"
+#include "replication/origin.h"
+#include "replication/walreceiver.h"
+#include "replication/worker_internal.h"
+#include "storage/ipc.h"
+#include "storage/procarray.h"
+#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
+#include "utils/inval.h"
+#include "utils/memutils.h"
+#include "utils/resowner.h"
+#include "utils/syscache.h"
+
+#define PG_LOGICAL_APPLY_SHM_MAGIC 0x787ca067
+
+/*
+ * DSM keys for apply background worker.  Unlike other parallel execution code,
+ * since we don't need to worry about DSM keys conflicting with plan_node_id we
+ * can use small integers.
+ */
+#define APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_SHARED		1
+#define APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_MQ			2
+#define APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_ERROR_QUEUE	3
+
+/* Queue size of DSM, 16 MB for now. */
+#define DSM_QUEUE_SIZE	(16 * 1024 * 1024)
+
+/*
+ * Error queue size of DSM. It is desirable to make it large enough that a
+ * typical ErrorResponse can be sent without blocking.  That way, a worker that
+ * errors out can write the whole message into the queue and terminate without
+ * waiting for the user backend.
+ */
+#define DSM_ERROR_QUEUE_SIZE			16384
+
+/*
+ * There are three fields in message: start_lsn, end_lsn and send_time. Because
+ * we have updated these statistics in apply worker, we could ignore these
+ * fields in apply background worker (see function LogicalRepApplyLoop).
+ */
+#define SIZE_STATS_MESSAGE (2 * sizeof(XLogRecPtr) + sizeof(TimestampTz))
+
+/*
+ * Entry for a hash table we use to map from xid to the apply background worker
+ * state.
+ */
+typedef struct ApplyBgworkerEntry
+{
+	TransactionId xid;	/* Hash key -- must be first */
+	ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo;
+} ApplyBgworkerEntry;
+
+/* Apply background workers hash table (initialized on first use). */
+static HTAB *ApplyBgworkersHash = NULL;
+static List *ApplyBgworkersFreeList = NIL;
+static List *ApplyBgworkersList = NIL;
+
+/*
+ * Information shared between main apply worker and apply background worker.
+ */
+volatile ApplyBgworkerShared *MyParallelShared = NULL;
+
+/*
+ * Is there a message pending in apply background worker which we need to
+ * receive?
+ */
+volatile bool ApplyBgworkerMessagePending = false;
+
+/*
+ * Cache a pointer to the apply background worker which is responsible for
+ * applying the current streaming transactions. It is used to save the
+ * cost of searhing the hash table when applying the changes between
+ * STREAM_START and STREAM_STOP.
+ */
+ApplyBgworkerInfo *stream_apply_worker = NULL;
+
+List	   *subxactlist = NIL;
+
+static bool apply_bgworker_can_start(TransactionId xid);
+static ApplyBgworkerInfo *apply_bgworker_setup(void);
+static bool apply_bgworker_setup_dsm(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo);
+
+/*
+ * Check if starting a new apply background worker is allowed.
+ */
+static bool
+apply_bgworker_can_start(TransactionId xid)
+{
+	if (!TransactionIdIsValid(xid))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't start a new background worker if not in streaming parallel mode.
+	 */
+	if (MySubscription->stream != SUBSTREAM_PARALLEL)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Don't start a new background worker if user has set skiplsn as it's
+	 * possible that user want to skip the streaming transaction. For
+	 * streaming transaction, we need to spill the transaction to disk so that
+	 * we can get the last LSN of the transaction to judge whether to skip
+	 * before starting to apply the change.
+	 */
+	if (!XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(MySubscription->skiplsn))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * For streaming transactions that are being applied using apply background
+	 * worker, we cannot decide whether to apply the change for a relation that
+	 * is not in the READY state (see should_apply_changes_for_rel) as we won't
+	 * know remote_final_lsn by that time. So, we don't start the new apply
+	 * background worker in this case.
+	 */
+	if (!AllTablesyncsReady())
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the apply background worker that will be used for the specified xid.
+ *
+ * If an apply background worker is found in the free list then re-use it,
+ * otherwise start a fresh one. Cache the worker in ApplyBgworkersHash keyed by
+ * the specified xid.
+ */
+ApplyBgworkerInfo *
+apply_bgworker_start(TransactionId xid)
+{
+	bool		found;
+	int			server_version;
+	ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo = NULL;
+	ApplyBgworkerEntry *entry = NULL;
+
+	if (!apply_bgworker_can_start(xid))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* First time through, initialize apply workers hashtable. */
+	if (ApplyBgworkersHash == NULL)
+	{
+		HASHCTL		ctl;
+
+		MemSet(&ctl, 0, sizeof(ctl));
+		ctl.keysize = sizeof(TransactionId);
+		ctl.entrysize = sizeof(ApplyBgworkerEntry);
+		ctl.hcxt = ApplyContext;
+
+		ApplyBgworkersHash = hash_create("logical apply workers hash", 16, &ctl,
+									   HASH_ELEM | HASH_BLOBS | HASH_CONTEXT);
+	}
+
+	/* Try to get a free apply background worker. */
+	while (ApplyBgworkersFreeList != NIL)
+	{
+		ApplyBgworkerInfo *tmp_winfo;
+
+		tmp_winfo = (ApplyBgworkerInfo *) llast(ApplyBgworkersFreeList);
+		ApplyBgworkersFreeList = list_delete_last(ApplyBgworkersFreeList);
+
+		if (tmp_winfo->error_mq_handle != NULL)
+		{
+			winfo = tmp_winfo;
+			winfo->shared->state = APPLY_BGWORKER_BUSY;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Release the worker information and try next one if the apply
+		 * background worker exited cleanly.
+		 */
+		ApplyBgworkersList = list_delete(ApplyBgworkersList, tmp_winfo);
+		shm_mq_detach(tmp_winfo->mq_handle);
+		dsm_detach(tmp_winfo->dsm_seg);
+		pfree(tmp_winfo);
+	}
+
+	/* Try to start a new apply background worker. */
+	if (winfo == NULL)
+		winfo = apply_bgworker_setup();
+
+	/* Failed to start a new apply background worker. */
+	if (winfo == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Create entry for requested transaction. */
+	entry = hash_search(ApplyBgworkersHash, &xid, HASH_ENTER, &found);
+	if (found)
+		elog(ERROR, "hash table corrupted");
+
+	server_version = walrcv_server_version(LogRepWorkerWalRcvConn);
+	winfo->shared->proto_version =
+		server_version >= 160000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_PARALLEL_VERSION_NUM :
+		server_version >= 150000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_TWOPHASE_VERSION_NUM :
+		server_version >= 140000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_VERSION_NUM :
+		LOGICALREP_PROTO_VERSION_NUM;
+
+	winfo->shared->stream_xid = xid;
+	entry->winfo = winfo;
+	entry->xid = xid;
+
+	return winfo;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the previously assigned worker for the given transaction, if any.
+ */
+ApplyBgworkerInfo *
+apply_bgworker_find(TransactionId xid)
+{
+	bool		found;
+	ApplyBgworkerEntry *entry = NULL;
+
+	if (!TransactionIdIsValid(xid))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (ApplyBgworkersHash == NULL)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Return the cached apply background worker if valid. */
+	if (stream_apply_worker != NULL)
+		return stream_apply_worker;
+
+	/*
+	 * Find entry for requested transaction.
+	 */
+	entry = hash_search(ApplyBgworkersHash, &xid, HASH_FIND, &found);
+	if (found)
+	{
+		/* If any workers (or the postmaster) have died, we have failed. */
+		if (entry->winfo->error_mq_handle == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+					 errmsg("background worker %u failed to apply transaction %u",
+							entry->winfo->shared->worker_id,
+							entry->winfo->shared->stream_xid)));
+
+		Assert(entry->winfo->shared->state == APPLY_BGWORKER_BUSY);
+
+		return entry->winfo;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Remove the apply background worker entry from the hash table. And stop the
+ * worker if there are enough workers in the pool, otherwise add it to the free
+ * list.
+ */
+void
+apply_bgworker_free(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo)
+{
+	TransactionId xid = winfo->shared->stream_xid;
+	int			napplyworkers;
+
+	Assert(winfo->shared->state == APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED);
+
+	hash_search(ApplyBgworkersHash, &xid, HASH_REMOVE, NULL);
+
+	elog(DEBUG1, "adding finished apply worker %u for xid %u to the free list",
+		 winfo->shared->worker_id, winfo->shared->stream_xid);
+
+	/* Check if there are free worker slot(s). */
+	LWLockAcquire(LogicalRepWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
+	napplyworkers = logicalrep_apply_bgworker_count(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid);
+	LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
+
+	if (napplyworkers > (max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription / 2))
+	{
+		logicalrep_worker_stop_by_slot(winfo->shared->logicalrep_worker_slot_no,
+									   winfo->shared->logicalrep_worker_generation);
+
+		ApplyBgworkersList = list_delete_ptr(ApplyBgworkersList, winfo);
+
+		shm_mq_detach(winfo->mq_handle);
+		shm_mq_detach(winfo->error_mq_handle);
+		dsm_detach(winfo->dsm_seg);
+		pfree(winfo);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		MemoryContext	oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyContext);
+		ApplyBgworkersFreeList = lappend(ApplyBgworkersFreeList, winfo);
+		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Apply Background Worker main loop. */
+static void
+LogicalApplyBgwLoop(shm_mq_handle *mqh, volatile ApplyBgworkerShared *shared)
+{
+	shm_mq_result shmq_res;
+	PGPROC	   *registrant;
+	ErrorContextCallback errcallback;
+
+	registrant = BackendPidGetProc(MyBgworkerEntry->bgw_notify_pid);
+	SetLatch(&registrant->procLatch);
+
+	/*
+	 * Init the ApplyMessageContext which we clean up after each replication
+	 * protocol message.
+	 */
+	ApplyMessageContext = AllocSetContextCreate(ApplyContext,
+												"ApplyMessageContext",
+												ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
+
+	/*
+	 * Push apply error context callback. Fields will be filled while applying
+	 * a change.
+	 */
+	errcallback.callback = apply_error_callback;
+	errcallback.previous = error_context_stack;
+	error_context_stack = &errcallback;
+
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		void	   *data;
+		Size		len;
+		int			c;
+		StringInfoData s;
+		MemoryContext oldctx;
+
+		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
+
+		/* Ensure we are reading the data into our memory context. */
+		oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyMessageContext);
+
+		shmq_res = shm_mq_receive(mqh, &len, &data, false);
+
+		if (shmq_res != SHM_MQ_SUCCESS)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+					 errmsg("lost connection to the main apply worker")));
+
+		if (len == 0)
+			break;
+
+		s.cursor = 0;
+		s.maxlen = -1;
+		s.data = (char *) data;
+		s.len = len;
+
+		/*
+		 * The first byte of message for additional communication between main
+		 * Logical replication worker and apply background workers can only be
+		 * 'w'.
+		 */
+		c = pq_getmsgbyte(&s);
+		if (c != 'w')
+			elog(ERROR, "[Apply BGW #%u] unexpected message \"%c\"",
+				 shared->worker_id, c);
+
+		/*
+		 * Ignore statistics fields that have been updated by the main apply
+		 * worker.
+		 */
+		s.cursor += SIZE_STATS_MESSAGE;
+
+		apply_dispatch(&s);
+
+		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);
+		MemoryContextReset(ApplyMessageContext);
+
+		if (ConfigReloadPending)
+		{
+			ConfigReloadPending = false;
+			ProcessConfigFile(PGC_SIGHUP);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Pop the error context stack. */
+	error_context_stack = errcallback.previous;
+
+	elog(DEBUG1, "[Apply BGW #%u] exiting", shared->worker_id);
+
+	/* Signal main process that we are done. */
+	SetLatch(&registrant->procLatch);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make sure the main apply worker tries to read from our error queue one more
+ * time. This guards against the case where we exit uncleanly without sending
+ * an ErrorResponse, for example because some code calls proc_exit directly.
+ */
+static void
+apply_bgworker_shutdown(int code, Datum arg)
+{
+	SendProcSignal(MyLogicalRepWorker->apply_leader_pid,
+				   PROCSIG_APPLY_BGWORKER_MESSAGE,
+				   InvalidBackendId);
+
+	dsm_detach((dsm_segment *) DatumGetPointer(arg));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Apply Background Worker entry point.
+ */
+void
+ApplyBgworkerMain(Datum main_arg)
+{
+	volatile ApplyBgworkerShared *shared;
+
+	dsm_handle	handle;
+	dsm_segment *seg;
+	shm_toc    *toc;
+	shm_mq	   *mq;
+	shm_mq_handle *mqh;
+	shm_mq_handle *error_mqh;
+	RepOriginId originid;
+	int			worker_slot = DatumGetInt32(main_arg);
+	char		originname[NAMEDATALEN];
+
+	/* Setup signal handling. */
+	pqsignal(SIGHUP, SignalHandlerForConfigReload);
+	pqsignal(SIGTERM, die);
+	BackgroundWorkerUnblockSignals();
+
+	/*
+	 * Attach to the dynamic shared memory segment for the parallel query, and
+	 * find its table of contents.
+	 *
+	 * Note: at this point, we have not created any ResourceOwner in this
+	 * process.  This will result in our DSM mapping surviving until process
+	 * exit, which is fine.  If there were a ResourceOwner, it would acquire
+	 * ownership of the mapping, but we have no need for that.
+	 */
+	memcpy(&handle, MyBgworkerEntry->bgw_extra, sizeof(dsm_handle));
+	seg = dsm_attach(handle);
+	if (seg == NULL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("unable to map dynamic shared memory segment")));
+
+	toc = shm_toc_attach(PG_LOGICAL_APPLY_SHM_MAGIC, dsm_segment_address(seg));
+	if (toc == NULL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("bad magic number in dynamic shared memory segment")));
+
+	before_shmem_exit(apply_bgworker_shutdown, PointerGetDatum(seg));
+
+	/* Look up the shared information. */
+	shared = shm_toc_lookup(toc, APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_SHARED, false);
+	MyParallelShared = shared;
+
+	/*
+	 * Attach to the message queue.
+	 */
+	mq = shm_toc_lookup(toc, APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_MQ, false);
+	shm_mq_set_receiver(mq, MyProc);
+	mqh = shm_mq_attach(mq, seg, NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * Attach to the message queue.
+	 */
+	mq = shm_toc_lookup(toc, APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_ERROR_QUEUE, false);
+	shm_mq_set_sender(mq, MyProc);
+	error_mqh = shm_mq_attach(mq, seg, NULL);
+	pq_redirect_to_shm_mq(seg, error_mqh);
+
+	/*
+	 * Now, we have initialized DSM. Attach to slot.
+	 */
+	logicalrep_worker_attach(worker_slot);
+	MyParallelShared->logicalrep_worker_generation = MyLogicalRepWorker->generation;
+	MyParallelShared->logicalrep_worker_slot_no = worker_slot;
+
+	pq_set_parallel_leader(MyLogicalRepWorker->apply_leader_pid,
+						   InvalidBackendId);
+
+	MyLogicalRepWorker->last_send_time = MyLogicalRepWorker->last_recv_time =
+		MyLogicalRepWorker->reply_time = 0;
+
+	InitializeApplyWorker();
+
+	/* Setup replication origin tracking. */
+	StartTransactionCommand();
+	snprintf(originname, sizeof(originname), "pg_%u", MySubscription->oid);
+	originid = replorigin_by_name(originname, true);
+	if (!OidIsValid(originid))
+		originid = replorigin_create(originname);
+
+	/*
+	 * The apply background worker doesn't need to monopolize this replication
+	 * origin which was already acquired by its leader process.
+	 */
+	replorigin_session_setup(originid, MyLogicalRepWorker->apply_leader_pid);
+	replorigin_session_origin = originid;
+	CommitTransactionCommand();
+
+	/*
+	 * Setup callback for syscache so that we know when something changes in
+	 * the subscription relation state.
+	 */
+	CacheRegisterSyscacheCallback(SUBSCRIPTIONRELMAP,
+								  invalidate_syncing_table_states,
+								  (Datum) 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate the origin name in long-lived context for error context
+	 * message.
+	 */
+	apply_error_callback_arg.origin_name = MemoryContextStrdup(ApplyContext,
+															   originname);
+
+	elog(DEBUG1, "[Apply BGW #%u] started", shared->worker_id);
+
+	LogicalApplyBgwLoop(mqh, shared);
+
+	proc_exit(0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle receipt of an interrupt indicating a apply background worker message.
+ *
+ * Note: this is called within a signal handler!  All we can do is set a flag
+ * that will cause the next CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() to invoke
+ * HandleApplyBgworkerMessages().
+ */
+void
+HandleApplyBgworkerMessageInterrupt(void)
+{
+	InterruptPending = true;
+	ApplyBgworkerMessagePending = true;
+	SetLatch(MyLatch);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle a single protocol message received from a single apply background
+ * worker.
+ */
+static void
+HandleApplyBgworkerMessage(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo, StringInfo msg)
+{
+	char		msgtype;
+
+	msgtype = pq_getmsgbyte(msg);
+
+	switch (msgtype)
+	{
+		case 'E':				/* ErrorResponse */
+			{
+				ErrorData	edata;
+				ErrorContextCallback *save_error_context_stack;
+
+				/* Parse ErrorResponse. */
+				pq_parse_errornotice(msg, &edata);
+
+				/* Death of a worker isn't enough justification for suicide. */
+				edata.elevel = Min(edata.elevel, ERROR);
+
+				/*
+				 * If desired, add a context line to show that this is a
+				 * message propagated from a apply background worker.
+				 * Otherwise, it can sometimes be confusing to understand what
+				 * actually happened.
+				 */
+				if (edata.context)
+					edata.context = psprintf("%s\n%s", edata.context,
+											 _("apply background worker"));
+				else
+					edata.context = pstrdup(_("apply background worker"));
+
+				/*
+				 * Context beyond that should use the error context callbacks
+				 * that were in effect in LogicalRepApplyLoop().
+				 */
+				save_error_context_stack = error_context_stack;
+				error_context_stack = apply_error_context_stack;
+
+				ThrowErrorData(&edata);
+
+				/* Should not reach here after rethrowing an error. */
+				error_context_stack = save_error_context_stack;
+
+				break;
+			}
+
+		case 'X':				/* Terminate, indicating clean exit */
+			{
+				shm_mq_detach(winfo->error_mq_handle);
+				winfo->error_mq_handle = NULL;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Don't need to do anything about NoticeResponse and
+			 * NotifyResponse as the logical replication worker doesn't need to
+			 * send messages to the client.
+			 */
+		case 'N':
+		case 'A':
+				break;
+		default:
+			{
+				elog(ERROR, "unrecognized message type received from apply background worker: %c (message length %d bytes)",
+					 msgtype, msg->len);
+			}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle any queued protocol messages received from apply background workers.
+ */
+void
+HandleApplyBgworkerMessages(void)
+{
+	ListCell	 *lc;
+	MemoryContext oldcontext;
+
+	static MemoryContext hpm_context = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * This is invoked from ProcessInterrupts(), and since some of the
+	 * functions it calls contain CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS(), there is a potential
+	 * for recursive calls if more signals are received while this runs.  It's
+	 * unclear that recursive entry would be safe, and it doesn't seem useful
+	 * even if it is safe, so let's block interrupts until done.
+	 */
+	HOLD_INTERRUPTS();
+
+	/*
+	 * Moreover, CurrentMemoryContext might be pointing almost anywhere.  We
+	 * don't want to risk leaking data into long-lived contexts, so let's do
+	 * our work here in a private context that we can reset on each use.
+	 */
+	if (hpm_context == NULL)	/* first time through? */
+		hpm_context = AllocSetContextCreate(TopMemoryContext,
+											"HandleApplyBgworkerMessages",
+											ALLOCSET_DEFAULT_SIZES);
+	else
+		MemoryContextReset(hpm_context);
+
+	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(hpm_context);
+
+	/* OK to process messages.  Reset the flag saying there are more to do. */
+	ApplyBgworkerMessagePending = false;
+
+	foreach(lc, ApplyBgworkersList)
+	{
+		shm_mq_result res;
+		Size		nbytes;
+		void	   *data;
+		ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo = (ApplyBgworkerInfo *) lfirst(lc);
+
+		if (winfo->error_mq_handle == NULL)
+			continue;
+
+		res = shm_mq_receive(winfo->error_mq_handle, &nbytes,
+							 &data, true);
+
+		if (res == SHM_MQ_WOULD_BLOCK)
+			break;
+		else if (res == SHM_MQ_SUCCESS)
+		{
+			StringInfoData msg;
+
+			initStringInfo(&msg);
+			appendBinaryStringInfo(&msg, data, nbytes);
+			HandleApplyBgworkerMessage(winfo, &msg);
+			pfree(msg.data);
+		}
+		else
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+					 errmsg("lost connection to the main apply worker")));
+	}
+
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
+
+	/* Might as well clear the context on our way out */
+	MemoryContextReset(hpm_context);
+
+	RESUME_INTERRUPTS();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set up a dynamic shared memory segment.
+ *
+ * We set up a control region that contains a ApplyBgworkerShared,
+ * plus one region per message queue. There are as many message queues as
+ * the number of workers.
+ *
+ * Returns true on success, false on failure.
+ */
+static bool
+apply_bgworker_setup_dsm(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo)
+{
+	shm_toc_estimator e;
+	Size		segsize;
+	dsm_segment *seg;
+	shm_toc    *toc;
+	ApplyBgworkerShared *shared;
+	shm_mq	   *mq;
+	Size		queue_size = DSM_QUEUE_SIZE;
+	Size		error_queue_size = DSM_ERROR_QUEUE_SIZE;
+	int			server_version;
+
+	/*
+	 * Estimate how much shared memory we need.
+	 *
+	 * Because the TOC machinery may choose to insert padding of oddly-sized
+	 * requests, we must estimate each chunk separately.
+	 *
+	 * We need one key to register the location of the header, and we need
+	 * another key to track the location of the message queue.
+	 */
+	shm_toc_initialize_estimator(&e);
+	shm_toc_estimate_chunk(&e, sizeof(ApplyBgworkerShared));
+	shm_toc_estimate_chunk(&e, queue_size);
+	shm_toc_estimate_chunk(&e, error_queue_size);
+
+	shm_toc_estimate_keys(&e, 2);
+	segsize = shm_toc_estimate(&e);
+
+	/* Create the shared memory segment and establish a table of contents. */
+	seg = dsm_create(shm_toc_estimate(&e), 0);
+	if (seg == NULL)
+		return false;
+
+	toc = shm_toc_create(PG_LOGICAL_APPLY_SHM_MAGIC, dsm_segment_address(seg),
+						 segsize);
+
+	/* Set up the header region. */
+	shared = shm_toc_allocate(toc, sizeof(ApplyBgworkerShared));
+	SpinLockInit(&shared->mutex);
+	shared->state = APPLY_BGWORKER_BUSY;
+
+	server_version = walrcv_server_version(LogRepWorkerWalRcvConn);
+	shared->proto_version =
+		server_version >= 160000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_PARALLEL_VERSION_NUM :
+		server_version >= 150000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_TWOPHASE_VERSION_NUM :
+		server_version >= 140000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_VERSION_NUM :
+		LOGICALREP_PROTO_VERSION_NUM;
+
+	shared->stream_xid = stream_xid;
+	shared->worker_id = list_length(ApplyBgworkersList) + 1;
+
+	shm_toc_insert(toc, APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_SHARED, shared);
+
+	/* Set up message queue for the worker. */
+	mq = shm_mq_create(shm_toc_allocate(toc, queue_size), queue_size);
+	shm_toc_insert(toc, APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_MQ, mq);
+	shm_mq_set_sender(mq, MyProc);
+
+	/* Attach the queue. */
+	winfo->mq_handle = shm_mq_attach(mq, seg, NULL);
+
+	/* Set up error queue for the worker. */
+	mq = shm_mq_create(shm_toc_allocate(toc, error_queue_size),
+					   error_queue_size);
+	shm_toc_insert(toc, APPLY_BGWORKER_KEY_ERROR_QUEUE, mq);
+	shm_mq_set_receiver(mq, MyProc);
+
+	/* Attach the queue. */
+	winfo->error_mq_handle = shm_mq_attach(mq, seg, NULL);
+
+	/* Return results to caller. */
+	winfo->dsm_seg = seg;
+	winfo->shared = shared;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Start apply background worker process and allocate shared memory for it.
+ */
+static ApplyBgworkerInfo *
+apply_bgworker_setup(void)
+{
+	MemoryContext oldcontext;
+	bool		launched;
+	ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo;
+	int			napplyworkers;
+
+	elog(DEBUG1, "setting up apply background worker %u",
+		 list_length(ApplyBgworkersList) + 1);
+
+	/* Check if there are free worker slot(s). */
+	LWLockAcquire(LogicalRepWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
+	napplyworkers = logicalrep_apply_bgworker_count(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid);
+	LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
+
+	if (napplyworkers >= max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription)
+		return NULL;
+
+	oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyContext);
+
+	winfo = (ApplyBgworkerInfo *) palloc0(sizeof(ApplyBgworkerInfo));
+
+	/* Setup shared memory. */
+	if (!apply_bgworker_setup_dsm(winfo))
+	{
+		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
+		pfree(winfo);
+
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	launched = logicalrep_worker_launch(MyLogicalRepWorker->dbid,
+										MySubscription->oid,
+										MySubscription->name,
+										MyLogicalRepWorker->userid,
+										InvalidOid,
+										dsm_segment_handle(winfo->dsm_seg));
+
+	if (launched)
+		ApplyBgworkersList = lappend(ApplyBgworkersList, winfo);
+	else
+	{
+		shm_mq_detach(winfo->mq_handle);
+		shm_mq_detach(winfo->error_mq_handle);
+		dsm_detach(winfo->dsm_seg);
+		pfree(winfo);
+
+		winfo = NULL;
+	}
+
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
+
+	return winfo;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Send the data to the specified apply background worker via shared-memory queue.
+ */
+void
+apply_bgworker_send_data(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo, Size nbytes, const void *data)
+{
+	shm_mq_result result;
+
+	result = shm_mq_send(winfo->mq_handle, nbytes, data, false, true);
+
+	if (result != SHM_MQ_SUCCESS)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("could not send data to shared-memory queue")));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait until the state of apply background worker reaches the
+ * 'wait_for_state'.
+ */
+void
+apply_bgworker_wait_for(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo,
+						ApplyBgworkerState wait_for_state)
+{
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		char		state;
+
+		SpinLockAcquire(&winfo->shared->mutex);
+		state = winfo->shared->state;
+		SpinLockRelease(&winfo->shared->mutex);
+
+		/* Done if already in correct state. */
+		if (state == wait_for_state)
+			break;
+
+		/* If any workers have died, we have failed. */
+		if (winfo->error_mq_handle == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+					 errmsg("apply background worker %u failed to apply transaction %u",
+							winfo->shared->worker_id, winfo->shared->stream_xid)));
+
+		/* Wait to be signalled. */
+		(void) WaitLatch(MyLatch,
+						 WL_LATCH_SET | WL_TIMEOUT | WL_EXIT_ON_PM_DEATH,
+						 1000L,
+						 WAIT_EVENT_LOGICAL_APPLY_BGWORKER_STATE_CHANGE);
+
+		/* Reset the latch so we don't spin. */
+		ResetLatch(MyLatch);
+
+		/* An interrupt may have occurred while we were waiting. */
+		CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS();
+	}
+}
+
+/* Set the apply background worker state. */
+void
+apply_bgworker_set_state(ApplyBgworkerState state)
+{
+	elog(DEBUG1, "[Apply BGW #%u] set state to %d", MyParallelShared->worker_id, state);
+
+	SpinLockAcquire(&MyParallelShared->mutex);
+	MyParallelShared->state = state;
+	SpinLockRelease(&MyParallelShared->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Define a savepoint for a subxact in apply background worker if needed.
+ *
+ * The apply background worker can figure out if a new subtransaction was
+ * started by checking if the new change arrived with different xid. In that
+ * case define a named savepoint, so that we are able to commit/rollback it
+ * separately later.
+ */
+void
+apply_bgworker_subxact_info_add(TransactionId current_xid)
+{
+	if (current_xid != stream_xid &&
+		!list_member_int(subxactlist, (int) current_xid))
+	{
+		MemoryContext oldctx;
+		char		spname[MAXPGPATH];
+
+		apply_bgworker_savepoint_name(MySubscription->oid, current_xid,
+									  spname, sizeof(spname));
+
+		elog(DEBUG1, "[Apply BGW #%u] defining savepoint %s",
+			 MyParallelShared->worker_id, spname);
+
+		/* We must be in transaction block to define the SAVEPOINT. */
+		if (!IsTransactionBlock())
+		{
+			BeginTransactionBlock();
+			CommitTransactionCommand();
+		}
+
+		DefineSavepoint(spname);
+
+		/*
+		 * CommitTransactionCommand is needed to start a subtransaction after
+		 * issuing a SAVEPOINT inside a transaction block (see
+		 * StartSubTransaction()).
+		 */
+		CommitTransactionCommand();
+
+		oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyContext);
+		subxactlist = lappend_int(subxactlist, (int) current_xid);
+		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Form the savepoint name for the streaming transaction.
+ *
+ * Return the name in the supplied buffer.
+ */
+void
+apply_bgworker_savepoint_name(Oid suboid, TransactionId xid,
+							  char *spname, int szsp)
+{
+	snprintf(spname, szsp, "pg_sp_%u_%u", suboid, xid);
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/decode.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/decode.c
index 1667d72..a437683 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/decode.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/decode.c
@@ -652,9 +652,10 @@ DecodeCommit(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, XLogRecordBuffer *buf,
 	{
 		for (i = 0; i < parsed->nsubxacts; i++)
 		{
-			ReorderBufferForget(ctx->reorder, parsed->subxacts[i], buf->origptr);
+			ReorderBufferForget(ctx->reorder, parsed->subxacts[i], buf->origptr,
+								commit_time);
 		}
-		ReorderBufferForget(ctx->reorder, xid, buf->origptr);
+		ReorderBufferForget(ctx->reorder, xid, buf->origptr, commit_time);
 
 		return;
 	}
@@ -822,10 +823,11 @@ DecodeAbort(LogicalDecodingContext *ctx, XLogRecordBuffer *buf,
 		for (i = 0; i < parsed->nsubxacts; i++)
 		{
 			ReorderBufferAbort(ctx->reorder, parsed->subxacts[i],
-							   buf->record->EndRecPtr);
+							   buf->record->EndRecPtr, abort_time);
 		}
 
-		ReorderBufferAbort(ctx->reorder, xid, buf->record->EndRecPtr);
+		ReorderBufferAbort(ctx->reorder, xid, buf->record->EndRecPtr,
+						   abort_time);
 	}
 
 	/* update the decoding stats */
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
index 3bbd522..c7ffcc3 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 
 int			max_logical_replication_workers = 4;
 int			max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2;
+int			max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription = 2;
 
 LogicalRepWorker *MyLogicalRepWorker = NULL;
 
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ static void logicalrep_launcher_onexit(int code, Datum arg);
 static void logicalrep_worker_onexit(int code, Datum arg);
 static void logicalrep_worker_detach(void);
 static void logicalrep_worker_cleanup(LogicalRepWorker *worker);
+static void logicalrep_worker_stop_internal(LogicalRepWorker *worker);
 
 static bool on_commit_launcher_wakeup = false;
 
@@ -151,8 +153,10 @@ get_subscription_list(void)
  *
  * This is only needed for cleaning up the shared memory in case the worker
  * fails to attach.
+ *
+ * Return whether the attach was successful.
  */
-static void
+static bool
 WaitForReplicationWorkerAttach(LogicalRepWorker *worker,
 							   uint16 generation,
 							   BackgroundWorkerHandle *handle)
@@ -168,11 +172,11 @@ WaitForReplicationWorkerAttach(LogicalRepWorker *worker,
 
 		LWLockAcquire(LogicalRepWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
 
-		/* Worker either died or has started; no need to do anything. */
+		/* Worker either died or has started. Return false if died. */
 		if (!worker->in_use || worker->proc)
 		{
 			LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
-			return;
+			return worker->in_use;
 		}
 
 		LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
@@ -187,7 +191,7 @@ WaitForReplicationWorkerAttach(LogicalRepWorker *worker,
 			if (generation == worker->generation)
 				logicalrep_worker_cleanup(worker);
 			LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
-			return;
+			return false;
 		}
 
 		/*
@@ -209,6 +213,8 @@ WaitForReplicationWorkerAttach(LogicalRepWorker *worker,
 /*
  * Walks the workers array and searches for one that matches given
  * subscription id and relid.
+ *
+ * We are only interested in the main apply worker or table sync worker.
  */
 LogicalRepWorker *
 logicalrep_worker_find(Oid subid, Oid relid, bool only_running)
@@ -223,6 +229,10 @@ logicalrep_worker_find(Oid subid, Oid relid, bool only_running)
 	{
 		LogicalRepWorker *w = &LogicalRepCtx->workers[i];
 
+		/* Skip apply background workers. */
+		if (isApplyBgWorker(w))
+			continue;
+
 		if (w->in_use && w->subid == subid && w->relid == relid &&
 			(!only_running || w->proc))
 		{
@@ -259,11 +269,13 @@ logicalrep_workers_find(Oid subid, bool only_running)
 }
 
 /*
- * Start new apply background worker, if possible.
+ * Start new background worker, if possible.
+ *
+ * Returns true on success, false on failure.
  */
-void
+bool
 logicalrep_worker_launch(Oid dbid, Oid subid, const char *subname, Oid userid,
-						 Oid relid)
+						 Oid relid, dsm_handle subworker_dsm)
 {
 	BackgroundWorker bgw;
 	BackgroundWorkerHandle *bgw_handle;
@@ -273,6 +285,10 @@ logicalrep_worker_launch(Oid dbid, Oid subid, const char *subname, Oid userid,
 	LogicalRepWorker *worker = NULL;
 	int			nsyncworkers;
 	TimestampTz now;
+	bool		is_subworker = (subworker_dsm != DSM_HANDLE_INVALID);
+
+	/* Sanity check: we don't support table sync in subworker. */
+	Assert(!(is_subworker && OidIsValid(relid)));
 
 	ereport(DEBUG1,
 			(errmsg_internal("starting logical replication worker for subscription \"%s\"",
@@ -350,7 +366,7 @@ retry:
 	if (OidIsValid(relid) && nsyncworkers >= max_sync_workers_per_subscription)
 	{
 		LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
-		return;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -364,7 +380,7 @@ retry:
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIGURATION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
 				 errmsg("out of logical replication worker slots"),
 				 errhint("You might need to increase max_logical_replication_workers.")));
-		return;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	/* Prepare the worker slot. */
@@ -379,6 +395,7 @@ retry:
 	worker->relstate = SUBREL_STATE_UNKNOWN;
 	worker->relstate_lsn = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
 	worker->stream_fileset = NULL;
+	worker->apply_leader_pid = is_subworker ? MyProcPid : InvalidPid;
 	worker->last_lsn = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
 	TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(worker->last_send_time);
 	TIMESTAMP_NOBEGIN(worker->last_recv_time);
@@ -396,10 +413,18 @@ retry:
 		BGWORKER_BACKEND_DATABASE_CONNECTION;
 	bgw.bgw_start_time = BgWorkerStart_RecoveryFinished;
 	snprintf(bgw.bgw_library_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "postgres");
-	snprintf(bgw.bgw_function_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "ApplyWorkerMain");
+
+	if (is_subworker)
+		snprintf(bgw.bgw_function_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "ApplyBgworkerMain");
+	else
+		snprintf(bgw.bgw_function_name, BGW_MAXLEN, "ApplyWorkerMain");
+
 	if (OidIsValid(relid))
 		snprintf(bgw.bgw_name, BGW_MAXLEN,
 				 "logical replication worker for subscription %u sync %u", subid, relid);
+	else if (is_subworker)
+		snprintf(bgw.bgw_name, BGW_MAXLEN,
+				 "logical replication apply background worker for subscription %u", subid);
 	else
 		snprintf(bgw.bgw_name, BGW_MAXLEN,
 				 "logical replication worker for subscription %u", subid);
@@ -409,6 +434,9 @@ retry:
 	bgw.bgw_notify_pid = MyProcPid;
 	bgw.bgw_main_arg = Int32GetDatum(slot);
 
+	if (is_subworker)
+		memcpy(bgw.bgw_extra, &subworker_dsm, sizeof(dsm_handle));
+
 	if (!RegisterDynamicBackgroundWorker(&bgw, &bgw_handle))
 	{
 		/* Failed to start worker, so clean up the worker slot. */
@@ -421,11 +449,11 @@ retry:
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_CONFIGURATION_LIMIT_EXCEEDED),
 				 errmsg("out of background worker slots"),
 				 errhint("You might need to increase max_worker_processes.")));
-		return;
+		return false;
 	}
 
 	/* Now wait until it attaches. */
-	WaitForReplicationWorkerAttach(worker, generation, bgw_handle);
+	return WaitForReplicationWorkerAttach(worker, generation, bgw_handle);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -436,19 +464,52 @@ void
 logicalrep_worker_stop(Oid subid, Oid relid)
 {
 	LogicalRepWorker *worker;
-	uint16		generation;
 
 	LWLockAcquire(LogicalRepWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
 
 	worker = logicalrep_worker_find(subid, relid, false);
 
-	/* No worker, nothing to do. */
-	if (!worker)
+	if (worker)
 	{
-		LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
-		return;
+		Assert(!isApplyBgWorker(worker));
+		logicalrep_worker_stop_internal(worker);
 	}
 
+	LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Stop the logical replication worker corresponding to the input slot number,
+ * and wait until it detaches from the slot.
+ */
+void
+logicalrep_worker_stop_by_slot(int slot_no, uint16 generation)
+{
+	LogicalRepWorker *worker = &LogicalRepCtx->workers[slot_no];
+
+	LWLockAcquire(LogicalRepWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
+
+	/* Return if the generation doesn't match or the worker is not alive. */
+	if (worker->generation != generation ||
+		worker->proc == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	logicalrep_worker_stop_internal(worker);
+
+	LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Workhorse for logicalrep_worker_stop() and logicalrep_worker_detach(). Stop
+ * the worker and wait for it to die.
+ */
+static void
+logicalrep_worker_stop_internal(LogicalRepWorker *worker)
+{
+	uint16		generation;
+
+	Assert(LWLockHeldByMe(LogicalRepWorkerLock));
+
 	/*
 	 * Remember which generation was our worker so we can check if what we see
 	 * is still the same one.
@@ -485,10 +546,7 @@ logicalrep_worker_stop(Oid subid, Oid relid)
 		 * different, meaning that a different worker has taken the slot.
 		 */
 		if (!worker->in_use || worker->generation != generation)
-		{
-			LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
 			return;
-		}
 
 		/* Worker has assigned proc, so it has started. */
 		if (worker->proc)
@@ -522,8 +580,6 @@ logicalrep_worker_stop(Oid subid, Oid relid)
 
 		LWLockAcquire(LogicalRepWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
 	}
-
-	LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -599,6 +655,29 @@ logicalrep_worker_attach(int slot)
 static void
 logicalrep_worker_detach(void)
 {
+	/*
+	 * This is the main apply worker; stop all the apply background workers
+	 * previously started from here.
+	 */
+	if (!isApplyBgWorker(MyLogicalRepWorker))
+	{
+		List	   *workers;
+		ListCell   *lc;
+
+		LWLockAcquire(LogicalRepWorkerLock, LW_SHARED);
+
+		workers = logicalrep_workers_find(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, true);
+		foreach(lc, workers)
+		{
+			LogicalRepWorker *w = (LogicalRepWorker *) lfirst(lc);
+
+			if (isApplyBgWorker(w))
+				logicalrep_worker_stop_internal(w);
+		}
+
+		LWLockRelease(LogicalRepWorkerLock);
+	}
+
 	/* Block concurrent access. */
 	LWLockAcquire(LogicalRepWorkerLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
 
@@ -621,6 +700,7 @@ logicalrep_worker_cleanup(LogicalRepWorker *worker)
 	worker->userid = InvalidOid;
 	worker->subid = InvalidOid;
 	worker->relid = InvalidOid;
+	worker->apply_leader_pid = InvalidPid;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -680,6 +760,33 @@ logicalrep_sync_worker_count(Oid subid)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Count the number of registered (but not necessarily running) apply
+ * background workers for a subscription.
+ */
+int
+logicalrep_apply_bgworker_count(Oid subid)
+{
+	int			i;
+	int			res = 0;
+
+	Assert(LWLockHeldByMe(LogicalRepWorkerLock));
+
+	/*
+	 * Scan all attached apply background workers, only counting those which
+	 * have the given subscription id.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < max_logical_replication_workers; i++)
+	{
+		LogicalRepWorker *w = &LogicalRepCtx->workers[i];
+
+		if (w->subid == subid && isApplyBgWorker(w))
+			res++;
+	}
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+/*
  * ApplyLauncherShmemSize
  *		Compute space needed for replication launcher shared memory
  */
@@ -868,7 +975,7 @@ ApplyLauncherMain(Datum main_arg)
 					wait_time = wal_retrieve_retry_interval;
 
 					logicalrep_worker_launch(sub->dbid, sub->oid, sub->name,
-											 sub->owner, InvalidOid);
+											 sub->owner, InvalidOid, DSM_HANDLE_INVALID);
 				}
 			}
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/origin.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/origin.c
index 9eb97fa..a5f62a4 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/origin.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/origin.c
@@ -1075,12 +1075,21 @@ ReplicationOriginExitCleanup(int code, Datum arg)
  * array doesn't have to be searched when calling
  * replorigin_session_advance().
  *
- * Obviously only one such cached origin can exist per process and the current
+ * Normally only one such cached origin can exist per process and the current
  * cached value can only be set again after the previous value is torn down
  * with replorigin_session_reset().
+ *
+ * However, if the function parameter 'apply_leader_pid' is not 0, we allow the
+ * process to use the same slot already acquired by another process. It's safe
+ * because 1) The only caller (apply background workers) will maintain the
+ * commit order by allowing only one process to commit at a time, so no two
+ * workers will be operating on the same origin at the same time (see comments
+ * in logical/worker.c). 2) Even though we try to advance the session's origin
+ * concurrently, it's safe to do so as we change/advance the session_origin
+ * LSNs under replicate_state LWLock.
  */
 void
-replorigin_session_setup(RepOriginId node)
+replorigin_session_setup(RepOriginId node, int apply_leader_pid)
 {
 	static bool registered_cleanup;
 	int			i;
@@ -1122,7 +1131,7 @@ replorigin_session_setup(RepOriginId node)
 		if (curstate->roident != node)
 			continue;
 
-		else if (curstate->acquired_by != 0)
+		else if (curstate->acquired_by != 0 && apply_leader_pid == 0)
 		{
 			ereport(ERROR,
 					(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_IN_USE),
@@ -1153,7 +1162,11 @@ replorigin_session_setup(RepOriginId node)
 
 	Assert(session_replication_state->roident != InvalidRepOriginId);
 
-	session_replication_state->acquired_by = MyProcPid;
+	if (apply_leader_pid == 0)
+		session_replication_state->acquired_by = MyProcPid;
+	else if (session_replication_state->acquired_by != apply_leader_pid)
+		 elog(ERROR, "could not find replication state slot for replication"
+			  "origin with OID %u which was acquired by %d", node, apply_leader_pid);
 
 	LWLockRelease(ReplicationOriginLock);
 
@@ -1337,7 +1350,7 @@ pg_replication_origin_session_setup(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
 	name = text_to_cstring((text *) DatumGetPointer(PG_GETARG_DATUM(0)));
 	origin = replorigin_by_name(name, false);
-	replorigin_session_setup(origin);
+	replorigin_session_setup(origin, 0);
 
 	replorigin_session_origin = origin;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c
index ff8513e..47bd811 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c
@@ -1163,31 +1163,56 @@ logicalrep_read_stream_commit(StringInfo in, LogicalRepCommitData *commit_data)
 /*
  * Write STREAM ABORT to the output stream. Note that xid and subxid will be
  * same for the top-level transaction abort.
+ *
+ * If write_abort_lsn is true, send the abort_lsn and abort_time fields,
+ * otherwise don't.
  */
 void
 logicalrep_write_stream_abort(StringInfo out, TransactionId xid,
-							  TransactionId subxid)
+							  ReorderBufferTXN *txn, XLogRecPtr abort_lsn,
+							  bool write_abort_lsn)
 {
 	pq_sendbyte(out, LOGICAL_REP_MSG_STREAM_ABORT);
 
-	Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(xid) && TransactionIdIsValid(subxid));
+	Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(xid) && TransactionIdIsValid(txn->xid));
 
 	/* transaction ID */
 	pq_sendint32(out, xid);
-	pq_sendint32(out, subxid);
+	pq_sendint32(out, txn->xid);
+
+	if (write_abort_lsn)
+	{
+		pq_sendint64(out, abort_lsn);
+		pq_sendint64(out, txn->xact_time.abort_time);
+	}
 }
 
 /*
  * Read STREAM ABORT from the output stream.
+ *
+ * If read_abort_lsn is true, try to read the abort_lsn and abort_time fields,
+ * otherwise don't.
  */
 void
-logicalrep_read_stream_abort(StringInfo in, TransactionId *xid,
-							 TransactionId *subxid)
+logicalrep_read_stream_abort(StringInfo in,
+							 LogicalRepStreamAbortData *abort_data,
+							 bool read_abort_lsn)
 {
-	Assert(xid && subxid);
+	Assert(abort_data);
 
-	*xid = pq_getmsgint(in, 4);
-	*subxid = pq_getmsgint(in, 4);
+	abort_data->xid = pq_getmsgint(in, 4);
+	abort_data->subxid = pq_getmsgint(in, 4);
+
+	if (read_abort_lsn)
+	{
+		abort_data->abort_lsn = pq_getmsgint64(in);
+		abort_data->abort_time = pq_getmsgint64(in);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		abort_data->abort_lsn = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
+		abort_data->abort_time = 0;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
index 1c21a1d..bca7da0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/reorderbuffer.c
@@ -2837,7 +2837,8 @@ ReorderBufferFinishPrepared(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId xid,
  * disk.
  */
 void
-ReorderBufferAbort(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId xid, XLogRecPtr lsn)
+ReorderBufferAbort(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId xid, XLogRecPtr lsn,
+				   TimestampTz abort_time)
 {
 	ReorderBufferTXN *txn;
 
@@ -2848,6 +2849,8 @@ ReorderBufferAbort(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId xid, XLogRecPtr lsn)
 	if (txn == NULL)
 		return;
 
+	txn->xact_time.abort_time = abort_time;
+
 	/* For streamed transactions notify the remote node about the abort. */
 	if (rbtxn_is_streamed(txn))
 	{
@@ -2922,7 +2925,8 @@ ReorderBufferAbortOld(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId oldestRunningXid)
  * to this xid might re-create the transaction incompletely.
  */
 void
-ReorderBufferForget(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId xid, XLogRecPtr lsn)
+ReorderBufferForget(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId xid, XLogRecPtr lsn,
+					TimestampTz abort_time)
 {
 	ReorderBufferTXN *txn;
 
@@ -2933,6 +2937,8 @@ ReorderBufferForget(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId xid, XLogRecPtr lsn)
 	if (txn == NULL)
 		return;
 
+	txn->xact_time.abort_time = abort_time;
+
 	/* For streamed transactions notify the remote node about the abort. */
 	if (rbtxn_is_streamed(txn))
 		rb->stream_abort(rb, txn, lsn);
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c
index d37d8a0..6888eee 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c
@@ -568,7 +568,8 @@ process_syncing_tables_for_apply(XLogRecPtr current_lsn)
 												 MySubscription->oid,
 												 MySubscription->name,
 												 MyLogicalRepWorker->userid,
-												 rstate->relid);
+												 rstate->relid,
+												 DSM_HANDLE_INVALID);
 						hentry->last_start_time = now;
 					}
 				}
@@ -589,6 +590,9 @@ process_syncing_tables_for_apply(XLogRecPtr current_lsn)
 void
 process_syncing_tables(XLogRecPtr current_lsn)
 {
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+		return;
+
 	if (am_tablesync_worker())
 		process_syncing_tables_for_sync(current_lsn);
 	else
@@ -1266,7 +1270,7 @@ LogicalRepSyncTableStart(XLogRecPtr *origin_startpos)
 		 * time this tablesync was launched.
 		 */
 		originid = replorigin_by_name(originname, false);
-		replorigin_session_setup(originid);
+		replorigin_session_setup(originid, 0);
 		replorigin_session_origin = originid;
 		*origin_startpos = replorigin_session_get_progress(false);
 
@@ -1377,7 +1381,7 @@ LogicalRepSyncTableStart(XLogRecPtr *origin_startpos)
 						   true /* go backward */ , true /* WAL log */ );
 		UnlockRelationOid(ReplicationOriginRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);
 
-		replorigin_session_setup(originid);
+		replorigin_session_setup(originid, 0);
 		replorigin_session_origin = originid;
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
index 5f8c541..a1a60b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
@@ -22,8 +22,28 @@
  * STREAMED TRANSACTIONS
  * ---------------------
  * Streamed transactions (large transactions exceeding a memory limit on the
- * upstream) are not applied immediately, but instead, the data is written
- * to temporary files and then applied at once when the final commit arrives.
+ * upstream) are applied using one of two approaches:
+ *
+ * 1) Separate background workers
+ *
+ * If streaming = parallel, we assign a new apply background worker (if
+ * available) as soon as the xact's first stream is received. The main apply
+ * worker will send changes to this new worker via shared memory. We keep this
+ * worker assigned till the transaction commit is received and also wait for
+ * the worker to finish at commit. This preserves commit ordering and avoids
+ * file I/O in most cases. We still need to spill to a file if there is no
+ * worker available. It is important to maintain commit order to avoid failures
+ * due to (a) transaction dependencies, say if we insert a row in the first
+ * transaction and update it in the second transaction then allowing to apply
+ * both in parallel can lead to failure in the update. (b) deadlocks, allowing
+ * transactions that update the same set of rows/tables in opposite order to be
+ * applied in parallel can lead to deadlocks.
+ *
+ * 2) Write to temporary files and apply when the final commit arrives
+ *
+ * If no worker is available to handle the streamed transaction, the data is
+ * written to temporary files and then applied at once when the final commit
+ * arrives.
  *
  * Unlike the regular (non-streamed) case, handling streamed transactions has
  * to handle aborts of both the toplevel transaction and subtransactions. This
@@ -219,20 +239,8 @@ typedef struct ApplyExecutionData
 	PartitionTupleRouting *proute;	/* partition routing info */
 } ApplyExecutionData;
 
-/* Struct for saving and restoring apply errcontext information */
-typedef struct ApplyErrorCallbackArg
-{
-	LogicalRepMsgType command;	/* 0 if invalid */
-	LogicalRepRelMapEntry *rel;
-
-	/* Remote node information */
-	int			remote_attnum;	/* -1 if invalid */
-	TransactionId remote_xid;
-	XLogRecPtr	finish_lsn;
-	char	   *origin_name;
-} ApplyErrorCallbackArg;
-
-static ApplyErrorCallbackArg apply_error_callback_arg =
+/* errcontext tracker */
+ApplyErrorCallbackArg apply_error_callback_arg =
 {
 	.command = 0,
 	.rel = NULL,
@@ -242,7 +250,9 @@ static ApplyErrorCallbackArg apply_error_callback_arg =
 	.origin_name = NULL,
 };
 
-static MemoryContext ApplyMessageContext = NULL;
+ErrorContextCallback	*apply_error_context_stack = NULL;
+
+MemoryContext ApplyMessageContext = NULL;
 MemoryContext ApplyContext = NULL;
 
 /* per stream context for streaming transactions */
@@ -251,27 +261,35 @@ static MemoryContext LogicalStreamingContext = NULL;
 WalReceiverConn *LogRepWorkerWalRcvConn = NULL;
 
 Subscription *MySubscription = NULL;
-static bool MySubscriptionValid = false;
+bool MySubscriptionValid = false;
 
 bool		in_remote_transaction = false;
 static XLogRecPtr remote_final_lsn = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
 
 /* fields valid only when processing streamed transaction */
-static bool in_streamed_transaction = false;
+bool in_streamed_transaction = false;
 
-static TransactionId stream_xid = InvalidTransactionId;
+TransactionId stream_xid = InvalidTransactionId;
+
+/*
+ * The number of changes sent to apply background workers during one streaming
+ * block.
+ */
+static uint32 nchanges = 0;
 
 /*
  * We enable skipping all data modification changes (INSERT, UPDATE, etc.) for
  * the subscription if the remote transaction's finish LSN matches the subskiplsn.
  * Once we start skipping changes, we don't stop it until we skip all changes of
  * the transaction even if pg_subscription is updated and MySubscription->skiplsn
- * gets changed or reset during that. Also, in streaming transaction cases, we
- * don't skip receiving and spooling the changes since we decide whether or not
+ * gets changed or reset during that. Also, in streaming transaction cases (streaming = on),
+ * we don't skip receiving and spooling the changes since we decide whether or not
  * to skip applying the changes when starting to apply changes. The subskiplsn is
  * cleared after successfully skipping the transaction or applying non-empty
  * transaction. The latter prevents the mistakenly specified subskiplsn from
- * being left.
+ * being left. Note that we cannot skip the streaming transactions when using
+ * apply background workers because we cannot get the finish LSN before
+ * applying the changes.
  */
 static XLogRecPtr skip_xact_finish_lsn = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
 #define is_skipping_changes() (unlikely(!XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(skip_xact_finish_lsn)))
@@ -324,9 +342,6 @@ static void maybe_reread_subscription(void);
 
 static void DisableSubscriptionAndExit(void);
 
-/* prototype needed because of stream_commit */
-static void apply_dispatch(StringInfo s);
-
 static void apply_handle_commit_internal(LogicalRepCommitData *commit_data);
 static void apply_handle_insert_internal(ApplyExecutionData *edata,
 										 ResultRelInfo *relinfo,
@@ -359,7 +374,6 @@ static void stop_skipping_changes(void);
 static void clear_subscription_skip_lsn(XLogRecPtr finish_lsn);
 
 /* Functions for apply error callback */
-static void apply_error_callback(void *arg);
 static inline void set_apply_error_context_xact(TransactionId xid, XLogRecPtr lsn);
 static inline void reset_apply_error_context_info(void);
 
@@ -375,12 +389,34 @@ static inline void reset_apply_error_context_info(void);
  * record + 1 (ie start of next record) and next record can be COMMIT of
  * transaction we are now processing (which is what we set remote_final_lsn
  * to in apply_handle_begin).
+ *
+ * Note that for streaming transactions that are being applied in apply
+ * background worker, we disallow applying changes on a table that is not in
+ * the READY state, because we cannot decide whether to apply the change as we
+ * won't know remote_final_lsn by that time.
+ *
+ * We already checked this in apply_bgworker_can_start() before assigning the
+ * streaming transaction to the background worker, but it also needs to be
+ * checked here because if the user executes ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH
+ * PUBLICATION in parallel, the new table can be added to pg_subscription_rel
+ * in parallel while applying this transaction.
  */
 static bool
 should_apply_changes_for_rel(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *rel)
 {
 	if (am_tablesync_worker())
 		return MyLogicalRepWorker->relid == rel->localreloid;
+	else if (am_apply_bgworker())
+	{
+		if (rel->state != SUBREL_STATE_READY)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errmsg("logical replication apply workers for subscription \"%s\" will restart",
+							MySubscription->name),
+					 errdetail("Cannot handle streamed replication transaction by apply "
+							   "background workers until all tables are synchronized")));
+
+		return true;
+	}
 	else
 		return (rel->state == SUBREL_STATE_READY ||
 				(rel->state == SUBREL_STATE_SYNCDONE &&
@@ -426,43 +462,93 @@ end_replication_step(void)
 }
 
 /*
- * Handle streamed transactions.
+ * Handle streamed transactions for both the main apply worker and the apply
+ * background workers.
+ *
+ * In streaming case (receiving a block of streamed transaction), for
+ * SUBSTREAM_ON mode, simply redirect it to a file for the proper toplevel
+ * transaction, and for SUBSTREAM_PARALLEL mode, send the changes to apply
+ * background workers (LOGICAL_REP_MSG_RELATION or LOGICAL_REP_MSG_TYPE changes
+ * will be applied by both main and apply background workers).
  *
- * If in streaming mode (receiving a block of streamed transaction), we
- * simply redirect it to a file for the proper toplevel transaction.
+ * For non-streamed transactions, returns false;
+ * For streamed transactions, returns true if in main apply worker, false
+ * otherwise.
  *
- * Returns true for streamed transactions, false otherwise (regular mode).
+ * Exception: When the main apply worker is applying streaming transactions in
+ * parallel mode (e.g. when addressing LOGICAL_REP_MSG_RELATION or
+ * LOGICAL_REP_MSG_TYPE changes), then return false.
  */
 static bool
 handle_streamed_transaction(LogicalRepMsgType action, StringInfo s)
 {
-	TransactionId xid;
+	TransactionId current_xid = InvalidTransactionId;
+	ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo;
 
 	/* not in streaming mode */
-	if (!in_streamed_transaction)
+	if (!in_streamed_transaction &&
+		stream_apply_worker == NULL && !am_apply_bgworker())
 		return false;
 
-	Assert(stream_fd != NULL);
 	Assert(TransactionIdIsValid(stream_xid));
 
 	/*
 	 * We should have received XID of the subxact as the first part of the
 	 * message, so extract it.
 	 */
-	xid = pq_getmsgint(s, 4);
+	current_xid = pq_getmsgint(s, 4);
 
-	if (!TransactionIdIsValid(xid))
+	if (!TransactionIdIsValid(current_xid))
 		ereport(ERROR,
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
 				 errmsg_internal("invalid transaction ID in streamed replication transaction")));
 
-	/* Add the new subxact to the array (unless already there). */
-	subxact_info_add(xid);
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+	{
+		/* Define a savepoint for a subxact if needed. */
+		apply_bgworker_subxact_info_add(current_xid);
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if we are processing this transaction using an apply
+	 * background worker and if so, send the changes to that worker.
+	 */
+	else if ((winfo = apply_bgworker_find(stream_xid)))
+	{
+		apply_bgworker_send_data(winfo, s->len, s->data);
+		nchanges += 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * XXX The publisher side doesn't always send relation/type update
+		 * messages after the streaming transaction, so also update the
+		 * relation/type in main apply worker here. See function
+		 * cleanup_rel_sync_cache.
+		 */
+		if (action == LOGICAL_REP_MSG_RELATION ||
+			action == LOGICAL_REP_MSG_TYPE)
+			return false;
 
-	/* write the change to the current file */
-	stream_write_change(action, s);
+		return true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		Assert(stream_fd != NULL);
 
-	return true;
+		/*
+		 * This is the main apply worker, but there is no apply background worker,
+		 * so write to temporary files and apply when the final commit arrives.
+		 *
+		 * Add the new subxact to the array (unless already there).
+		 */
+		subxact_info_add(current_xid);
+
+		/* write the change to the current file */
+		stream_write_change(action, s);
+
+		return true;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
@@ -898,8 +984,11 @@ apply_handle_prepare_internal(LogicalRepPreparedTxnData *prepare_data)
 	 * BeginTransactionBlock is necessary to balance the EndTransactionBlock
 	 * called within the PrepareTransactionBlock below.
 	 */
-	BeginTransactionBlock();
-	CommitTransactionCommand(); /* Completes the preceding Begin command. */
+	if (!IsTransactionBlock())
+	{
+		BeginTransactionBlock();
+		CommitTransactionCommand(); /* Completes the preceding Begin command. */
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Update origin state so we can restart streaming from correct position
@@ -1064,15 +1153,12 @@ apply_handle_rollback_prepared(StringInfo s)
 
 /*
  * Handle STREAM PREPARE.
- *
- * Logic is in two parts:
- * 1. Replay all the spooled operations
- * 2. Mark the transaction as prepared
  */
 static void
 apply_handle_stream_prepare(StringInfo s)
 {
 	LogicalRepPreparedTxnData prepare_data;
+	ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo;
 
 	if (in_streamed_transaction)
 		ereport(ERROR,
@@ -1088,24 +1174,64 @@ apply_handle_stream_prepare(StringInfo s)
 	logicalrep_read_stream_prepare(s, &prepare_data);
 	set_apply_error_context_xact(prepare_data.xid, prepare_data.prepare_lsn);
 
-	elog(DEBUG1, "received prepare for streamed transaction %u", prepare_data.xid);
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+	{
+		/* Mark the transaction as prepared. */
+		apply_handle_prepare_internal(&prepare_data);
 
-	/* Replay all the spooled operations. */
-	apply_spooled_messages(prepare_data.xid, prepare_data.prepare_lsn);
+		CommitTransactionCommand();
 
-	/* Mark the transaction as prepared. */
-	apply_handle_prepare_internal(&prepare_data);
+		list_free(subxactlist);
+		subxactlist = NIL;
 
-	CommitTransactionCommand();
+		apply_bgworker_set_state(APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED);
+	}
 
-	pgstat_report_stat(false);
+	/*
+	 * Check if we are processing this transaction using an apply
+	 * background worker and if so, send the changes to that worker.
+	 */
+	else if ((winfo = apply_bgworker_find(prepare_data.xid)))
+	{
+		elog(DEBUG1, "received prepare for streamed transaction %u",
+			 prepare_data.xid);
 
-	store_flush_position(prepare_data.end_lsn);
+		/* Send STREAM PREPARE message to the apply background worker. */
+		apply_bgworker_send_data(winfo, s->len, s->data);
 
-	in_remote_transaction = false;
+		/*
+		 * After sending the data to the apply background worker, wait for
+		 * that worker to finish. This is necessary to maintain commit
+		 * order which avoids failures due to transaction dependencies and
+		 * deadlocks.
+		 */
+		apply_bgworker_wait_for(winfo, APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED);
+		apply_bgworker_free(winfo);
+
+		store_flush_position(prepare_data.end_lsn);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/*
+		 * The transaction has been serialized to file, so replay all the
+		 * spooled operations.
+		 */
+		apply_spooled_messages(prepare_data.xid, prepare_data.prepare_lsn);
 
-	/* unlink the files with serialized changes and subxact info. */
-	stream_cleanup_files(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, prepare_data.xid);
+		/* Mark the transaction as prepared. */
+		apply_handle_prepare_internal(&prepare_data);
+
+		CommitTransactionCommand();
+
+		store_flush_position(prepare_data.end_lsn);
+
+		/* Unlink the files with serialized changes and subxact info. */
+		stream_cleanup_files(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, prepare_data.xid);
+	}
+
+	pgstat_report_stat(false);
+
+	in_remote_transaction = false;
 
 	/* Process any tables that are being synchronized in parallel. */
 	process_syncing_tables(prepare_data.end_lsn);
@@ -1134,7 +1260,7 @@ apply_handle_origin(StringInfo s)
 	 * ORIGIN message can only come inside streaming transaction or inside
 	 * remote transaction and before any actual writes.
 	 */
-	if (!in_streamed_transaction &&
+	if (!in_streamed_transaction && stream_apply_worker == NULL &&
 		(!in_remote_transaction ||
 		 (IsTransactionState() && !am_tablesync_worker())))
 		ereport(ERROR,
@@ -1155,18 +1281,6 @@ apply_handle_stream_start(StringInfo s)
 				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
 				 errmsg_internal("duplicate STREAM START message")));
 
-	/*
-	 * Start a transaction on stream start, this transaction will be committed
-	 * on the stream stop unless it is a tablesync worker in which case it
-	 * will be committed after processing all the messages. We need the
-	 * transaction for handling the buffile, used for serializing the
-	 * streaming data and subxact info.
-	 */
-	begin_replication_step();
-
-	/* notify handle methods we're processing a remote transaction */
-	in_streamed_transaction = true;
-
 	/* extract XID of the top-level transaction */
 	stream_xid = logicalrep_read_stream_start(s, &first_segment);
 
@@ -1177,36 +1291,94 @@ apply_handle_stream_start(StringInfo s)
 
 	set_apply_error_context_xact(stream_xid, InvalidXLogRecPtr);
 
-	/*
-	 * Initialize the worker's stream_fileset if we haven't yet. This will be
-	 * used for the entire duration of the worker so create it in a permanent
-	 * context. We create this on the very first streaming message from any
-	 * transaction and then use it for this and other streaming transactions.
-	 * Now, we could create a fileset at the start of the worker as well but
-	 * then we won't be sure that it will ever be used.
-	 */
-	if (MyLogicalRepWorker->stream_fileset == NULL)
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
 	{
-		MemoryContext oldctx;
+		/*
+		 * Make sure the handle apply_dispatch methods are aware we're in a
+		 * remote transaction.
+		 */
+		in_remote_transaction = true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo;
 
-		oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyContext);
+		/*
+		 * This is the main apply worker. Check if there is any free apply
+		 * background worker we can use to process this transaction.
+		 */
+		if (first_segment)
+			winfo = apply_bgworker_start(stream_xid);
+		else
+			winfo = apply_bgworker_find(stream_xid);
 
-		MyLogicalRepWorker->stream_fileset = palloc(sizeof(FileSet));
-		FileSetInit(MyLogicalRepWorker->stream_fileset);
+		if (winfo)
+		{
+			/*
+			 * If we have found a free worker or if we are already applying
+			 * this transaction using an apply background worker, then we pass
+			 * the data to that worker.
+			 */
+			if (first_segment)
+				apply_bgworker_send_data(winfo, s->len, s->data);
 
-		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);
-	}
+			nchanges = 0;
+			elog(DEBUG1, "starting streaming of xid %u", stream_xid);
+
+			/* Cache the apply background worker for this transaction. */
+			stream_apply_worker = winfo;
+		}
+		else
+		{
 
-	/* open the spool file for this transaction */
-	stream_open_file(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, stream_xid, first_segment);
+			/* notify handle methods we're processing a remote transaction */
+			in_streamed_transaction = true;
 
-	/* if this is not the first segment, open existing subxact file */
-	if (!first_segment)
-		subxact_info_read(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, stream_xid);
+			/*
+			 * Since no apply background worker is available for the first
+			 * stream start, serialize all the changes of the transaction.
+			 *
+			 * Start a transaction on stream start, this transaction will be
+			 * committed on the stream stop unless it is a tablesync worker in
+			 * which case it will be committed after processing all the
+			 * messages. We need the transaction for handling the buffile,
+			 * used for serializing the streaming data and subxact info.
+			 */
+			begin_replication_step();
 
-	pgstat_report_activity(STATE_RUNNING, NULL);
+			/*
+			 * Initialize the worker's stream_fileset if we haven't yet. This will
+			 * be used for the entire duration of the worker so create it in a
+			 * permanent context. We create this on the very first streaming
+			 * message from any transaction and then use it for this and other
+			 * streaming transactions. Now, we could create a fileset at the start
+			 * of the worker as well but then we won't be sure that it will ever
+			 * be used.
+			 */
+			if (MyLogicalRepWorker->stream_fileset == NULL)
+			{
+				MemoryContext oldctx;
 
-	end_replication_step();
+				oldctx = MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyContext);
+
+				MyLogicalRepWorker->stream_fileset = palloc(sizeof(FileSet));
+				FileSetInit(MyLogicalRepWorker->stream_fileset);
+
+				MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);
+			}
+
+			/* Open the spool file for this transaction. */
+			stream_open_file(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, stream_xid, first_segment);
+
+			/* If this is not the first segment, open existing subxact file. */
+			if (!first_segment)
+				subxact_info_read(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, stream_xid);
+
+			end_replication_step();
+		}
+	}
+
+	pgstat_report_activity(STATE_RUNNING, NULL);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1215,58 +1387,73 @@ apply_handle_stream_start(StringInfo s)
 static void
 apply_handle_stream_stop(StringInfo s)
 {
-	if (!in_streamed_transaction)
-		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
-				 errmsg_internal("STREAM STOP message without STREAM START")));
+	ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo;
+
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+	{
+		elog(DEBUG1, "[Apply BGW #%u] ended processing streaming chunk, "
+			 "waiting on shm_mq_receive", MyParallelShared->worker_id);
+
+		pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLEINTRANSACTION, NULL);
+	}
 
 	/*
-	 * Close the file with serialized changes, and serialize information about
-	 * subxacts for the toplevel transaction.
+	 * Check if we are processing this transaction using an apply
+	 * background worker and if so, send the changes to that worker.
 	 */
-	subxact_info_write(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, stream_xid);
-	stream_close_file();
+	else if ((winfo = apply_bgworker_find(stream_xid)))
+	{
+		apply_bgworker_send_data(winfo, s->len, s->data);
 
-	/* We must be in a valid transaction state */
-	Assert(IsTransactionState());
+		elog(DEBUG1, "stopped streaming of xid %u, %u changes streamed", stream_xid, nchanges);
 
-	/* Commit the per-stream transaction */
-	CommitTransactionCommand();
+		stream_apply_worker = NULL;
 
-	in_streamed_transaction = false;
+		pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLE, NULL);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		if (!in_streamed_transaction)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+					 errmsg_internal("STREAM STOP message without STREAM START")));
+
+		/*
+		 * Close the file with serialized changes, and serialize information
+		 * about subxacts for the toplevel transaction.
+		 */
+		subxact_info_write(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, stream_xid);
+		stream_close_file();
 
-	/* Reset per-stream context */
-	MemoryContextReset(LogicalStreamingContext);
+		/* We must be in a valid transaction state */
+		Assert(IsTransactionState());
+
+		/* Commit the per-stream transaction */
+		CommitTransactionCommand();
+
+		/* Reset per-stream context */
+		MemoryContextReset(LogicalStreamingContext);
+
+		pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLE, NULL);
+	}
+
+	in_streamed_transaction = false;
 
-	pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLE, NULL);
 	reset_apply_error_context_info();
 }
 
 /*
- * Handle STREAM abort message.
+ * Handle STREAM ABORT message when the transaction was spilled to disk.
  */
 static void
-apply_handle_stream_abort(StringInfo s)
+serialize_stream_abort(TransactionId xid, TransactionId subxid)
 {
-	TransactionId xid;
-	TransactionId subxid;
-
-	if (in_streamed_transaction)
-		ereport(ERROR,
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
-				 errmsg_internal("STREAM ABORT message without STREAM STOP")));
-
-	logicalrep_read_stream_abort(s, &xid, &subxid);
-
 	/*
 	 * If the two XIDs are the same, it's in fact abort of toplevel xact, so
 	 * just delete the files with serialized info.
 	 */
 	if (xid == subxid)
-	{
-		set_apply_error_context_xact(xid, InvalidXLogRecPtr);
 		stream_cleanup_files(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, xid);
-	}
 	else
 	{
 		/*
@@ -1290,8 +1477,6 @@ apply_handle_stream_abort(StringInfo s)
 		bool		found = false;
 		char		path[MAXPGPATH];
 
-		set_apply_error_context_xact(subxid, InvalidXLogRecPtr);
-
 		subidx = -1;
 		begin_replication_step();
 		subxact_info_read(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, xid);
@@ -1316,7 +1501,6 @@ apply_handle_stream_abort(StringInfo s)
 			cleanup_subxact_info();
 			end_replication_step();
 			CommitTransactionCommand();
-			reset_apply_error_context_info();
 			return;
 		}
 
@@ -1339,6 +1523,153 @@ apply_handle_stream_abort(StringInfo s)
 		end_replication_step();
 		CommitTransactionCommand();
 	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle STREAM ABORT message when the transaction was applied in a apply
+ * background worker.
+ */
+static void
+apply_stream_abort_in_bgworker(LogicalRepStreamAbortData *abort_data,
+							   bool read_abort_lsn)
+{
+	TransactionId xid = abort_data->xid;
+	TransactionId subxid = abort_data->subxid;
+
+	elog(DEBUG1, "[Apply BGW #%u] aborting current transaction xid=%u, subxid=%u",
+		 MyParallelShared->worker_id , GetCurrentTransactionIdIfAny(),
+		 GetCurrentSubTransactionId());
+
+	/*
+	 * Update origin state so we can restart streaming from correct
+	 * position in case of crash.
+	 */
+	if (read_abort_lsn)
+	{
+		replorigin_session_origin_lsn = abort_data->abort_lsn;
+		replorigin_session_origin_timestamp = abort_data->abort_time;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the two XIDs are the same, it's in fact abort of toplevel xact,
+	 * so just free the subxactlist.
+	 */
+	if (subxid == xid)
+	{
+		AbortCurrentTransaction();
+
+		if (IsTransactionBlock())
+		{
+			EndTransactionBlock(false);
+			CommitTransactionCommand();
+		}
+
+		in_remote_transaction = false;
+		pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLE, NULL);
+
+		list_free(subxactlist);
+		subxactlist = NIL;
+
+		apply_bgworker_set_state(APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/*
+		 * OK, so it's a subxact. Rollback to the savepoint.
+		 *
+		 * We also need to read the subxactlist, determine the offset
+		 * tracked for the subxact, and truncate the list.
+		 */
+		int			i;
+		bool		found = false;
+		char		spname[MAXPGPATH];
+
+		apply_bgworker_savepoint_name(MySubscription->oid, subxid, spname,
+									  sizeof(spname));
+
+		elog(DEBUG1, "[Apply BGW #%u] rolling back to savepoint %s",
+			 MyParallelShared->worker_id, spname);
+
+		for (i = list_length(subxactlist) - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		{
+			xid = (TransactionId) list_nth_int(subxactlist, i);
+			if (xid == subxid)
+			{
+				found = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (found)
+		{
+			RollbackToSavepoint(spname);
+			CommitTransactionCommand();
+			subxactlist = list_truncate(subxactlist, i + 1);
+		}
+
+		pgstat_report_activity(STATE_IDLEINTRANSACTION, NULL);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Handle STREAM ABORT message.
+ */
+static void
+apply_handle_stream_abort(StringInfo s)
+{
+	TransactionId xid;
+	TransactionId subxid;
+	LogicalRepStreamAbortData abort_data;
+	bool read_abort_lsn = false;
+	ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo;
+
+	if (in_streamed_transaction)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_PROTOCOL_VIOLATION),
+				 errmsg_internal("STREAM ABORT message without STREAM STOP")));
+
+	/* Check whether the publisher sends abort_lsn and abort_time. */
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+		read_abort_lsn = MyParallelShared->proto_version >=
+						 LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_PARALLEL_VERSION_NUM;
+
+	logicalrep_read_stream_abort(s, &abort_data, read_abort_lsn);
+
+	xid = abort_data.xid;
+	subxid = abort_data.subxid;
+
+	set_apply_error_context_xact(subxid, abort_data.abort_lsn);
+
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+		apply_stream_abort_in_bgworker(&abort_data, read_abort_lsn);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if we are processing this transaction using an apply
+	 * background worker and if so, send the changes to that worker.
+	 */
+	else if ((winfo = apply_bgworker_find(xid)))
+	{
+		/* Send STREAM ABORT message to the apply background worker. */
+		apply_bgworker_send_data(winfo, s->len, s->data);
+
+		/*
+		 * After sending the data to the apply background worker, wait for
+		 * that worker to finish. This is necessary to maintain commit
+		 * order which avoids failures due to transaction dependencies and
+		 * deadlocks.
+		 */
+		if (subxid == xid)
+		{
+			apply_bgworker_wait_for(winfo, APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED);
+			apply_bgworker_free(winfo);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		/*
+		 * We are in main apply worker and the transaction has been
+		 * serialized to file.
+		 */
+		serialize_stream_abort(xid, subxid);
 
 	reset_apply_error_context_info();
 }
@@ -1470,6 +1801,7 @@ apply_handle_stream_commit(StringInfo s)
 {
 	TransactionId xid;
 	LogicalRepCommitData commit_data;
+	ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo;
 
 	if (in_streamed_transaction)
 		ereport(ERROR,
@@ -1479,14 +1811,60 @@ apply_handle_stream_commit(StringInfo s)
 	xid = logicalrep_read_stream_commit(s, &commit_data);
 	set_apply_error_context_xact(xid, commit_data.commit_lsn);
 
-	elog(DEBUG1, "received commit for streamed transaction %u", xid);
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+	{
+		apply_handle_commit_internal(&commit_data);
 
-	apply_spooled_messages(xid, commit_data.commit_lsn);
+		list_free(subxactlist);
+		subxactlist = NIL;
 
-	apply_handle_commit_internal(&commit_data);
+		apply_bgworker_set_state(APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if we are processing this transaction using an apply
+	 * background worker and if so, send the changes to that worker.
+	 */
+	else if ((winfo = apply_bgworker_find(xid)))
+	{
+		elog(DEBUG1, "received commit for streamed transaction %u", xid);
 
-	/* unlink the files with serialized changes and subxact info */
-	stream_cleanup_files(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, xid);
+		/* Send STREAM COMMIT message to the apply background worker. */
+		apply_bgworker_send_data(winfo, s->len, s->data);
+
+		/*
+		 * After sending the data to the apply background worker, wait for
+		 * that worker to finish. This is necessary to maintain commit
+		 * order which avoids failures due to transaction dependencies and
+		 * deadlocks.
+		 */
+		apply_bgworker_wait_for(winfo, APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED);
+
+		pgstat_report_stat(false);
+		store_flush_position(commit_data.end_lsn);
+		stop_skipping_changes();
+
+		apply_bgworker_free(winfo);
+
+		/*
+		 * The transaction is either non-empty or skipped, so we clear the
+		 * subskiplsn.
+		 */
+		clear_subscription_skip_lsn(commit_data.commit_lsn);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		/*
+		 * The transaction has been serialized to file, so replay all the
+		 * spooled operations.
+		 */
+		apply_spooled_messages(xid, commit_data.commit_lsn);
+
+		apply_handle_commit_internal(&commit_data);
+
+		/* Unlink the files with serialized changes and subxact info. */
+		stream_cleanup_files(MyLogicalRepWorker->subid, xid);
+	}
 
 	/* Process any tables that are being synchronized in parallel. */
 	process_syncing_tables(commit_data.end_lsn);
@@ -1530,6 +1908,13 @@ apply_handle_commit_internal(LogicalRepCommitData *commit_data)
 		replorigin_session_origin_timestamp = commit_data->committime;
 
 		CommitTransactionCommand();
+
+		if (IsTransactionBlock())
+		{
+			EndTransactionBlock(false);
+			CommitTransactionCommand();
+		}
+
 		pgstat_report_stat(false);
 
 		store_flush_position(commit_data->end_lsn);
@@ -2467,7 +2852,7 @@ apply_handle_truncate(StringInfo s)
 /*
  * Logical replication protocol message dispatcher.
  */
-static void
+void
 apply_dispatch(StringInfo s)
 {
 	LogicalRepMsgType action = pq_getmsgbyte(s);
@@ -2636,6 +3021,10 @@ store_flush_position(XLogRecPtr remote_lsn)
 {
 	FlushPosition *flushpos;
 
+	/* Skip if not the main apply worker */
+	if (am_apply_bgworker())
+		return;
+
 	/* Need to do this in permanent context */
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(ApplyContext);
 
@@ -2650,7 +3039,7 @@ store_flush_position(XLogRecPtr remote_lsn)
 
 
 /* Update statistics of the worker. */
-static void
+void
 UpdateWorkerStats(XLogRecPtr last_lsn, TimestampTz send_time, bool reply)
 {
 	MyLogicalRepWorker->last_lsn = last_lsn;
@@ -2700,6 +3089,7 @@ LogicalRepApplyLoop(XLogRecPtr last_received)
 	errcallback.callback = apply_error_callback;
 	errcallback.previous = error_context_stack;
 	error_context_stack = &errcallback;
+	apply_error_context_stack = error_context_stack;
 
 	/* This outer loop iterates once per wait. */
 	for (;;)
@@ -2914,6 +3304,7 @@ LogicalRepApplyLoop(XLogRecPtr last_received)
 
 	/* Pop the error context stack */
 	error_context_stack = errcallback.previous;
+	apply_error_context_stack = error_context_stack;
 
 	/* All done */
 	walrcv_endstreaming(LogRepWorkerWalRcvConn, &tli);
@@ -3114,7 +3505,7 @@ maybe_reread_subscription(void)
 /*
  * Callback from subscription syscache invalidation.
  */
-static void
+void
 subscription_change_cb(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue)
 {
 	MySubscriptionValid = false;
@@ -3569,37 +3960,14 @@ start_apply(XLogRecPtr origin_startpos)
 	PG_END_TRY();
 }
 
-/* Logical Replication Apply worker entry point */
+/*
+ * Initialize the database connection, in-memory subscription and necessary
+ * config options.
+ */
 void
-ApplyWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
+InitializeApplyWorker(void)
 {
-	int			worker_slot = DatumGetInt32(main_arg);
 	MemoryContext oldctx;
-	char		originname[NAMEDATALEN];
-	XLogRecPtr	origin_startpos = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
-	char	   *myslotname = NULL;
-	WalRcvStreamOptions options;
-	int			server_version;
-
-	/* Attach to slot */
-	logicalrep_worker_attach(worker_slot);
-
-	/* Setup signal handling */
-	pqsignal(SIGHUP, SignalHandlerForConfigReload);
-	pqsignal(SIGTERM, die);
-	BackgroundWorkerUnblockSignals();
-
-	/*
-	 * We don't currently need any ResourceOwner in a walreceiver process, but
-	 * if we did, we could call CreateAuxProcessResourceOwner here.
-	 */
-
-	/* Initialise stats to a sanish value */
-	MyLogicalRepWorker->last_send_time = MyLogicalRepWorker->last_recv_time =
-		MyLogicalRepWorker->reply_time = GetCurrentTimestamp();
-
-	/* Load the libpq-specific functions */
-	load_file("libpqwalreceiver", false);
 
 	/* Run as replica session replication role. */
 	SetConfigOption("session_replication_role", "replica",
@@ -3659,12 +4027,50 @@ ApplyWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
 		ereport(LOG,
 				(errmsg("logical replication table synchronization worker for subscription \"%s\", table \"%s\" has started",
 						MySubscription->name, get_rel_name(MyLogicalRepWorker->relid))));
+	else if (am_apply_bgworker())
+		ereport(LOG,
+				(errmsg("logical replication apply background worker for subscription \"%s\" has started",
+						MySubscription->name)));
 	else
 		ereport(LOG,
 				(errmsg("logical replication apply worker for subscription \"%s\" has started",
 						MySubscription->name)));
 
 	CommitTransactionCommand();
+}
+
+/* Logical Replication Apply worker entry point */
+void
+ApplyWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
+{
+	int			worker_slot = DatumGetInt32(main_arg);
+	char		originname[NAMEDATALEN];
+	XLogRecPtr	origin_startpos = InvalidXLogRecPtr;
+	char	   *myslotname = NULL;
+	WalRcvStreamOptions options;
+	int			server_version;
+
+	/* Attach to slot */
+	logicalrep_worker_attach(worker_slot);
+
+	/* Setup signal handling */
+	pqsignal(SIGHUP, SignalHandlerForConfigReload);
+	pqsignal(SIGTERM, die);
+	BackgroundWorkerUnblockSignals();
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't currently need any ResourceOwner in a walreceiver process, but
+	 * if we did, we could call CreateAuxProcessResourceOwner here.
+	 */
+
+	/* Initialise stats to a sanish value */
+	MyLogicalRepWorker->last_send_time = MyLogicalRepWorker->last_recv_time =
+		MyLogicalRepWorker->reply_time = GetCurrentTimestamp();
+
+	/* Load the libpq-specific functions */
+	load_file("libpqwalreceiver", false);
+
+	InitializeApplyWorker();
 
 	/* Connect to the origin and start the replication. */
 	elog(DEBUG1, "connecting to publisher using connection string \"%s\"",
@@ -3710,7 +4116,7 @@ ApplyWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
 		originid = replorigin_by_name(originname, true);
 		if (!OidIsValid(originid))
 			originid = replorigin_create(originname);
-		replorigin_session_setup(originid);
+		replorigin_session_setup(originid, 0);
 		replorigin_session_origin = originid;
 		origin_startpos = replorigin_session_get_progress(false);
 		CommitTransactionCommand();
@@ -3751,13 +4157,14 @@ ApplyWorkerMain(Datum main_arg)
 
 	server_version = walrcv_server_version(LogRepWorkerWalRcvConn);
 	options.proto.logical.proto_version =
+		server_version >= 160000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_PARALLEL_VERSION_NUM :
 		server_version >= 150000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_TWOPHASE_VERSION_NUM :
 		server_version >= 140000 ? LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_VERSION_NUM :
 		LOGICALREP_PROTO_VERSION_NUM;
 
 	options.proto.logical.publication_names = MySubscription->publications;
 	options.proto.logical.binary = MySubscription->binary;
-	options.proto.logical.streaming = MySubscription->stream;
+	options.proto.logical.streaming = (MySubscription->stream != SUBSTREAM_OFF);
 	options.proto.logical.twophase = false;
 	options.proto.logical.origin = pstrdup(MySubscription->origin);
 
@@ -3916,7 +4323,8 @@ clear_subscription_skip_lsn(XLogRecPtr finish_lsn)
 	XLogRecPtr	myskiplsn = MySubscription->skiplsn;
 	bool		started_tx = false;
 
-	if (likely(XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(myskiplsn)))
+	if (likely(XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(myskiplsn)) ||
+		am_apply_bgworker())
 		return;
 
 	if (!IsTransactionState())
@@ -3988,7 +4396,7 @@ clear_subscription_skip_lsn(XLogRecPtr finish_lsn)
 }
 
 /* Error callback to give more context info about the change being applied */
-static void
+void
 apply_error_callback(void *arg)
 {
 	ApplyErrorCallbackArg *errarg = &apply_error_callback_arg;
@@ -4016,23 +4424,47 @@ apply_error_callback(void *arg)
 					   errarg->remote_xid,
 					   LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(errarg->finish_lsn));
 	}
-	else if (errarg->remote_attnum < 0)
-		errcontext("processing remote data for replication origin \"%s\" during \"%s\" for replication target relation \"%s.%s\" in transaction %u finished at %X/%X",
-				   errarg->origin_name,
-				   logicalrep_message_type(errarg->command),
-				   errarg->rel->remoterel.nspname,
-				   errarg->rel->remoterel.relname,
-				   errarg->remote_xid,
-				   LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(errarg->finish_lsn));
 	else
-		errcontext("processing remote data for replication origin \"%s\" during \"%s\" for replication target relation \"%s.%s\" column \"%s\" in transaction %u finished at %X/%X",
-				   errarg->origin_name,
-				   logicalrep_message_type(errarg->command),
-				   errarg->rel->remoterel.nspname,
-				   errarg->rel->remoterel.relname,
-				   errarg->rel->remoterel.attnames[errarg->remote_attnum],
-				   errarg->remote_xid,
-				   LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(errarg->finish_lsn));
+	{
+		if (errarg->remote_attnum < 0)
+		{
+			if (XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(errarg->finish_lsn))
+				errcontext("processing remote data for replication origin \"%s\" during \"%s\" for replication target relation \"%s.%s\" in transaction %u",
+						   errarg->origin_name,
+						   logicalrep_message_type(errarg->command),
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.nspname,
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.relname,
+						   errarg->remote_xid);
+			else
+				errcontext("processing remote data for replication origin \"%s\" during \"%s\" for replication target relation \"%s.%s\" in transaction %u finished at %X/%X",
+						   errarg->origin_name,
+						   logicalrep_message_type(errarg->command),
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.nspname,
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.relname,
+						   errarg->remote_xid,
+						   LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(errarg->finish_lsn));
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(errarg->finish_lsn))
+				errcontext("processing remote data for replication origin \"%s\" during \"%s\" for replication target relation \"%s.%s\" column \"%s\" in transaction %u",
+						   errarg->origin_name,
+						   logicalrep_message_type(errarg->command),
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.nspname,
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.relname,
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.attnames[errarg->remote_attnum],
+						   errarg->remote_xid);
+			else
+				errcontext("processing remote data for replication origin \"%s\" during \"%s\" for replication target relation \"%s.%s\" column \"%s\" in transaction %u finished at %X/%X",
+						   errarg->origin_name,
+						   logicalrep_message_type(errarg->command),
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.nspname,
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.relname,
+						   errarg->rel->remoterel.attnames[errarg->remote_attnum],
+						   errarg->remote_xid,
+						   LSN_FORMAT_ARGS(errarg->finish_lsn));
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 /* Set transaction information of apply error callback */
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/pgoutput/pgoutput.c b/src/backend/replication/pgoutput/pgoutput.c
index 62e0ffe..d3f19b8 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/pgoutput/pgoutput.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/pgoutput/pgoutput.c
@@ -1843,6 +1843,9 @@ pgoutput_stream_abort(struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
 					  XLogRecPtr abort_lsn)
 {
 	ReorderBufferTXN *toptxn;
+	PGOutputData *data = (PGOutputData *) ctx->output_plugin_private;
+	bool write_abort_lsn = (data->protocol_version >=
+							LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_PARALLEL_VERSION_NUM);
 
 	/*
 	 * The abort should happen outside streaming block, even for streamed
@@ -1856,7 +1859,8 @@ pgoutput_stream_abort(struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
 	Assert(rbtxn_is_streamed(toptxn));
 
 	OutputPluginPrepareWrite(ctx, true);
-	logicalrep_write_stream_abort(ctx->out, toptxn->xid, txn->xid);
+	logicalrep_write_stream_abort(ctx->out, toptxn->xid, txn, abort_lsn,
+								  write_abort_lsn);
 	OutputPluginWrite(ctx, true);
 
 	cleanup_rel_sync_cache(toptxn->xid, false);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index 21a9fc0..98a9163 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "commands/async.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
+#include "replication/logicalworker.h"
 #include "replication/walsender.h"
 #include "storage/condition_variable.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
@@ -657,6 +658,9 @@ procsignal_sigusr1_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS)
 	if (CheckProcSignal(PROCSIG_LOG_MEMORY_CONTEXT))
 		HandleLogMemoryContextInterrupt();
 
+	if (CheckProcSignal(PROCSIG_APPLY_BGWORKER_MESSAGE))
+		HandleApplyBgworkerMessageInterrupt();
+
 	if (CheckProcSignal(PROCSIG_RECOVERY_CONFLICT_DATABASE))
 		RecoveryConflictInterrupt(PROCSIG_RECOVERY_CONFLICT_DATABASE);
 
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
index 7bec4e4..7edb3d1 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
@@ -3377,6 +3377,9 @@ ProcessInterrupts(void)
 
 	if (LogMemoryContextPending)
 		ProcessLogMemoryContextInterrupt();
+
+	if (ApplyBgworkerMessagePending)
+		HandleApplyBgworkerMessages();
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/wait_event.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/wait_event.c
index 92f24a6..7b66766 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/wait_event.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/wait_event.c
@@ -388,6 +388,9 @@ pgstat_get_wait_ipc(WaitEventIPC w)
 		case WAIT_EVENT_HASH_GROW_BUCKETS_REINSERT:
 			event_name = "HashGrowBucketsReinsert";
 			break;
+		case WAIT_EVENT_LOGICAL_APPLY_BGWORKER_STATE_CHANGE:
+			event_name = "LogicalApplyBgworkerStateChange";
+			break;
 		case WAIT_EVENT_LOGICAL_SYNC_DATA:
 			event_name = "LogicalSyncData";
 			break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
index 9fbbfb1..816b102 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
@@ -3223,6 +3223,18 @@ static struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
 	},
 
 	{
+		{"max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription",
+			PGC_SIGHUP,
+			REPLICATION_SUBSCRIBERS,
+			gettext_noop("Maximum number of apply background workers per subscription."),
+			NULL,
+		},
+		&max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription,
+		2, 0, MAX_BACKENDS,
+		NULL, NULL, NULL
+	},
+
+	{
 		{"log_rotation_age", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
 			gettext_noop("Sets the amount of time to wait before forcing "
 						 "log file rotation."),
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample b/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
index 90bec05..734d07b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample
@@ -360,6 +360,7 @@
 #max_logical_replication_workers = 4	# taken from max_worker_processes
 					# (change requires restart)
 #max_sync_workers_per_subscription = 2	# taken from max_logical_replication_workers
+#max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription = 2	# taken from max_logical_replication_workers
 
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
index 2c68915..46a3d01 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c
@@ -4480,7 +4480,7 @@ getSubscriptions(Archive *fout)
 	if (fout->remoteVersion >= 140000)
 		appendPQExpBufferStr(query, " s.substream,\n");
 	else
-		appendPQExpBufferStr(query, " false AS substream,\n");
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(query, " 'f' AS substream,\n");
 
 	if (fout->remoteVersion >= 150000)
 		appendPQExpBufferStr(query,
@@ -4617,8 +4617,10 @@ dumpSubscription(Archive *fout, const SubscriptionInfo *subinfo)
 	if (strcmp(subinfo->subbinary, "t") == 0)
 		appendPQExpBufferStr(query, ", binary = true");
 
-	if (strcmp(subinfo->substream, "f") != 0)
+	if (strcmp(subinfo->substream, "t") == 0)
 		appendPQExpBufferStr(query, ", streaming = on");
+	else if (strcmp(subinfo->substream, "p") == 0)
+		appendPQExpBufferStr(query, ", streaming = parallel");
 
 	if (strcmp(subinfo->subtwophasestate, two_phase_disabled) != 0)
 		appendPQExpBufferStr(query, ", two_phase = on");
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h
index 7b98714..f4e1e94 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_subscription.h
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@ CATALOG(pg_subscription,6100,SubscriptionRelationId) BKI_SHARED_RELATION BKI_ROW
 	bool		subbinary;		/* True if the subscription wants the
 								 * publisher to send data in binary */
 
-	bool		substream;		/* Stream in-progress transactions. */
+	char		substream;		/* Stream in-progress transactions.
+								 * See SUBSTREAM_xxx constants. */
 
 	char		subtwophasestate;	/* Stream two-phase transactions */
 
@@ -124,7 +125,8 @@ typedef struct Subscription
 	bool		enabled;		/* Indicates if the subscription is enabled */
 	bool		binary;			/* Indicates if the subscription wants data in
 								 * binary format */
-	bool		stream;			/* Allow streaming in-progress transactions. */
+	char		stream;			/* Allow streaming in-progress transactions.
+								 * See SUBSTREAM_xxx constants. */
 	char		twophasestate;	/* Allow streaming two-phase transactions */
 	bool		disableonerr;	/* Indicates if the subscription should be
 								 * automatically disabled if a worker error
@@ -137,6 +139,21 @@ typedef struct Subscription
 								 * specified origin */
 } Subscription;
 
+/* Disallow streaming in-progress transactions. */
+#define SUBSTREAM_OFF 'f'
+
+/*
+ * Streaming in-progress transactions are written to a temporary file and
+ * applied only after the transaction is committed on upstream.
+ */
+#define SUBSTREAM_ON 't'
+
+/*
+ * Streaming in-progress transactions are applied immediately via a background
+ * worker.
+ */
+#define SUBSTREAM_PARALLEL 'p'
+
 extern Subscription *GetSubscription(Oid subid, bool missing_ok);
 extern void FreeSubscription(Subscription *sub);
 extern void DisableSubscription(Oid subid);
diff --git a/src/include/replication/logicallauncher.h b/src/include/replication/logicallauncher.h
index f1e2821..ac8ef94 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/logicallauncher.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/logicallauncher.h
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int max_logical_replication_workers;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int max_sync_workers_per_subscription;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT int max_apply_bgworkers_per_subscription;
 
 extern void ApplyLauncherRegister(void);
 extern void ApplyLauncherMain(Datum main_arg);
diff --git a/src/include/replication/logicalproto.h b/src/include/replication/logicalproto.h
index a771ab8..eb0fd24 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/logicalproto.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/logicalproto.h
@@ -32,12 +32,17 @@
  *
  * LOGICALREP_PROTO_TWOPHASE_VERSION_NUM is the minimum protocol version with
  * support for two-phase commit decoding (at prepare time). Introduced in PG15.
+ *
+ * LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_PARALLEL_VERSION_NUM is the minimum protocol version
+ * with support for streaming large transactions using apply background
+ * workers. Introduced in PG16.
  */
 #define LOGICALREP_PROTO_MIN_VERSION_NUM 1
 #define LOGICALREP_PROTO_VERSION_NUM 1
 #define LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_VERSION_NUM 2
 #define LOGICALREP_PROTO_TWOPHASE_VERSION_NUM 3
-#define LOGICALREP_PROTO_MAX_VERSION_NUM LOGICALREP_PROTO_TWOPHASE_VERSION_NUM
+#define LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_PARALLEL_VERSION_NUM 4
+#define LOGICALREP_PROTO_MAX_VERSION_NUM LOGICALREP_PROTO_STREAM_PARALLEL_VERSION_NUM
 
 /*
  * Logical message types
@@ -175,6 +180,17 @@ typedef struct LogicalRepRollbackPreparedTxnData
 	char		gid[GIDSIZE];
 } LogicalRepRollbackPreparedTxnData;
 
+/*
+ * Transaction protocol information for stream abort.
+ */
+typedef struct LogicalRepStreamAbortData
+{
+	TransactionId xid;
+	TransactionId subxid;
+	XLogRecPtr	abort_lsn;
+	TimestampTz abort_time;
+} LogicalRepStreamAbortData;
+
 extern void logicalrep_write_begin(StringInfo out, ReorderBufferTXN *txn);
 extern void logicalrep_read_begin(StringInfo in,
 								  LogicalRepBeginData *begin_data);
@@ -246,9 +262,12 @@ extern void logicalrep_write_stream_commit(StringInfo out, ReorderBufferTXN *txn
 extern TransactionId logicalrep_read_stream_commit(StringInfo out,
 												   LogicalRepCommitData *commit_data);
 extern void logicalrep_write_stream_abort(StringInfo out, TransactionId xid,
-										  TransactionId subxid);
-extern void logicalrep_read_stream_abort(StringInfo in, TransactionId *xid,
-										 TransactionId *subxid);
+										  ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
+										  XLogRecPtr abort_lsn,
+										  bool write_abort_lsn);
+extern void logicalrep_read_stream_abort(StringInfo in,
+										 LogicalRepStreamAbortData *abort_data,
+										 bool read_abort_lsn);
 extern char *logicalrep_message_type(LogicalRepMsgType action);
 
 #endif							/* LOGICAL_PROTO_H */
diff --git a/src/include/replication/logicalworker.h b/src/include/replication/logicalworker.h
index cd1b6e8..000e23d 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/logicalworker.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/logicalworker.h
@@ -12,8 +12,13 @@
 #ifndef LOGICALWORKER_H
 #define LOGICALWORKER_H
 
+extern PGDLLIMPORT volatile bool ApplyBgworkerMessagePending;
+
 extern void ApplyWorkerMain(Datum main_arg);
+extern void ApplyBgworkerMain(Datum main_arg);
 
 extern bool IsLogicalWorker(void);
+extern void HandleApplyBgworkerMessageInterrupt(void);
+extern void HandleApplyBgworkerMessages(void);
 
 #endif							/* LOGICALWORKER_H */
diff --git a/src/include/replication/origin.h b/src/include/replication/origin.h
index 2d1b5e5..e8ed455 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/origin.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/origin.h
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ extern XLogRecPtr replorigin_get_progress(RepOriginId node, bool flush);
 
 extern void replorigin_session_advance(XLogRecPtr remote_commit,
 									   XLogRecPtr local_commit);
-extern void replorigin_session_setup(RepOriginId node);
+extern void replorigin_session_setup(RepOriginId node, int apply_leader_pid);
 extern void replorigin_session_reset(void);
 extern XLogRecPtr replorigin_session_get_progress(bool flush);
 
diff --git a/src/include/replication/reorderbuffer.h b/src/include/replication/reorderbuffer.h
index 8695901..a74b616 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/reorderbuffer.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/reorderbuffer.h
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ typedef struct ReorderBufferTXN
 	{
 		TimestampTz commit_time;
 		TimestampTz prepare_time;
+		TimestampTz abort_time;
 	}			xact_time;
 
 	/*
@@ -658,9 +659,11 @@ extern void ReorderBufferFinishPrepared(ReorderBuffer *rb, TransactionId xid,
 extern void ReorderBufferAssignChild(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId, TransactionId, XLogRecPtr commit_lsn);
 extern void ReorderBufferCommitChild(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId, TransactionId,
 									 XLogRecPtr commit_lsn, XLogRecPtr end_lsn);
-extern void ReorderBufferAbort(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId, XLogRecPtr lsn);
+extern void ReorderBufferAbort(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId, XLogRecPtr lsn,
+							   TimestampTz abort_time);
 extern void ReorderBufferAbortOld(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId xid);
-extern void ReorderBufferForget(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId, XLogRecPtr lsn);
+extern void ReorderBufferForget(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId, XLogRecPtr lsn,
+								TimestampTz abort_time);
 extern void ReorderBufferInvalidate(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId, XLogRecPtr lsn);
 
 extern void ReorderBufferSetBaseSnapshot(ReorderBuffer *, TransactionId, XLogRecPtr lsn, struct SnapshotData *snap);
diff --git a/src/include/replication/worker_internal.h b/src/include/replication/worker_internal.h
index 901845a..4308006 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/worker_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/worker_internal.h
@@ -17,8 +17,12 @@
 #include "access/xlogdefs.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_subscription.h"
 #include "datatype/timestamp.h"
+#include "miscadmin.h"
+#include "replication/logicalrelation.h"
 #include "storage/fileset.h"
 #include "storage/lock.h"
+#include "storage/shm_mq.h"
+#include "storage/shm_toc.h"
 #include "storage/spin.h"
 
 
@@ -60,6 +64,12 @@ typedef struct LogicalRepWorker
 	 */
 	FileSet    *stream_fileset;
 
+	/*
+	 * PID of main apply worker if this slot is used for an apply background
+	 * worker, InvalidPid otherwise.
+	 */
+	pid_t			apply_leader_pid;
+
 	/* Stats. */
 	XLogRecPtr	last_lsn;
 	TimestampTz last_send_time;
@@ -68,8 +78,84 @@ typedef struct LogicalRepWorker
 	TimestampTz reply_time;
 } LogicalRepWorker;
 
+/* Struct for saving and restoring apply errcontext information */
+typedef struct ApplyErrorCallbackArg
+{
+	LogicalRepMsgType command;	/* 0 if invalid */
+	LogicalRepRelMapEntry *rel;
+
+	/* Remote node information */
+	int			remote_attnum;	/* -1 if invalid */
+	TransactionId remote_xid;
+	XLogRecPtr	finish_lsn;
+	char	   *origin_name;
+} ApplyErrorCallbackArg;
+
+/*
+ * Apply background worker states.
+ */
+typedef enum ApplyBgworkerState
+{
+	APPLY_BGWORKER_BUSY,		/* assigned to a transaction */
+	APPLY_BGWORKER_FINISHED		/* transaction is completed */
+} ApplyBgworkerState;
+
+/*
+ * Struct for sharing information between apply main and apply background
+ * workers.
+ */
+typedef struct ApplyBgworkerShared
+{
+	slock_t	mutex;
+
+	/* State of apply background worker. */
+	ApplyBgworkerState	state;
+
+	/* Logical protocol version. */
+	uint32	proto_version;
+
+	TransactionId	stream_xid;
+
+	/* ID of apply background worker */
+	uint32	worker_id;
+
+	/* Information from the corresponding LogicalRepWorker slot */
+	uint16					logicalrep_worker_generation;
+
+	int						logicalrep_worker_slot_no;
+} ApplyBgworkerShared;
+
+/*
+ * Information which is used to manage the apply background worker.
+ */
+typedef struct ApplyBgworkerInfo
+{
+	shm_mq_handle			*mq_handle;
+
+	/*
+	 * The queue used to transfer messages from the apply background worker to
+	 * the main apply worker. NULL if the apply background worker exited
+	 * cleanly.
+	 */
+	shm_mq_handle			*error_mq_handle;
+
+	dsm_segment				*dsm_seg;
+
+	ApplyBgworkerShared volatile	*shared;
+} ApplyBgworkerInfo;
+
 /* Main memory context for apply worker. Permanent during worker lifetime. */
 extern PGDLLIMPORT MemoryContext ApplyContext;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT MemoryContext ApplyMessageContext;
+
+extern PGDLLIMPORT ErrorContextCallback	*apply_error_context_stack;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT ApplyErrorCallbackArg apply_error_callback_arg;
+
+extern PGDLLIMPORT bool MySubscriptionValid;
+
+extern PGDLLIMPORT volatile ApplyBgworkerShared *MyParallelShared;
+
+extern PGDLLIMPORT List *subxactlist;
 
 /* libpqreceiver connection */
 extern PGDLLIMPORT struct WalReceiverConn *LogRepWorkerWalRcvConn;
@@ -79,18 +165,24 @@ extern PGDLLIMPORT Subscription *MySubscription;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT LogicalRepWorker *MyLogicalRepWorker;
 
 extern PGDLLIMPORT bool in_remote_transaction;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT bool in_streamed_transaction;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT TransactionId stream_xid;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT ApplyBgworkerInfo *stream_apply_worker;
 
 extern void logicalrep_worker_attach(int slot);
 extern LogicalRepWorker *logicalrep_worker_find(Oid subid, Oid relid,
 												bool only_running);
 extern List *logicalrep_workers_find(Oid subid, bool only_running);
-extern void logicalrep_worker_launch(Oid dbid, Oid subid, const char *subname,
-									 Oid userid, Oid relid);
+extern bool logicalrep_worker_launch(Oid dbid, Oid subid, const char *subname,
+									 Oid userid, Oid relid,
+									 dsm_handle subworker_dsm);
 extern void logicalrep_worker_stop(Oid subid, Oid relid);
+extern void logicalrep_worker_stop_by_slot(int slot_no, uint16 generation);
 extern void logicalrep_worker_wakeup(Oid subid, Oid relid);
 extern void logicalrep_worker_wakeup_ptr(LogicalRepWorker *worker);
 
 extern int	logicalrep_sync_worker_count(Oid subid);
+extern int	logicalrep_apply_bgworker_count(Oid subid);
 
 extern void ReplicationOriginNameForTablesync(Oid suboid, Oid relid,
 											  char *originname, int szorgname);
@@ -103,10 +195,44 @@ extern void process_syncing_tables(XLogRecPtr current_lsn);
 extern void invalidate_syncing_table_states(Datum arg, int cacheid,
 											uint32 hashvalue);
 
+extern void UpdateWorkerStats(XLogRecPtr last_lsn, TimestampTz send_time,
+							  bool reply);
+
+extern void apply_dispatch(StringInfo s);
+
+extern void InitializeApplyWorker(void);
+
+/* Function for apply error callback */
+extern void apply_error_callback(void *arg);
+
+extern void subscription_change_cb(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue);
+
+/* Apply background worker setup and interactions */
+extern ApplyBgworkerInfo *apply_bgworker_start(TransactionId xid);
+extern ApplyBgworkerInfo *apply_bgworker_find(TransactionId xid);
+extern void apply_bgworker_free(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo);
+extern void apply_bgworker_set_state(ApplyBgworkerState state);
+extern void apply_bgworker_wait_for(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo,
+									ApplyBgworkerState wait_for_state);
+extern void apply_bgworker_send_data(ApplyBgworkerInfo *winfo, Size nbytes,
+									 const void *data);
+
+extern void apply_bgworker_subxact_info_add(TransactionId current_xid);
+extern void apply_bgworker_savepoint_name(Oid suboid, Oid relid,
+										  char *spname, int szsp);
+
+#define isApplyBgWorker(worker) (worker->apply_leader_pid != InvalidPid)
+
 static inline bool
 am_tablesync_worker(void)
 {
 	return OidIsValid(MyLogicalRepWorker->relid);
 }
 
+static inline bool
+am_apply_bgworker(void)
+{
+	return isApplyBgWorker(MyLogicalRepWorker);
+}
+
 #endif							/* WORKER_INTERNAL_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/procsignal.h b/src/include/storage/procsignal.h
index ee63690..33af33e 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/procsignal.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/procsignal.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ typedef enum
 	PROCSIG_WALSND_INIT_STOPPING,	/* ask walsenders to prepare for shutdown  */
 	PROCSIG_BARRIER,			/* global barrier interrupt  */
 	PROCSIG_LOG_MEMORY_CONTEXT, /* ask backend to log the memory contexts */
+	PROCSIG_APPLY_BGWORKER_MESSAGE,	/* Message from apply background workers */
 
 	/* Recovery conflict reasons */
 	PROCSIG_RECOVERY_CONFLICT_DATABASE,
diff --git a/src/include/utils/wait_event.h b/src/include/utils/wait_event.h
index 6f2d561..8acee63 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/wait_event.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/wait_event.h
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ typedef enum
 	WAIT_EVENT_HASH_GROW_BUCKETS_ALLOCATE,
 	WAIT_EVENT_HASH_GROW_BUCKETS_ELECT,
 	WAIT_EVENT_HASH_GROW_BUCKETS_REINSERT,
+	WAIT_EVENT_LOGICAL_APPLY_BGWORKER_STATE_CHANGE,
 	WAIT_EVENT_LOGICAL_SYNC_DATA,
 	WAIT_EVENT_LOGICAL_SYNC_STATE_CHANGE,
 	WAIT_EVENT_MQ_INTERNAL,
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out b/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out
index ef0ebf9..99b9e86 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/subscription.out
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
 (1 row)
 
 DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
--- fail - streaming must be boolean
+-- fail - streaming must be boolean or 'parallel'
 CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = foo);
-ERROR:  streaming requires a Boolean value
+ERROR:  streaming requires a Boolean value or "parallel"
 -- now it works
 CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = true);
 WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ... REFRESH PUBLICATION to subscribe the tables
@@ -230,6 +230,14 @@ WARNING:  tables were not subscribed, you will have to run ALTER SUBSCRIPTION ..
  regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | t         | d                | f                | any    | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
 (1 row)
 
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (streaming = parallel);
+\dRs+
+                                                                                         List of subscriptions
+      Name       |           Owner           | Enabled | Publication | Binary | Streaming | Two-phase commit | Disable on error | Origin | Synchronous commit |          Conninfo           | Skip LSN 
+-----------------+---------------------------+---------+-------------+--------+-----------+------------------+------------------+--------+--------------------+-----------------------------+----------
+ regress_testsub | regress_subscription_user | f       | {testpub}   | f      | p         | d                | f                | any    | off                | dbname=regress_doesnotexist | 0/0
+(1 row)
+
 ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (streaming = false);
 ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
 \dRs+
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql
index 4425faf..ed148e4 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/subscription.sql
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
 
 DROP SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub;
 
--- fail - streaming must be boolean
+-- fail - streaming must be boolean or 'parallel'
 CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUBLICATION testpub WITH (connect = false, streaming = foo);
 
 -- now it works
@@ -164,6 +164,10 @@ CREATE SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub CONNECTION 'dbname=regress_doesnotexist' PUB
 
 \dRs+
 
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (streaming = parallel);
+
+\dRs+
+
 ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (streaming = false);
 ALTER SUBSCRIPTION regress_testsub SET (slot_name = NONE);
 
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 35c9f1e..4782ca1 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -116,6 +116,10 @@ Append
 AppendPath
 AppendRelInfo
 AppendState
+ApplyBgworkerEntry
+ApplyBgworkerInfo
+ApplyBgworkerShared
+ApplyBgworkerState
 ApplyErrorCallbackArg
 ApplyExecutionData
 ApplySubXactData
@@ -1485,6 +1489,7 @@ LogicalRepRelId
 LogicalRepRelMapEntry
 LogicalRepRelation
 LogicalRepRollbackPreparedTxnData
+LogicalRepStreamAbortData
 LogicalRepTupleData
 LogicalRepTyp
 LogicalRepWorker
-- 
2.7.2.windows.1



  [application/octet-stream] v24-0002-Test-streaming-parallel-option-in-tap-test.patch (69.1K, ../OS0PR01MB57166F15F4542FAE69A74EC094739@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com/4-v24-0002-Test-streaming-parallel-option-in-tap-test.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From f7e2e5ec62cd108bf1afaf3889c0237c5ea4ed04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "shiy.fnst" <[email protected]>
Date: Fri, 13 May 2022 14:50:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v24 2/5] Test streaming parallel option in tap test

Change all TAP tests using the SUBSCRIPTION "streaming" parameter, so they
now test both 'on' and 'parallel' values.
---
 src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl              | 199 +++++---
 src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl      | 121 +++--
 src/test/subscription/t/017_stream_ddl.pl          | 194 +++++---
 .../subscription/t/018_stream_subxact_abort.pl     | 201 ++++++---
 .../subscription/t/019_stream_subxact_ddl_abort.pl | 112 +++--
 src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl    | 363 ++++++++-------
 src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl     | 498 ++++++++++++---------
 7 files changed, 1043 insertions(+), 645 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl
index cbaa327..9f4946d 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl
@@ -8,6 +8,116 @@ use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
 use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
 use Test::More;
 
+# Encapsulate all the common test steps which are related to "streaming"
+# parameter so the same code can be run both for the streaming=on and
+# streaming=parallel cases.
+sub test_streaming
+{
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
+
+	# Interleave a pair of transactions, each exceeding the 64kB limit.
+	my $in  = '';
+	my $out = '';
+
+	my $timer = IPC::Run::timeout($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
+
+	my $h = $node_publisher->background_psql('postgres', \$in, \$out, $timer,
+		on_error_stop => 0);
+
+	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
+	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
+	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = debug1");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	$in .= q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
+	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+	};
+	$h->pump_nb;
+
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = warning");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(5001, 9999) s(i);
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 5000;
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	$in .= q{
+	COMMIT;
+	\q
+	};
+	$h->finish;    # errors make the next test fail, so ignore them here
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	my $result =
+	  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
+		'check extra columns contain local defaults');
+
+	# Test the streaming in binary mode
+	$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET (binary = on)");
+
+	# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(5001, 10000) s(i);
+	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	$result =
+	  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(6667|6667|6667),
+		'check extra columns contain local defaults');
+
+	# Change the local values of the extra columns on the subscriber,
+	# update publisher, and check that subscriber retains the expected
+	# values. This is to ensure that non-streaming transactions behave
+	# properly after a streaming transaction.
+	$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"UPDATE test_tab SET c = 'epoch'::timestamptz + 987654321 * interval '1s'"
+	);
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(a::text)");
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(extract(epoch from c) = 987654321), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab"
+	);
+	is($result, qq(6667|6667|6667),
+		'check extra columns contain locally changed data');
+
+	# Cleanup the test data
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE (a > 2)");
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+}
+
 # Create publisher node
 my $node_publisher = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('publisher');
 $node_publisher->init(allows_streaming => 'logical');
@@ -37,6 +147,10 @@ $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE PUBLICATION tap_pub FOR TABLE test_tab");
 
 my $appname = 'tap_sub';
+
+################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'on'
+################################
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub CONNECTION '$publisher_connstr application_name=$appname' PUBLICATION tap_pub WITH (streaming = on)"
 );
@@ -49,82 +163,25 @@ my $result =
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|2|2), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-# Interleave a pair of transactions, each exceeding the 64kB limit.
-my $in  = '';
-my $out = '';
-
-my $timer = IPC::Run::timeout($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
-
-my $h = $node_publisher->background_psql('postgres', \$in, \$out, $timer,
-	on_error_stop => 0);
-
-$in .= q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
-UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-};
-$h->pump_nb;
-
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(5001, 9999) s(i);
-DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 5000;
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-$in .= q{
-COMMIT;
-\q
-};
-$h->finish;    # errors make the next test fail, so ignore them here
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334), 'check extra columns contain local defaults');
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
 
-# Test the streaming in binary mode
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET (binary = on)");
-
-# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(5001, 10000) s(i);
-UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(6667|6667|6667), 'check extra columns contain local defaults');
+######################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
+######################################
+my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
+);
 
-# Change the local values of the extra columns on the subscriber,
-# update publisher, and check that subscriber retains the expected
-# values. This is to ensure that non-streaming transactions behave
-# properly after a streaming transaction.
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"UPDATE test_tab SET c = 'epoch'::timestamptz + 987654321 * interval '1s'"
-);
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(a::text)");
+	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel, binary = off)");
 
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+$node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
+  )
+  or die
+  "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
 
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(extract(epoch from c) = 987654321), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab"
-);
-is($result, qq(6667|6667|6667),
-	'check extra columns contain locally changed data');
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
 
 $node_subscriber->stop;
 $node_publisher->stop;
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl
index bc0a9cd..104a169 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl
@@ -8,6 +8,72 @@ use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
 use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
 use Test::More;
 
+# Encapsulate all the common test steps which are related to "streaming"
+# parameter so the same code can be run both for the streaming=on and
+# streaming=parallel cases.
+sub test_streaming
+{
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
+
+	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
+	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
+	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = debug1");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed 64kB limit.
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(    3,  500) s(i);
+	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+	SAVEPOINT s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(501,  1000) s(i);
+	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+	SAVEPOINT s2;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1001,  1500) s(i);
+	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+	SAVEPOINT s3;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1501,  2000) s(i);
+	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+	SAVEPOINT s4;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(2001, 2500) s(i);
+	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = warning");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	my $result =
+	  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(1667|1667|1667),
+		'check data was copied to subscriber in streaming mode and extra columns contain local defaults'
+	);
+
+	# Cleanup the test data
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE (a > 2)");
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+}
+
 # Create publisher node
 my $node_publisher = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('publisher');
 $node_publisher->init(allows_streaming => 'logical');
@@ -37,6 +103,10 @@ $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE PUBLICATION tap_pub FOR TABLE test_tab");
 
 my $appname = 'tap_sub';
+
+################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'on'
+################################
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub CONNECTION '$publisher_connstr application_name=$appname' PUBLICATION tap_pub WITH (streaming = on)"
 );
@@ -49,41 +119,26 @@ my $result =
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|2|2), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed 64kB limit.
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(    3,  500) s(i);
-UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-SAVEPOINT s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(501,  1000) s(i);
-UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-SAVEPOINT s2;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1001,  1500) s(i);
-UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-SAVEPOINT s3;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1501,  2000) s(i);
-UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-SAVEPOINT s4;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(2001, 2500) s(i);
-UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(1667|1667|1667),
-	'check data was copied to subscriber in streaming mode and extra columns contain local defaults'
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
+
+######################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
+######################################
+my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
 );
 
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel)");
+
+$node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
+  )
+  or die
+  "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
+
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
+
 $node_subscriber->stop;
 $node_publisher->stop;
 
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/017_stream_ddl.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/017_stream_ddl.pl
index 866f151..ecac3a3 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/017_stream_ddl.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/017_stream_ddl.pl
@@ -8,6 +8,111 @@ use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
 use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
 use Test::More;
 
+# Encapsulate all the common test steps which are related to "streaming"
+# parameter so the same code can be run both for the streaming=on and
+# streaming=parallel cases.
+sub test_streaming
+{
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
+
+	# a small (non-streamed) transaction with DDL and DML
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (3, md5(3::text));
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN c INT;
+	SAVEPOINT s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (4, md5(4::text), -4);
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
+	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
+	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = debug1");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	# large (streamed) transaction with DDL and DML
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i FROM generate_series(5, 1000) s(i);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN d INT;
+	SAVEPOINT s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i FROM generate_series(1001, 2000) s(i);
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = warning");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	# a small (non-streamed) transaction with DDL and DML
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (2001, md5(2001::text), -2001, 2*2001);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN e INT;
+	SAVEPOINT s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (2002, md5(2002::text), -2002, 2*2002, -3*2002);
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	my $result =
+	  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d), count(e) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(2002|1999|1002|1),
+		'check data was copied to subscriber in streaming mode and extra columns contain local defaults'
+	);
+
+	# A large (streamed) transaction with DDL and DML. One of the DDL is performed
+	# after DML to ensure that we invalidate the schema sent for test_tab so that
+	# the next transaction has to send the schema again.
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i, -3*i FROM generate_series(2003,5000) s(i);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN f INT;
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	# A small transaction that won't get streamed. This is just to ensure that we
+	# send the schema again to reflect the last column added in the previous test.
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i, -3*i, 4*i FROM generate_series(5001,5005) s(i);
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d), count(e), count(f) FROM test_tab"
+	);
+	is($result, qq(5005|5002|4005|3004|5),
+		'check data was copied to subscriber for both streaming and non-streaming transactions'
+	);
+
+	# Cleanup the test data
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE (a > 2);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab DROP COLUMN c, DROP COLUMN d, DROP COLUMN e, DROP COLUMN f;
+	});
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+}
+
 # Create publisher node
 my $node_publisher = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('publisher');
 $node_publisher->init(allows_streaming => 'logical');
@@ -37,6 +142,10 @@ $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE PUBLICATION tap_pub FOR TABLE test_tab");
 
 my $appname = 'tap_sub';
+
+################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'on'
+################################
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub CONNECTION '$publisher_connstr application_name=$appname' PUBLICATION tap_pub WITH (streaming = on)"
 );
@@ -49,77 +158,26 @@ my $result =
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|0|0), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-# a small (non-streamed) transaction with DDL and DML
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (3, md5(3::text));
-ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN c INT;
-SAVEPOINT s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (4, md5(4::text), -4);
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-# large (streamed) transaction with DDL and DML
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i FROM generate_series(5, 1000) s(i);
-ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN d INT;
-SAVEPOINT s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i FROM generate_series(1001, 2000) s(i);
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-# a small (non-streamed) transaction with DDL and DML
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (2001, md5(2001::text), -2001, 2*2001);
-ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN e INT;
-SAVEPOINT s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (2002, md5(2002::text), -2002, 2*2002, -3*2002);
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d), count(e) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(2002|1999|1002|1),
-	'check data was copied to subscriber in streaming mode and extra columns contain local defaults'
-);
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
 
-# A large (streamed) transaction with DDL and DML. One of the DDL is performed
-# after DML to ensure that we invalidate the schema sent for test_tab so that
-# the next transaction has to send the schema again.
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i, -3*i FROM generate_series(2003,5000) s(i);
-ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN f INT;
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-# A small transaction that won't get streamed. This is just to ensure that we
-# send the schema again to reflect the last column added in the previous test.
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i, -3*i, 4*i FROM generate_series(5001,5005) s(i);
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d), count(e), count(f) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(5005|5002|4005|3004|5),
-	'check data was copied to subscriber for both streaming and non-streaming transactions'
+######################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
+######################################
+my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
 );
 
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel)");
+
+$node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
+  )
+  or die
+  "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
+
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
+
 $node_subscriber->stop;
 $node_publisher->stop;
 
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/018_stream_subxact_abort.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/018_stream_subxact_abort.pl
index 551f16d..0415ef7 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/018_stream_subxact_abort.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/018_stream_subxact_abort.pl
@@ -8,6 +8,113 @@ use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
 use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
 use Test::More;
 
+# Encapsulate all the common test steps which are related to "streaming"
+# parameter so the same code can be run both for the streaming=on and
+# streaming=parallel cases.
+sub test_streaming
+{
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
+
+	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
+	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
+	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = debug1");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	# large (streamed) transaction with DDL, DML and ROLLBACKs
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3,500) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(501,1000) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s2;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1001,1500) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s3;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1501,2000) s(i);
+	ROLLBACK TO s2;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(2001,2500) s(i);
+	ROLLBACK TO s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(2501,3000) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s4;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3001,3500) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s5;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3501,4000) s(i);
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = warning");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	my $result =
+	  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(2000|0),
+		'check rollback to savepoint was reflected on subscriber and extra columns contain local defaults'
+	);
+
+	# large (streamed) transaction with subscriber receiving out of order
+	# subtransaction ROLLBACKs
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(4001,4500) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(5001,5500) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s2;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(6001,6500) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s3;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(7001,7500) s(i);
+	RELEASE s2;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(8001,8500) s(i);
+	ROLLBACK TO s1;
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	$result =
+	  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(2500|0),
+		'check rollback to savepoint was reflected on subscriber');
+
+	# large (streamed) transaction with subscriber receiving rollback
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(8501,9000) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(9001,9500) s(i);
+	SAVEPOINT s2;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(9501,10000) s(i);
+	ROLLBACK;
+	});
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	$result =
+	  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(2500|0), 'check rollback was reflected on subscriber');
+
+	# Cleanup the test data
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE (a > 2)");
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+}
+
 # Create publisher node
 my $node_publisher = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('publisher');
 $node_publisher->init(allows_streaming => 'logical');
@@ -36,6 +143,10 @@ $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE PUBLICATION tap_pub FOR TABLE test_tab");
 
 my $appname = 'tap_sub';
+
+################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'on'
+################################
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub CONNECTION '$publisher_connstr application_name=$appname' PUBLICATION tap_pub WITH (streaming = on)"
 );
@@ -48,81 +159,25 @@ my $result =
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|0), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-# large (streamed) transaction with DDL, DML and ROLLBACKs
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3,500) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(501,1000) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s2;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1001,1500) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s3;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1501,2000) s(i);
-ROLLBACK TO s2;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(2001,2500) s(i);
-ROLLBACK TO s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(2501,3000) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s4;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3001,3500) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s5;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3501,4000) s(i);
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(2000|0),
-	'check rollback to savepoint was reflected on subscriber and extra columns contain local defaults'
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
+
+######################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
+######################################
+my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
 );
 
-# large (streamed) transaction with subscriber receiving out of order
-# subtransaction ROLLBACKs
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(4001,4500) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(5001,5500) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s2;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(6001,6500) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s3;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(7001,7500) s(i);
-RELEASE s2;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(8001,8500) s(i);
-ROLLBACK TO s1;
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(2500|0),
-	'check rollback to savepoint was reflected on subscriber');
-
-# large (streamed) transaction with subscriber receiving rollback
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(8501,9000) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(9001,9500) s(i);
-SAVEPOINT s2;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(9501,10000) s(i);
-ROLLBACK;
-});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(2500|0), 'check rollback was reflected on subscriber');
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel)");
+
+$node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
+  )
+  or die
+  "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
+
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
 
 $node_subscriber->stop;
 $node_publisher->stop;
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/019_stream_subxact_ddl_abort.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/019_stream_subxact_ddl_abort.pl
index 4d7da82..ceebd03 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/019_stream_subxact_ddl_abort.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/019_stream_subxact_ddl_abort.pl
@@ -9,6 +9,69 @@ use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
 use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
 use Test::More;
 
+# Encapsulate all the common test steps which are related to "streaming"
+# parameter so the same code can be run both for the streaming=on and
+# streaming=parallel cases.
+sub test_streaming
+{
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
+
+	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
+	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
+	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = debug1");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	# large (streamed) transaction with DDL, DML and ROLLBACKs
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	BEGIN;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3,500) s(i);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN c INT;
+	SAVEPOINT s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i FROM generate_series(501,1000) s(i);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN d INT;
+	SAVEPOINT s2;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i FROM generate_series(1001,1500) s(i);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN e INT;
+	SAVEPOINT s3;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i, -3*i FROM generate_series(1501,2000) s(i);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab DROP COLUMN c;
+	ROLLBACK TO s1;
+	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), i FROM generate_series(501,1000) s(i);
+	COMMIT;
+	});
+
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = warning");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	my $result =
+	  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(1000|500),
+		'check rollback to savepoint was reflected on subscriber and extra columns contain local defaults'
+	);
+
+	# Cleanup the test data
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE (a > 2);
+	ALTER TABLE test_tab DROP COLUMN c;
+	});
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+}
+
 # Create publisher node
 my $node_publisher = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('publisher');
 $node_publisher->init(allows_streaming => 'logical');
@@ -37,6 +100,10 @@ $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE PUBLICATION tap_pub FOR TABLE test_tab");
 
 my $appname = 'tap_sub';
+
+################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'on'
+################################
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub CONNECTION '$publisher_connstr application_name=$appname' PUBLICATION tap_pub WITH (streaming = on)"
 );
@@ -49,35 +116,26 @@ my $result =
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|0), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-# large (streamed) transaction with DDL, DML and ROLLBACKs
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-BEGIN;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3,500) s(i);
-ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN c INT;
-SAVEPOINT s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i FROM generate_series(501,1000) s(i);
-ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN d INT;
-SAVEPOINT s2;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i FROM generate_series(1001,1500) s(i);
-ALTER TABLE test_tab ADD COLUMN e INT;
-SAVEPOINT s3;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), -i, 2*i, -3*i FROM generate_series(1501,2000) s(i);
-ALTER TABLE test_tab DROP COLUMN c;
-ROLLBACK TO s1;
-INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text), i FROM generate_series(501,1000) s(i);
-COMMIT;
-});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-$result =
-  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(1000|500),
-	'check rollback to savepoint was reflected on subscriber and extra columns contain local defaults'
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
+
+######################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
+######################################
+my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
 );
 
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel)");
+
+$node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
+  )
+  or die
+  "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
+
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
+
 $node_subscriber->stop;
 $node_publisher->stop;
 
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl
index 7a797f3..0a4152d 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl
@@ -11,6 +11,208 @@ use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
 use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
 use Test::More;
 
+# Encapsulate all the common test steps which are related to "streaming" parameter
+# so the same code can be run both for the streaming=on and streaming=parallel
+# cases.
+sub test_streaming
+{
+	my ($node_A, $node_B, $node_C, $appname_B, $appname_C, $streaming_mode) =
+	  @_;
+
+	my $oldpid_B = $node_A->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', "
+		SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication
+		WHERE application_name = '$appname_B' AND state = 'streaming';");
+	my $oldpid_C = $node_B->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', "
+		SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication
+		WHERE application_name = '$appname_C' AND state = 'streaming';");
+
+	# Setup logical replication streaming mode
+
+	$node_B->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', "
+		ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub_B
+		SET (streaming = $streaming_mode);");
+	$node_C->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', "
+		ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub_C
+		SET (streaming = $streaming_mode)");
+
+	# Wait for subscribers to finish initialization
+
+	$node_A->poll_query_until(
+		'postgres', "
+		SELECT pid != $oldpid_B FROM pg_stat_replication
+		WHERE application_name = '$appname_B' AND state = 'streaming';"
+	) or die "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart";
+	$node_B->poll_query_until(
+		'postgres', "
+		SELECT pid != $oldpid_C FROM pg_stat_replication
+		WHERE application_name = '$appname_C' AND state = 'streaming';"
+	) or die "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart";
+
+	###############################
+	# Test 2PC PREPARE / COMMIT PREPARED.
+	# 1. Data is streamed as a 2PC transaction.
+	# 2. Then do commit prepared.
+	#
+	# Expect all data is replicated on subscriber(s) after the commit.
+	###############################
+
+	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" optparameterion is
+	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
+	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
+	if ($streaming_mode eq 'parallel')
+	{
+		$node_B->append_conf('postgresql.conf', "log_min_messages = debug1");
+		$node_B->reload;
+
+		$node_C->append_conf('postgresql.conf', "log_min_messages = debug1");
+		$node_C->reload;
+	}
+
+	# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
+	# Then 2PC PREPARE
+	$node_A->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+		BEGIN;
+		INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
+		UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+		DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+		PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
+
+	if ($streaming_mode eq 'parallel')
+	{
+		$node_B->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
+		$node_B->append_conf('postgresql.conf', "log_min_messages = warning");
+		$node_B->reload;
+
+		$node_C->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
+		$node_C->append_conf('postgresql.conf', "log_min_messages = warning");
+		$node_C->reload;
+	}
+
+	$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
+	$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
+
+	# check the transaction state is prepared on subscriber(s)
+	my $result =
+	  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber B');
+	$result =
+	  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber C');
+
+	# 2PC COMMIT
+	$node_A->safe_psql('postgres', "COMMIT PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
+
+	$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
+	$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
+
+	# check that transaction was committed on subscriber(s)
+	$result = $node_B->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
+		'Rows inserted by 2PC have committed on subscriber B, and extra columns have local defaults'
+	);
+	$result = $node_C->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
+		'Rows inserted by 2PC have committed on subscriber C, and extra columns have local defaults'
+	);
+
+	# check the transaction state is ended on subscriber(s)
+	$result =
+	  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is committed on subscriber B');
+	$result =
+	  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is committed on subscriber C');
+
+	###############################
+	# Test 2PC PREPARE with a nested ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT.
+	# 0. Cleanup from previous test leaving only 2 rows.
+	# 1. Insert one more row.
+	# 2. Record a SAVEPOINT.
+	# 3. Data is streamed using 2PC.
+	# 4. Do rollback to SAVEPOINT prior to the streamed inserts.
+	# 5. Then COMMIT PREPARED.
+	#
+	# Expect data after the SAVEPOINT is aborted leaving only 3 rows (= 2 original + 1 from step 1).
+	###############################
+
+	# First, delete the data except for 2 rows (delete will be replicated)
+	$node_A->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
+
+	# 2PC PREPARE with a nested ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
+	$node_A->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', "
+		BEGIN;
+		INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (9999, 'foobar');
+		SAVEPOINT sp_inner;
+		INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
+		UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+		DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+		ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp_inner;
+		PREPARE TRANSACTION 'outer';
+		");
+
+	$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
+	$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
+
+	# check the transaction state prepared on subscriber(s)
+	$result =
+	  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber B');
+	$result =
+	  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber C');
+
+	# 2PC COMMIT
+	$node_A->safe_psql('postgres', "COMMIT PREPARED 'outer';");
+
+	$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
+	$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
+
+	# check the transaction state is ended on subscriber
+	$result =
+	  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is ended on subscriber B');
+	$result =
+	  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is ended on subscriber C');
+
+	# check inserts are visible at subscriber(s).
+	# All the streamed data (prior to the SAVEPOINT) should be rolled back.
+	# (9999, 'foobar') should be committed.
+	$result = $node_B->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab where b = 'foobar';");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber B');
+	$result =
+	  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab;");
+	is($result, qq(3), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber B');
+	$result = $node_C->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab where b = 'foobar';");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber C');
+	$result =
+	  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab;");
+	is($result, qq(3), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber C');
+
+	# Cleanup the test data
+	$node_A->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
+	$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
+	$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
+}
+
 ###############################
 # Setup a cascade of pub/sub nodes.
 # node_A -> node_B -> node_C
@@ -260,160 +462,15 @@ is($result, qq(21), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber C');
 # 2PC + STREAMING TESTS
 # ---------------------
 
-my $oldpid_B = $node_A->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', "
-	SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication
-	WHERE application_name = '$appname_B' AND state = 'streaming';");
-my $oldpid_C = $node_B->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', "
-	SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication
-	WHERE application_name = '$appname_C' AND state = 'streaming';");
-
-# Setup logical replication (streaming = on)
-
-$node_B->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', "
-	ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub_B
-	SET (streaming = on);");
-$node_C->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', "
-	ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub_C
-	SET (streaming = on)");
-
-# Wait for subscribers to finish initialization
-
-$node_A->poll_query_until(
-	'postgres', "
-	SELECT pid != $oldpid_B FROM pg_stat_replication
-	WHERE application_name = '$appname_B' AND state = 'streaming';"
-) or die "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart";
-$node_B->poll_query_until(
-	'postgres', "
-	SELECT pid != $oldpid_C FROM pg_stat_replication
-	WHERE application_name = '$appname_C' AND state = 'streaming';"
-) or die "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart";
-
-###############################
-# Test 2PC PREPARE / COMMIT PREPARED.
-# 1. Data is streamed as a 2PC transaction.
-# 2. Then do commit prepared.
-#
-# Expect all data is replicated on subscriber(s) after the commit.
-###############################
-
-# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
-# Then 2PC PREPARE
-$node_A->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-	BEGIN;
-	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
-	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-	PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
-
-$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
-$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
+################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'on'
+################################
+test_streaming($node_A, $node_B, $node_C, $appname_B, $appname_C, 'on');
 
-# check the transaction state is prepared on subscriber(s)
-$result =
-  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber B');
-$result =
-  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber C');
-
-# 2PC COMMIT
-$node_A->safe_psql('postgres', "COMMIT PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
-
-$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
-$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
-
-# check that transaction was committed on subscriber(s)
-$result = $node_B->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
-	'Rows inserted by 2PC have committed on subscriber B, and extra columns have local defaults'
-);
-$result = $node_C->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
-	'Rows inserted by 2PC have committed on subscriber C, and extra columns have local defaults'
-);
-
-# check the transaction state is ended on subscriber(s)
-$result =
-  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is committed on subscriber B');
-$result =
-  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is committed on subscriber C');
-
-###############################
-# Test 2PC PREPARE with a nested ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT.
-# 0. Cleanup from previous test leaving only 2 rows.
-# 1. Insert one more row.
-# 2. Record a SAVEPOINT.
-# 3. Data is streamed using 2PC.
-# 4. Do rollback to SAVEPOINT prior to the streamed inserts.
-# 5. Then COMMIT PREPARED.
-#
-# Expect data after the SAVEPOINT is aborted leaving only 3 rows (= 2 original + 1 from step 1).
-###############################
-
-# First, delete the data except for 2 rows (delete will be replicated)
-$node_A->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
-
-# 2PC PREPARE with a nested ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT
-$node_A->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', "
-	BEGIN;
-	INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (9999, 'foobar');
-	SAVEPOINT sp_inner;
-	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
-	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-	ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT sp_inner;
-	PREPARE TRANSACTION 'outer';
-	");
-
-$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
-$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
-
-# check the transaction state prepared on subscriber(s)
-$result =
-  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber B');
-$result =
-  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber C');
-
-# 2PC COMMIT
-$node_A->safe_psql('postgres', "COMMIT PREPARED 'outer';");
-
-$node_A->wait_for_catchup($appname_B);
-$node_B->wait_for_catchup($appname_C);
-
-# check the transaction state is ended on subscriber
-$result =
-  $node_B->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is ended on subscriber B');
-$result =
-  $node_C->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is ended on subscriber C');
-
-# check inserts are visible at subscriber(s).
-# All the streamed data (prior to the SAVEPOINT) should be rolled back.
-# (9999, 'foobar') should be committed.
-$result = $node_B->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab where b = 'foobar';");
-is($result, qq(1), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber B');
-$result = $node_B->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab;");
-is($result, qq(3), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber B');
-$result = $node_C->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab where b = 'foobar';");
-is($result, qq(1), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber C');
-$result = $node_C->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab;");
-is($result, qq(3), 'Rows committed are present on subscriber C');
+######################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
+######################################
+test_streaming($node_A, $node_B, $node_C, $appname_B, $appname_C, 'parallel');
 
 ###############################
 # check all the cleanup
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl
index 9b45410..ea1f476 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl
@@ -8,6 +8,266 @@ use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
 use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
 use Test::More;
 
+# Encapsulate all the common test steps which are related to "streaming"
+# parameter so the same code can be run both for the streaming=on and
+# streaming=parallel cases.
+sub test_streaming
+{
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
+
+	###############################
+	# Test 2PC PREPARE / COMMIT PREPARED.
+	# 1. Data is streamed as a 2PC transaction.
+	# 2. Then do commit prepared.
+	#
+	# Expect all data is replicated on subscriber side after the commit.
+	###############################
+
+	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
+	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
+	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = debug1");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	# check that 2PC gets replicated to subscriber
+	# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+		BEGIN;
+		INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
+		UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+		DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+		PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
+
+	if ($is_parallel)
+	{
+		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
+		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+			"log_min_messages = warning");
+		$node_subscriber->reload;
+	}
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
+	my $result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber');
+
+	# 2PC transaction gets committed
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"COMMIT PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check that transaction is committed on subscriber
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
+		'Rows inserted by 2PC have committed on subscriber, and extra columns contain local defaults'
+	);
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is committed on subscriber');
+
+	###############################
+	# Test 2PC PREPARE / ROLLBACK PREPARED.
+	# 1. Table is deleted back to 2 rows which are replicated on subscriber.
+	# 2. Data is streamed using 2PC.
+	# 3. Do rollback prepared.
+	#
+	# Expect data rolls back leaving only the original 2 rows.
+	###############################
+
+	# First, delete the data except for 2 rows (will be replicated)
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
+
+	# Then insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+		BEGIN;
+		INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
+		UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+		DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+		PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber');
+
+	# 2PC transaction gets aborted
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"ROLLBACK PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check that transaction is aborted on subscriber
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(2|2|2),
+		'Rows inserted by 2PC are rolled back, leaving only the original 2 rows'
+	);
+
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is aborted on subscriber');
+
+	###############################
+	# Check that 2PC COMMIT PREPARED is decoded properly on crash restart.
+	# 1. insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
+	# 2. Then server crashes before the 2PC transaction is committed.
+	# 3. After servers are restarted the pending transaction is committed.
+	#
+	# Expect all data is replicated on subscriber side after the commit.
+	# Note: both publisher and subscriber do crash/restart.
+	###############################
+
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+		BEGIN;
+		INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
+		UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+		DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+		PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
+
+	$node_subscriber->stop('immediate');
+	$node_publisher->stop('immediate');
+
+	$node_publisher->start;
+	$node_subscriber->start;
+
+	# commit post the restart
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"COMMIT PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check inserts are visible
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
+		'Rows inserted by 2PC have committed on subscriber, and extra columns contain local defaults'
+	);
+
+	###############################
+	# Do INSERT after the PREPARE but before ROLLBACK PREPARED.
+	# 1. Table is deleted back to 2 rows which are replicated on subscriber.
+	# 2. Data is streamed using 2PC.
+	# 3. A single row INSERT is done which is after the PREPARE.
+	# 4. Then do a ROLLBACK PREPARED.
+	#
+	# Expect the 2PC data rolls back leaving only 3 rows on the subscriber
+	# (the original 2 + inserted 1).
+	###############################
+
+	# First, delete the data except for 2 rows (will be replicated)
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
+
+	# Then insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+		BEGIN;
+		INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
+		UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+		DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+		PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber');
+
+	# Insert a different record (now we are outside of the 2PC transaction)
+	# Note: the 2PC transaction still holds row locks so make sure this insert is for a separate primary key
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (99999, 'foobar')");
+
+	# 2PC transaction gets aborted
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"ROLLBACK PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check that transaction is aborted on subscriber,
+	# but the extra INSERT outside of the 2PC still was replicated
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(3|3|3),
+		'check the outside insert was copied to subscriber');
+
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is aborted on subscriber');
+
+	###############################
+	# Do INSERT after the PREPARE but before COMMIT PREPARED.
+	# 1. Table is deleted back to 2 rows which are replicated on subscriber.
+	# 2. Data is streamed using 2PC.
+	# 3. A single row INSERT is done which is after the PREPARE.
+	# 4. Then do a COMMIT PREPARED.
+	#
+	# Expect 2PC data + the extra row are on the subscriber
+	# (the 3334 + inserted 1 = 3335).
+	###############################
+
+	# First, delete the data except for 2 rows (will be replicated)
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
+
+	# Then insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+		'postgres', q{
+		BEGIN;
+		INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
+		UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
+		DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
+		PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber');
+
+	# Insert a different record (now we are outside of the 2PC transaction)
+	# Note: the 2PC transaction still holds row locks so make sure this insert is for a separare primary key
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (99999, 'foobar')");
+
+	# 2PC transaction gets committed
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"COMMIT PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
+
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+	# check that transaction is committed on subscriber
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
+	is($result, qq(3335|3335|3335),
+		'Rows inserted by 2PC (as well as outside insert) have committed on subscriber, and extra columns contain local defaults'
+	);
+
+	$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
+	is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is committed on subscriber');
+
+	# Cleanup the test data
+	$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+		"DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
+	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+}
+
 ###############################
 # Setup
 ###############################
@@ -48,6 +308,10 @@ $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"CREATE PUBLICATION tap_pub FOR TABLE test_tab");
 
 my $appname = 'tap_sub';
+
+################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'on'
+################################
 $node_subscriber->safe_psql(
 	'postgres', "
 	CREATE SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub
@@ -64,236 +328,30 @@ my $twophase_query =
 $node_subscriber->poll_query_until('postgres', $twophase_query)
   or die "Timed out while waiting for subscriber to enable twophase";
 
-###############################
 # Check initial data was copied to subscriber
-###############################
 my $result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|2|2), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-###############################
-# Test 2PC PREPARE / COMMIT PREPARED.
-# 1. Data is streamed as a 2PC transaction.
-# 2. Then do commit prepared.
-#
-# Expect all data is replicated on subscriber side after the commit.
-###############################
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
 
-# check that 2PC gets replicated to subscriber
-# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-	BEGIN;
-	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
-	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-	PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber');
-
-# 2PC transaction gets committed
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"COMMIT PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-# check that transaction is committed on subscriber
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
-	'Rows inserted by 2PC have committed on subscriber, and extra columns contain local defaults'
+######################################
+# Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
+######################################
+my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
 );
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is committed on subscriber');
-
-###############################
-# Test 2PC PREPARE / ROLLBACK PREPARED.
-# 1. Table is deleted back to 2 rows which are replicated on subscriber.
-# 2. Data is streamed using 2PC.
-# 3. Do rollback prepared.
-#
-# Expect data rolls back leaving only the original 2 rows.
-###############################
-
-# First, delete the data except for 2 rows (will be replicated)
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
-
-# Then insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-	BEGIN;
-	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
-	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-	PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
 
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber');
-
-# 2PC transaction gets aborted
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ROLLBACK PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-# check that transaction is aborted on subscriber
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(2|2|2),
-	'Rows inserted by 2PC are rolled back, leaving only the original 2 rows');
-
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is aborted on subscriber');
-
-###############################
-# Check that 2PC COMMIT PREPARED is decoded properly on crash restart.
-# 1. insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
-# 2. Then server crashes before the 2PC transaction is committed.
-# 3. After servers are restarted the pending transaction is committed.
-#
-# Expect all data is replicated on subscriber side after the commit.
-# Note: both publisher and subscriber do crash/restart.
-###############################
-
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-	BEGIN;
-	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
-	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-	PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
-
-$node_subscriber->stop('immediate');
-$node_publisher->stop('immediate');
-
-$node_publisher->start;
-$node_subscriber->start;
-
-# commit post the restart
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"COMMIT PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-# check inserts are visible
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(3334|3334|3334),
-	'Rows inserted by 2PC have committed on subscriber, and extra columns contain local defaults'
-);
-
-###############################
-# Do INSERT after the PREPARE but before ROLLBACK PREPARED.
-# 1. Table is deleted back to 2 rows which are replicated on subscriber.
-# 2. Data is streamed using 2PC.
-# 3. A single row INSERT is done which is after the PREPARE.
-# 4. Then do a ROLLBACK PREPARED.
-#
-# Expect the 2PC data rolls back leaving only 3 rows on the subscriber
-# (the original 2 + inserted 1).
-###############################
-
-# First, delete the data except for 2 rows (will be replicated)
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
-
-# Then insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-	BEGIN;
-	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
-	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-	PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber');
-
-# Insert a different record (now we are outside of the 2PC transaction)
-# Note: the 2PC transaction still holds row locks so make sure this insert is for a separate primary key
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (99999, 'foobar')");
-
-# 2PC transaction gets aborted
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ROLLBACK PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-# check that transaction is aborted on subscriber,
-# but the extra INSERT outside of the 2PC still was replicated
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(3|3|3), 'check the outside insert was copied to subscriber');
-
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is aborted on subscriber');
-
-###############################
-# Do INSERT after the PREPARE but before COMMIT PREPARED.
-# 1. Table is deleted back to 2 rows which are replicated on subscriber.
-# 2. Data is streamed using 2PC.
-# 3. A single row INSERT is done which is after the PREPARE.
-# 4. Then do a COMMIT PREPARED.
-#
-# Expect 2PC data + the extra row are on the subscriber
-# (the 3334 + inserted 1 = 3335).
-###############################
-
-# First, delete the data except for 2 rows (will be replicated)
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a > 2;");
-
-# Then insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
-$node_publisher->safe_psql(
-	'postgres', q{
-	BEGIN;
-	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
-	UPDATE test_tab SET b = md5(b) WHERE mod(a,2) = 0;
-	DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
-	PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
-
-# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(1), 'transaction is prepared on subscriber');
-
-# Insert a different record (now we are outside of the 2PC transaction)
-# Note: the 2PC transaction still holds row locks so make sure this insert is for a separare primary key
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES (99999, 'foobar')");
-
-# 2PC transaction gets committed
-$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"COMMIT PREPARED 'test_prepared_tab';");
-
-$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel)");
 
-# check that transaction is committed on subscriber
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
-is($result, qq(3335|3335|3335),
-	'Rows inserted by 2PC (as well as outside insert) have committed on subscriber, and extra columns contain local defaults'
-);
+$node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
+	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
+  )
+  or die
+  "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
 
-$result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"SELECT count(*) FROM pg_prepared_xacts;");
-is($result, qq(0), 'transaction is committed on subscriber');
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
 
 ###############################
 # check all the cleanup
-- 
2.7.2.windows.1



  [application/octet-stream] v24-0003-Add-some-checks-before-using-apply-background-wo.patch (55.7K, ../OS0PR01MB57166F15F4542FAE69A74EC094739@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com/5-v24-0003-Add-some-checks-before-using-apply-background-wo.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From 3cd32be66c32a9d64cf5390666bd1bc0e0624176 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "houzj.fnst" <[email protected]>
Date: Wed, 10 Aug 2022 20:37:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v24 3/5] Add some checks before using apply background worker
 to apply changes.

streaming=parallel mode has two requirements:
1) The unique column in the relation on the subscriber-side should also be the
unique column on the publisher-side;
2) There cannot be any non-immutable functions used by the subscriber-side
replicated table. Look for functions in the following places:
* a. Trigger functions
* b. Column default value expressions and domain constraints
* c. Constraint expressions
* d. Foreign keys

Without these restrictions, the following scenario may occur:
The apply background worker locks a row when processing a streaming
transaction, after that the main apply worker tries to lock the same row when
processing another non-streamed transaction. At this time, the main apply
worker waits for the streaming transaction to complete and the lock to be
released, it won't send subsequent data of the streaming transaction to the
apply background worker; the apply background worker waits to receive the rest
of streaming transaction and can't finish this transaction. Now a deadlock has
occurred, so both workers will wait indefinitely.
---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml       |   5 +
 src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c |  52 ++
 src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c         |  86 +++-
 src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c      | 215 +++++++++
 src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c     |   1 +
 src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c        |  23 +-
 src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c              |  17 +
 src/include/replication/logicalproto.h          |   1 +
 src/include/replication/logicalrelation.h       |  13 +
 src/include/replication/worker_internal.h       |   2 +
 src/include/utils/typcache.h                    |   2 +
 src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl           |  33 +-
 src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl   |  33 +-
 src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl |   8 +
 src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl  |  33 +-
 src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl  | 608 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list                |   1 +
 17 files changed, 1055 insertions(+), 78 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
index e2f9968..47bcaa2 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_subscription.sgml
@@ -240,6 +240,11 @@ CREATE SUBSCRIPTION <replaceable class="parameter">subscription_name</replaceabl
           transaction is committed. Note that if an error happens when
           applying changes in a background worker, the finish LSN of the
           remote transaction might not be reported in the server log.
+          There are two prerequisites for using <literal>parallel</literal>
+          mode: 1) the unique column in the table on the subscriber-side must
+          also be the unique column on the publisher-side; 2) there cannot be
+          any non-immutable functions used by the subscriber-side replicated
+          table.
          </para>
         </listitem>
        </varlistentry>
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
index 0852ffa..d35dd74 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/applybgworker.c
@@ -971,3 +971,55 @@ apply_bgworker_savepoint_name(Oid suboid, TransactionId xid,
 {
 	snprintf(spname, szsp, "pg_sp_%u_%u", suboid, xid);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Check if changes on this relation can be applied using an apply background
+ * worker.
+ *
+ * Although the commit order is maintained by only allowing one process to
+ * commit at a time, the access order to the relation has changed. This could
+ * cause unexpected problems when applying transactions using an apply
+ * background worker if the unique column on the replicated table is
+ * inconsistent with the publisher-side, or if the relation contains
+ * non-immutable functions.
+ */
+void
+apply_bgworker_relation_check(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *rel)
+{
+	/*
+	 * Skip check if not using apply background workers.
+	 *
+	 * If any worker is handling the streaming transaction, this check not only
+	 * needs to be performed by apply background worker, but also by the main
+	 * apply worker. This is because without these restrictions, main apply
+	 * worker may block apply background worker, which will cause infinite
+	 * waits.
+	 *
+	 * Determine whether main apply worker is using apply background worker by
+	 * whether the lengths of ApplyBgworkersFreeList and ApplyBgworkersList are
+	 * equal.
+	 */
+	if (!am_apply_bgworker() &&
+		(list_length(ApplyBgworkersFreeList) == list_length(ApplyBgworkersList)))
+		return;
+
+	/*
+	 * Partition table checks are done later in function
+	 * apply_handle_tuple_routing.
+	 */
+	if (rel->localrel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE)
+		return;
+
+	if (rel->parallel_apply_safe != PARALLEL_APPLY_SAFE)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+				 errmsg("cannot replicate target relation \"%s.%s\" using "
+						"subscription parameter %s",
+						rel->remoterel.nspname, rel->remoterel.relname,
+						"streaming = parallel"),
+				 errdetail("The unique column on subscriber is not the unique "
+						   "column on publisher or there is at least one "
+						   "non-immutable function."),
+				 errhint("Please change to use subscription parameter %s.",
+						"streaming = on")));
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c
index 47bd811..73b2807 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/proto.c
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
 /*
  * Protocol message flags.
  */
-#define LOGICALREP_IS_REPLICA_IDENTITY 1
+#define ATTR_IS_REPLICA_IDENTITY	(1 << 0)
+#define ATTR_IS_UNIQUE				(1 << 1)
 
 #define MESSAGE_TRANSACTIONAL (1<<0)
 #define TRUNCATE_CASCADE		(1<<0)
@@ -41,6 +42,66 @@ static void logicalrep_write_namespace(StringInfo out, Oid nspid);
 static const char *logicalrep_read_namespace(StringInfo in);
 
 /*
+ * RelationGetUniqueKeyBitmap -- get a bitmap of unique attribute numbers
+ *
+ * This is similar to RelationGetIdentityKeyBitmap(), but returns a bitmap of
+ * index attribute numbers for all unique indexes.
+ */
+static Bitmapset *
+RelationGetUniqueKeyBitmap(Relation rel)
+{
+	List		   *indexoidlist = NIL;
+	ListCell	   *indexoidscan;
+	Bitmapset	   *attunique = NULL;
+
+	if (!rel->rd_rel->relhasindex)
+		return NULL;
+
+	indexoidlist = RelationGetIndexList(rel);
+
+	foreach(indexoidscan, indexoidlist)
+	{
+		Oid			indexoid = lfirst_oid(indexoidscan);
+		Relation	indexRel;
+		int			i;
+
+		/* Look up the description for index */
+		indexRel = RelationIdGetRelation(indexoid);
+
+		if (!RelationIsValid(indexRel))
+			elog(ERROR, "could not open relation with OID %u", indexoid);
+
+		if (!indexRel->rd_index->indisunique)
+		{
+			RelationClose(indexRel);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Add referenced attributes to attunique */
+		for (i = 0; i < indexRel->rd_index->indnatts; i++)
+		{
+			int attrnum = indexRel->rd_index->indkey.values[i];
+
+			/*
+			 * We don't include non-key columns into attunique
+			 * bitmaps. See RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap.
+			 */
+			if (attrnum != 0)
+			{
+				if (i < indexRel->rd_index->indnkeyatts &&
+					!bms_is_member(attrnum - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber, attunique))
+					attunique = bms_add_member(attunique,
+											   attrnum - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
+			}
+		}
+		RelationClose(indexRel);
+	}
+	list_free(indexoidlist);
+
+	return attunique;
+}
+
+/*
  * Check if a column is covered by a column list.
  *
  * Need to be careful about NULL, which is treated as a column list covering
@@ -933,7 +994,8 @@ logicalrep_write_attrs(StringInfo out, Relation rel, Bitmapset *columns)
 	TupleDesc	desc;
 	int			i;
 	uint16		nliveatts = 0;
-	Bitmapset  *idattrs = NULL;
+	Bitmapset  *idattrs = NULL,
+			   *attunique = NULL;
 	bool		replidentfull;
 
 	desc = RelationGetDescr(rel);
@@ -958,6 +1020,9 @@ logicalrep_write_attrs(StringInfo out, Relation rel, Bitmapset *columns)
 	if (!replidentfull)
 		idattrs = RelationGetIdentityKeyBitmap(rel);
 
+	/* fetch bitmap of UNIQUE attributes */
+	attunique = RelationGetUniqueKeyBitmap(rel);
+
 	/* send the attributes */
 	for (i = 0; i < desc->natts; i++)
 	{
@@ -974,7 +1039,11 @@ logicalrep_write_attrs(StringInfo out, Relation rel, Bitmapset *columns)
 		if (replidentfull ||
 			bms_is_member(att->attnum - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber,
 						  idattrs))
-			flags |= LOGICALREP_IS_REPLICA_IDENTITY;
+			flags |= ATTR_IS_REPLICA_IDENTITY;
+
+		if (bms_is_member(att->attnum - FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber,
+						  attunique))
+			flags |= ATTR_IS_UNIQUE;
 
 		pq_sendbyte(out, flags);
 
@@ -989,6 +1058,7 @@ logicalrep_write_attrs(StringInfo out, Relation rel, Bitmapset *columns)
 	}
 
 	bms_free(idattrs);
+	bms_free(attunique);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1001,7 +1071,8 @@ logicalrep_read_attrs(StringInfo in, LogicalRepRelation *rel)
 	int			natts;
 	char	  **attnames;
 	Oid		   *atttyps;
-	Bitmapset  *attkeys = NULL;
+	Bitmapset  *attkeys = NULL,
+			   *attunique = NULL;
 
 	natts = pq_getmsgint(in, 2);
 	attnames = palloc(natts * sizeof(char *));
@@ -1014,9 +1085,13 @@ logicalrep_read_attrs(StringInfo in, LogicalRepRelation *rel)
 
 		/* Check for replica identity column */
 		flags = pq_getmsgbyte(in);
-		if (flags & LOGICALREP_IS_REPLICA_IDENTITY)
+		if (flags & ATTR_IS_REPLICA_IDENTITY)
 			attkeys = bms_add_member(attkeys, i);
 
+		/* Check for unique column */
+		if (flags & ATTR_IS_UNIQUE)
+			attunique = bms_add_member(attunique, i);
+
 		/* attribute name */
 		attnames[i] = pstrdup(pq_getmsgstring(in));
 
@@ -1030,6 +1105,7 @@ logicalrep_read_attrs(StringInfo in, LogicalRepRelation *rel)
 	rel->attnames = attnames;
 	rel->atttyps = atttyps;
 	rel->attkeys = attkeys;
+	rel->attunique = attunique;
 	rel->natts = natts;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c
index e989047..1b1fad5 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c
@@ -19,12 +19,19 @@
 
 #include "access/table.h"
 #include "catalog/namespace.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_subscription_rel.h"
+#include "commands/trigger.h"
 #include "executor/executor.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
+#include "optimizer/optimizer.h"
 #include "replication/logicalrelation.h"
 #include "replication/worker_internal.h"
+#include "rewrite/rewriteHandler.h"
 #include "utils/inval.h"
+#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
+#include "utils/syscache.h"
+#include "utils/typcache.h"
 
 
 static MemoryContext LogicalRepRelMapContext = NULL;
@@ -92,6 +99,26 @@ logicalrep_relmap_invalidate_cb(Datum arg, Oid reloid)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Relcache invalidation callback to reset parallel_apply_safe flag.
+ */
+static void
+logicalrep_relmap_reset_parallel_cb(Datum arg, int cacheid, uint32 hashvalue)
+{
+	HASH_SEQ_STATUS hash_seq;
+	LogicalRepRelMapEntry *entry;
+
+	if (LogicalRepRelMap == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	hash_seq_init(&hash_seq, LogicalRepRelMap);
+	while ((entry = hash_seq_search(&hash_seq)) != NULL)
+	{
+		entry->parallel_apply_safe = PARALLEL_APPLY_SAFETY_UNKNOWN;
+		entry->localrelvalid = false;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
  * Initialize the relation map cache.
  */
 static void
@@ -116,6 +143,9 @@ logicalrep_relmap_init(void)
 	/* Watch for invalidation events. */
 	CacheRegisterRelcacheCallback(logicalrep_relmap_invalidate_cb,
 								  (Datum) 0);
+	CacheRegisterSyscacheCallback(PROCOID,
+								  logicalrep_relmap_reset_parallel_cb,
+								  (Datum) 0);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -142,6 +172,7 @@ logicalrep_relmap_free_entry(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *entry)
 		pfree(remoterel->atttyps);
 	}
 	bms_free(remoterel->attkeys);
+	bms_free(remoterel->attunique);
 
 	if (entry->attrmap)
 		free_attrmap(entry->attrmap);
@@ -190,6 +221,7 @@ logicalrep_relmap_update(LogicalRepRelation *remoterel)
 	}
 	entry->remoterel.replident = remoterel->replident;
 	entry->remoterel.attkeys = bms_copy(remoterel->attkeys);
+	entry->remoterel.attunique = bms_copy(remoterel->attunique);
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);
 }
 
@@ -311,6 +343,182 @@ logicalrep_rel_mark_updatable(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *entry)
 }
 
 /*
+ * Check if changes on one relation can be applied using an apply background
+ * worker and assign the 'parallel_apply_safe' flag.
+ *
+ * There are two requirements for applying changes using an apply background
+ * worker: 1) the unique column in the table on the subscriber-side should also
+ * be the unique column on the publisher-side; 2) there cannot be any
+ * non-immutable functions used by the subscriber-side replicated table.
+ *
+ * Without these restrictions, the following scenario may occur: The apply
+ * background worker locks a row when processing a streaming transaction, after
+ * that the main apply worker tries to lock the same row when processing
+ * another non-streamed transaction. At this time, the main apply worker waits
+ * for the streaming transaction to complete and the lock to be released, it
+ * won't send subsequent data of the streaming transaction to the apply
+ * background worker; the apply background worker waits to receive the rest of
+ * streaming transaction and can't finish this transaction. Now a deadlock has
+ * occurred, so both workers will wait indefinitely.
+ *
+ * We just mark the relation entry as 'PARALLEL_APPLY_UNSAFE' here if changes
+ * on one relation can not be applied using an apply background worker and
+ * leave it to apply_bgworker_relation_check() to throw the actual error if
+ * needed.
+ */
+static void
+logicalrep_rel_mark_parallel_apply(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *entry)
+{
+	Bitmapset   *ukey;
+	int			i;
+	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
+	int			attnum;
+	List	   *fkeys = NIL;
+
+	/* Fast path if 'parallel_apply_safe' flag is already known. */
+	if (entry->parallel_apply_safe != PARALLEL_APPLY_SAFETY_UNKNOWN)
+		return;
+
+	/* Initialize the flag. */
+	entry->parallel_apply_safe = PARALLEL_APPLY_SAFE;
+
+	/*
+	 * First, check if the unique column in the relation on the subscriber-side
+	 * is also the unique column on the publisher-side.
+	 */
+	ukey = RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap(entry->localrel,
+									  INDEX_ATTR_BITMAP_KEY);
+
+	if (ukey)
+	{
+		i = -1;
+		while ((i = bms_next_member(ukey, i)) >= 0)
+		{
+			attnum = AttrNumberGetAttrOffset(i + FirstLowInvalidHeapAttributeNumber);
+
+			if (entry->attrmap->attnums[attnum] < 0 ||
+				!bms_is_member(entry->attrmap->attnums[attnum], entry->remoterel.attunique))
+			{
+				entry->parallel_apply_safe = PARALLEL_APPLY_UNSAFE;
+				bms_free(ukey);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		bms_free(ukey);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Then, check if there is any non-immutable function used by the
+	 * subscriber-side relation. Look for functions in the following places:
+	 * a. trigger functions;
+	 * b. Column default value expressions and domain constraints;
+	 * c. Constraint expressions;
+	 * d. Foreign keys.
+	 */
+	/* Check the trigger functions. */
+	if (entry->localrel->trigdesc != NULL)
+	{
+		for (i = 0; i < entry->localrel->trigdesc->numtriggers; i++)
+		{
+			Trigger    *trig = entry->localrel->trigdesc->triggers + i;
+
+			if (trig->tgenabled != TRIGGER_FIRES_ALWAYS &&
+				trig->tgenabled != TRIGGER_FIRES_ON_REPLICA)
+				continue;
+
+			if (func_volatile(trig->tgfoid) != PROVOLATILE_IMMUTABLE)
+			{
+				entry->parallel_apply_safe = PARALLEL_APPLY_UNSAFE;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check the columns. */
+	tupdesc = RelationGetDescr(entry->localrel);
+	for (attnum = 0; attnum < tupdesc->natts; attnum++)
+	{
+		Form_pg_attribute att = TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, attnum);
+
+		/* We don't check dropped or generated attributes */
+		if (att->attisdropped || att->attgenerated)
+			continue;
+
+		if (att->atthasdef)
+		{
+			Node	   *defaultexpr;
+
+			defaultexpr = build_column_default(entry->localrel, attnum + 1);
+			if (contain_mutable_functions(defaultexpr))
+			{
+				entry->parallel_apply_safe = PARALLEL_APPLY_UNSAFE;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If the column is of a DOMAIN type, determine whether
+		 * that domain has any CHECK expressions that are not
+		 * immutable.
+		 */
+		if (get_typtype(att->atttypid) == TYPTYPE_DOMAIN)
+		{
+			List	   *domain_constraints;
+			ListCell   *lc;
+
+			domain_constraints = GetDomainConstraints(att->atttypid);
+
+			foreach(lc, domain_constraints)
+			{
+				DomainConstraintState *con = (DomainConstraintState *) lfirst(lc);
+
+				if (con->check_expr && contain_mutable_functions((Node *) con->check_expr))
+				{
+					entry->parallel_apply_safe = PARALLEL_APPLY_UNSAFE;
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check the constraints. */
+	if (tupdesc->constr)
+	{
+		ConstrCheck *check = tupdesc->constr->check;
+
+		/*
+		 * Determine if there are any CHECK constraints which
+		 * contains non-immutable function.
+		 */
+		for (i = 0; i < tupdesc->constr->num_check; i++)
+		{
+			Expr	   *check_expr = stringToNode(check[i].ccbin);
+
+			if (contain_mutable_functions((Node *) check_expr))
+			{
+				entry->parallel_apply_safe = PARALLEL_APPLY_UNSAFE;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the foreign keys.
+	 *
+	 * XXX It is better to only check the foreign key when it is detected that
+	 * the publisher does not have the foreign key and the subscriber does. But
+	 * this requires the publisher to send more information. In addition, since
+	 * foreign key does not take effect in the subscriber's apply worker by
+	 * default, it seems that foreign key does not hit this ERROR frequently.
+	 * So, only a simple check based on the subscriber schema is kept here.
+	 */
+	fkeys = RelationGetFKeyList(entry->localrel);
+	if (fkeys)
+		entry->parallel_apply_safe = PARALLEL_APPLY_UNSAFE;
+}
+
+/*
  * Open the local relation associated with the remote one.
  *
  * Rebuilds the Relcache mapping if it was invalidated by local DDL.
@@ -438,6 +646,9 @@ logicalrep_rel_open(LogicalRepRelId remoteid, LOCKMODE lockmode)
 		 */
 		logicalrep_rel_mark_updatable(entry);
 
+		/* Set if changes could be applied using an apply background worker. */
+		logicalrep_rel_mark_parallel_apply(entry);
+
 		entry->localrelvalid = true;
 	}
 
@@ -653,6 +864,7 @@ logicalrep_partition_open(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *root,
 		}
 		entry->remoterel.replident = remoterel->replident;
 		entry->remoterel.attkeys = bms_copy(remoterel->attkeys);
+		entry->remoterel.attunique = bms_copy(remoterel->attunique);
 	}
 
 	entry->localrel = partrel;
@@ -696,6 +908,9 @@ logicalrep_partition_open(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *root,
 	/* Set if the table's replica identity is enough to apply update/delete. */
 	logicalrep_rel_mark_updatable(entry);
 
+	/* Set if changes could be applied using an apply background worker. */
+	logicalrep_rel_mark_parallel_apply(entry);
+
 	entry->localrelvalid = true;
 
 	/* state and statelsn are left set to 0. */
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c
index 6888eee..fd6f48a 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/tablesync.c
@@ -880,6 +880,7 @@ fetch_remote_table_info(char *nspname, char *relname,
 	lrel->attnames = palloc0(MaxTupleAttributeNumber * sizeof(char *));
 	lrel->atttyps = palloc0(MaxTupleAttributeNumber * sizeof(Oid));
 	lrel->attkeys = NULL;
+	lrel->attunique = NULL;
 
 	/*
 	 * Store the columns as a list of names.  Ignore those that are not
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
index a1a60b0..b1d899c 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c
@@ -1403,6 +1403,14 @@ apply_handle_stream_stop(StringInfo s)
 	 */
 	else if ((winfo = apply_bgworker_find(stream_xid)))
 	{
+		/*
+		 * Unlike stream_commit, we don't need to wait here for stream_stop to
+		 * finish. Allowing the other transaction to be applied before
+		 * stream_stop is finished can lead to failures if the unique
+		 * index/constraint is different between publisher and subscriber. But
+		 * for such cases, we don't allow streamed transactions to be applied
+		 * in parallel. See apply_bgworker_relation_check.
+		 */
 		apply_bgworker_send_data(winfo, s->len, s->data);
 
 		elog(DEBUG1, "stopped streaming of xid %u, %u changes streamed", stream_xid, nchanges);
@@ -2062,6 +2070,8 @@ apply_handle_insert(StringInfo s)
 	/* Set relation for error callback */
 	apply_error_callback_arg.rel = rel;
 
+	apply_bgworker_relation_check(rel);
+
 	/* Initialize the executor state. */
 	edata = create_edata_for_relation(rel);
 	estate = edata->estate;
@@ -2205,6 +2215,8 @@ apply_handle_update(StringInfo s)
 	/* Check if we can do the update. */
 	check_relation_updatable(rel);
 
+	apply_bgworker_relation_check(rel);
+
 	/* Initialize the executor state. */
 	edata = create_edata_for_relation(rel);
 	estate = edata->estate;
@@ -2373,6 +2385,8 @@ apply_handle_delete(StringInfo s)
 	/* Check if we can do the delete. */
 	check_relation_updatable(rel);
 
+	apply_bgworker_relation_check(rel);
+
 	/* Initialize the executor state. */
 	edata = create_edata_for_relation(rel);
 	estate = edata->estate;
@@ -2558,13 +2572,14 @@ apply_handle_tuple_routing(ApplyExecutionData *edata,
 	}
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldctx);
 
+	part_entry = logicalrep_partition_open(relmapentry, partrel,
+										   attrmap);
+
 	/* Check if we can do the update or delete on the leaf partition. */
 	if (operation == CMD_UPDATE || operation == CMD_DELETE)
-	{
-		part_entry = logicalrep_partition_open(relmapentry, partrel,
-											   attrmap);
 		check_relation_updatable(part_entry);
-	}
+
+	apply_bgworker_relation_check(part_entry);
 
 	switch (operation)
 	{
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
index 808f9eb..b248899 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/typcache.c
@@ -2541,6 +2541,23 @@ compare_values_of_enum(TypeCacheEntry *tcache, Oid arg1, Oid arg2)
 }
 
 /*
+ * GetDomainConstraints --- get DomainConstraintState list of specified domain type
+ */
+List *
+GetDomainConstraints(Oid type_id)
+{
+	TypeCacheEntry *typentry;
+	List		   *constraints = NIL;
+
+	typentry = lookup_type_cache(type_id, TYPECACHE_DOMAIN_CONSTR_INFO);
+
+	if(typentry->domainData != NULL)
+		constraints = typentry->domainData->constraints;
+
+	return constraints;
+}
+
+/*
  * Load (or re-load) the enumData member of the typcache entry.
  */
 static void
diff --git a/src/include/replication/logicalproto.h b/src/include/replication/logicalproto.h
index eb0fd24..4395c11 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/logicalproto.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/logicalproto.h
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@ typedef struct LogicalRepRelation
 	char		replident;		/* replica identity */
 	char		relkind;		/* remote relation kind */
 	Bitmapset  *attkeys;		/* Bitmap of key columns */
+	Bitmapset  *attunique;		/* Bitmap of unique columns */
 } LogicalRepRelation;
 
 /* Type mapping info */
diff --git a/src/include/replication/logicalrelation.h b/src/include/replication/logicalrelation.h
index 78cd7e7..2b33fe7 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/logicalrelation.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/logicalrelation.h
@@ -15,6 +15,17 @@
 #include "access/attmap.h"
 #include "replication/logicalproto.h"
 
+/*
+ *	States to determine if changes on one relation can be applied using an
+ *	apply background worker.
+ */
+typedef enum ParallelApplySafety
+{
+	PARALLEL_APPLY_SAFETY_UNKNOWN,
+	PARALLEL_APPLY_SAFE,
+	PARALLEL_APPLY_UNSAFE
+} ParallelApplySafety;
+
 typedef struct LogicalRepRelMapEntry
 {
 	LogicalRepRelation remoterel;	/* key is remoterel.remoteid */
@@ -31,6 +42,8 @@ typedef struct LogicalRepRelMapEntry
 	Relation	localrel;		/* relcache entry (NULL when closed) */
 	AttrMap    *attrmap;		/* map of local attributes to remote ones */
 	bool		updatable;		/* Can apply updates/deletes? */
+	ParallelApplySafety	parallel_apply_safe;	/* Can apply changes in an apply
+												   background worker? */
 
 	/* Sync state. */
 	char		state;
diff --git a/src/include/replication/worker_internal.h b/src/include/replication/worker_internal.h
index 4308006..296712f 100644
--- a/src/include/replication/worker_internal.h
+++ b/src/include/replication/worker_internal.h
@@ -221,6 +221,8 @@ extern void apply_bgworker_subxact_info_add(TransactionId current_xid);
 extern void apply_bgworker_savepoint_name(Oid suboid, Oid relid,
 										  char *spname, int szsp);
 
+extern void apply_bgworker_relation_check(LogicalRepRelMapEntry *rel);
+
 #define isApplyBgWorker(worker) (worker->apply_leader_pid != InvalidPid)
 
 static inline bool
diff --git a/src/include/utils/typcache.h b/src/include/utils/typcache.h
index 431ad7f..ed7c2e7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/typcache.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/typcache.h
@@ -199,6 +199,8 @@ extern uint64 assign_record_type_identifier(Oid type_id, int32 typmod);
 
 extern int	compare_values_of_enum(TypeCacheEntry *tcache, Oid arg1, Oid arg2);
 
+extern List *GetDomainConstraints(Oid type_id);
+
 extern size_t SharedRecordTypmodRegistryEstimate(void);
 
 extern void SharedRecordTypmodRegistryInit(SharedRecordTypmodRegistry *,
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl
index 9f4946d..7a6cee6 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/015_stream.pl
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use Test::More;
 # streaming=parallel cases.
 sub test_streaming
 {
-	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname) = @_;
 
 	# Interleave a pair of transactions, each exceeding the 64kB limit.
 	my $in  = '';
@@ -24,16 +24,6 @@ sub test_streaming
 	my $h = $node_publisher->background_psql('postgres', \$in, \$out, $timer,
 		on_error_stop => 0);
 
-	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
-	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
-	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
-	if ($is_parallel)
-	{
-		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
-			"log_min_messages = debug1");
-		$node_subscriber->reload;
-	}
-
 	$in .= q{
 	BEGIN;
 	INSERT INTO test_tab SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(3, 5000) s(i);
@@ -42,14 +32,6 @@ sub test_streaming
 	};
 	$h->pump_nb;
 
-	if ($is_parallel)
-	{
-		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
-		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
-			"log_min_messages = warning");
-		$node_subscriber->reload;
-	}
-
 	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
 		'postgres', q{
 	BEGIN;
@@ -163,7 +145,7 @@ my $result =
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|2|2), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname);
 
 ######################################
 # Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
@@ -172,8 +154,13 @@ my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
 );
 
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel, binary = off)");
+# "streaming = parallel" does not support non-immutable functions, so change
+# the function in the default expression of column "c".
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+ALTER TABLE test_tab ALTER COLUMN c SET DEFAULT to_timestamp(0);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel, binary = off);
+});
 
 $node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
 	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
@@ -181,7 +168,7 @@ $node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
   or die
   "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
 
-test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname);
 
 $node_subscriber->stop;
 $node_publisher->stop;
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl
index 104a169..85fc57f 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/016_stream_subxact.pl
@@ -13,17 +13,7 @@ use Test::More;
 # streaming=parallel cases.
 sub test_streaming
 {
-	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
-
-	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
-	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
-	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
-	if ($is_parallel)
-	{
-		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
-			"log_min_messages = debug1");
-		$node_subscriber->reload;
-	}
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname) = @_;
 
 	# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed 64kB limit.
 	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
@@ -51,14 +41,6 @@ sub test_streaming
 	COMMIT;
 	});
 
-	if ($is_parallel)
-	{
-		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
-		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
-			"log_min_messages = warning");
-		$node_subscriber->reload;
-	}
-
 	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 	my $result =
@@ -119,7 +101,7 @@ my $result =
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|2|2), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname);
 
 ######################################
 # Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
@@ -128,8 +110,13 @@ my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
 );
 
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel)");
+# "streaming = parallel" does not support non-immutable functions, so change
+# the function in the default expression of column "c".
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+ALTER TABLE test_tab ALTER COLUMN c SET DEFAULT to_timestamp(0);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel);
+});
 
 $node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
 	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
@@ -137,7 +124,7 @@ $node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
   or die
   "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
 
-test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname);
 
 $node_subscriber->stop;
 $node_publisher->stop;
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl
index 0a4152d..3df1621 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/022_twophase_cascade.pl
@@ -470,6 +470,14 @@ test_streaming($node_A, $node_B, $node_C, $appname_B, $appname_C, 'on');
 ######################################
 # Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
 ######################################
+
+# "streaming = parallel" does not support non-immutable functions, so change
+# the function in the default expression of column "c".
+$node_B->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab ALTER COLUMN c SET DEFAULT to_timestamp(0);");
+$node_C->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab ALTER COLUMN c SET DEFAULT to_timestamp(0);");
+
 test_streaming($node_A, $node_B, $node_C, $appname_B, $appname_C, 'parallel');
 
 ###############################
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl
index ea1f476..c49cb10 100644
--- a/src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/023_twophase_stream.pl
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use Test::More;
 # streaming=parallel cases.
 sub test_streaming
 {
-	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, $is_parallel) = @_;
+	my ($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname) = @_;
 
 	###############################
 	# Test 2PC PREPARE / COMMIT PREPARED.
@@ -23,16 +23,6 @@ sub test_streaming
 	# Expect all data is replicated on subscriber side after the commit.
 	###############################
 
-	# Check that a background worker starts if "streaming" parameter is
-	# specified as "parallel".  We have to look for the DEBUG1 log messages
-	# about that, so temporarily bump up the log verbosity.
-	if ($is_parallel)
-	{
-		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
-			"log_min_messages = debug1");
-		$node_subscriber->reload;
-	}
-
 	# check that 2PC gets replicated to subscriber
 	# Insert, update and delete enough rows to exceed the 64kB limit.
 	$node_publisher->safe_psql(
@@ -43,14 +33,6 @@ sub test_streaming
 		DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE mod(a,3) = 0;
 		PREPARE TRANSACTION 'test_prepared_tab';});
 
-	if ($is_parallel)
-	{
-		$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(qr/\[Apply BGW #\d+\] started/, 0);
-		$node_subscriber->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
-			"log_min_messages = warning");
-		$node_subscriber->reload;
-	}
-
 	$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
 
 	# check that transaction is in prepared state on subscriber
@@ -333,7 +315,7 @@ my $result = $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"SELECT count(*), count(c), count(d = 999) FROM test_tab");
 is($result, qq(2|2|2), 'check initial data was copied to subscriber');
 
-test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 0);
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname);
 
 ######################################
 # Test using streaming mode 'parallel'
@@ -342,8 +324,13 @@ my $oldpid = $node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
 	"SELECT pid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
 );
 
-$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
-	"ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel)");
+# "streaming = parallel" does not support non-immutable functions, so change
+# the function in the default expression of column "c".
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+ALTER TABLE test_tab ALTER COLUMN c SET DEFAULT to_timestamp(0);
+ALTER SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub SET(streaming = parallel);
+});
 
 $node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
 	"SELECT pid != $oldpid FROM pg_stat_replication WHERE application_name = '$appname' AND state = 'streaming';"
@@ -351,7 +338,7 @@ $node_publisher->poll_query_until('postgres',
   or die
   "Timed out while waiting for apply to restart after changing SUBSCRIPTION";
 
-test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname, 1);
+test_streaming($node_publisher, $node_subscriber, $appname);
 
 ###############################
 # check all the cleanup
diff --git a/src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl b/src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05d3e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/subscription/t/032_streaming_apply.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+
+# Test the restrictions of streaming mode "parallel" in logical replication.
+# Without these restrictions, the subscriber's apply worker may fall into an
+# infinite wait without the user knowing.
+#
+# For normal tables, we use deadlock-producing test cases to ensure that future
+# modifications do not invalidate constraint checks.
+#
+# For partitioned tables, we just use test cases to confirm that the constraint
+# checks are as expected.
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
+use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
+use Test::More;
+
+my $offset = 0;
+
+# Create publisher node
+my $node_publisher = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('publisher');
+$node_publisher->init(allows_streaming => 'logical');
+$node_publisher->append_conf('postgresql.conf',
+	'logical_decoding_work_mem = 64kB');
+$node_publisher->start;
+
+# Create subscriber node
+my $node_subscriber = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('subscriber');
+$node_subscriber->init;
+$node_subscriber->start;
+
+# Setup structure on publisher
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE TABLE test_tab1 (a int)");
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE TABLE test_tab2 (a int)");
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE TABLE test_tab_partitioned (a int primary key, b varchar)");
+
+# Setup structure on subscriber
+# We need to test normal table and partition table.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE TABLE test_tab1 (a int)");
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE TABLE test_tab2 (a int)");
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE TABLE test_tab_partitioned (a int primary key, b varchar) PARTITION BY RANGE(a)");
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE TABLE test_tab_partition (LIKE test_tab_partitioned)");
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partitioned ATTACH PARTITION test_tab_partition DEFAULT"
+);
+
+# Setup logical replication
+my $publisher_connstr = $node_publisher->connstr . ' dbname=postgres';
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE PUBLICATION tap_pub_normal FOR TABLE test_tab1, test_tab2");
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE PUBLICATION tap_pub_partitioned FOR TABLE test_tab_partitioned");
+
+my $appname = 'tap_sub';
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', "
+	CREATE SUBSCRIPTION tap_sub
+	CONNECTION '$publisher_connstr application_name=$appname'
+	PUBLICATION tap_pub_normal, tap_pub_partitioned
+	WITH (streaming = parallel, copy_data = false)");
+
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+# Interleave a pair of transactions, each exceeding the 64kB limit.
+my $in  = '';
+my $out = '';
+
+my $timer = IPC::Run::timeout($PostgreSQL::Test::Utils::timeout_default);
+
+my $h = $node_publisher->background_psql('postgres', \$in, \$out, $timer,
+	on_error_stop => 0);
+
+# ============================================================================
+# It is not allowed that the unique column in the relation on the
+# subscriber-side is not the unique column on the publisher-side. Check the
+# error reported by background worker in this case.
+# ============================================================================
+
+# First we check the unique index on normal table.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_tab1 on test_tab1(a)");
+
+$in .= q{
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO test_tab1 SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i);
+};
+$h->pump_nb;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab1 values(1)");
+
+$in .= q{
+COMMIT;
+\q
+};
+$h->finish;
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop the unique index on the subscriber, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "DROP INDEX idx_tab1");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+my $result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
+is($result, qq(5001), 'data replicated to subscriber after dropping index');
+
+# Clean up test data from the environment.
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1");
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+# Then we check the unique index on partition table.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX test_tab_b_partition_idx ON test_tab_partition (b)");
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"INSERT INTO test_tab_partitioned SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i)"
+);
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop the unique index on the subscriber, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "DROP INDEX test_tab_b_partition_idx");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
+is($result, qq(5000), 'data replicated to subscriber after dropping index');
+
+# ============================================================================
+# Triggers which execute non-immutable function are not allowed on the
+# subscriber side. Check the error reported by background worker in this case.
+# ============================================================================
+
+# First we check the trigger function on normal table.
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_tab2 on test_tab2(a)");
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_tab2 on test_tab2(a)");
+
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func_tab1_unsafe() RETURNS TRIGGER AS \$\$
+  BEGIN
+    INSERT INTO public.test_tab2 VALUES (NEW.*);
+    RETURN NEW;
+  END
+\$\$ language plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER tri_tab1_unsafe
+BEFORE INSERT ON public.test_tab1
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func_tab1_unsafe();
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER tri_tab1_unsafe;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func_tab1_safe() RETURNS TRIGGER AS \$\$
+  BEGIN
+    RAISE NOTICE 'test for safe trigger function';
+	RETURN NEW;
+  END
+\$\$ language plpgsql;
+ALTER FUNCTION trigger_func_tab1_safe IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE TRIGGER tri_tab1_safe
+BEFORE INSERT ON public.test_tab1
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func_tab1_safe();
+});
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$in .= q{
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO test_tab1 VALUES(5001);
+INSERT INTO test_tab2 SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i);
+};
+$h->pump_nb;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab1 VALUES(5001)");
+
+$in .= q{
+COMMIT;
+\q
+};
+$h->finish;
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Using trigger with immutable function, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER tri_tab1_safe;
+DROP TRIGGER tri_tab1_unsafe ON public.test_tab1;
+});
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
+is($result, qq(2), 'data replicated to subscriber after using immutable expression');
+
+# Clean up test data from the environment.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+DROP INDEX idx_tab2;
+DROP TRIGGER tri_tab1_safe ON public.test_tab1;
+DROP function trigger_func_tab1_unsafe;
+DROP function trigger_func_tab1_safe;
+});
+$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+DROP INDEX idx_tab2;
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1;
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab2;
+});
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+# Then we check the trigger function on partition table.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func() RETURNS TRIGGER AS \$\$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN NULL;
+  END
+\$\$ language plpgsql;
+CREATE TRIGGER insert_trig
+BEFORE INSERT ON test_tab_partition
+FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func();
+ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER insert_trig;
+});
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab_partitioned");
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop the trigger on the subscriber, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"DROP TRIGGER insert_trig ON test_tab_partition");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
+is($result, qq(0), 'data replicated to subscriber after dropping trigger');
+
+# ============================================================================
+# It is not allowed that column default value expression contains a
+# non-immutable function on the subscriber side. Check the error reported by
+# background worker in this case.
+# ============================================================================
+
+# First we check the column default value expression on normal table.
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab2 VALUES(1)");
+
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+CREATE FUNCTION func_count_tab2() RETURNS INT AS \$\$
+  BEGIN
+    RETURN (SELECT count(*) FROM public.test_tab2);
+  END
+\$\$ language plpgsql;
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ADD COLUMN b int DEFAULT func_count_tab2();
+});
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$in .= q{
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE test_tab2;
+INSERT INTO test_tab1 SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i);
+};
+$h->pump_nb;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab1(a) VALUES(1)");
+
+$in .= q{
+COMMIT;
+\q
+};
+$h->finish;
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Alter default values to immutable expression, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT 1");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
+is($result, qq(5001),
+	'data replicated to subscriber after using immutable expression');
+
+# Clean up test data from the environment.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP COLUMN b");
+$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1;
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab2;
+});
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+# Then we check the column default value expression on partition table.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition ALTER COLUMN b SET DEFAULT random()");
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"INSERT INTO test_tab_partitioned SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i)"
+);
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop default value on the subscriber, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition ALTER COLUMN b DROP DEFAULT");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
+is($result, qq(5000),
+	'data replicated to subscriber after dropping default value expression');
+
+# ============================================================================
+# It is not allowed that domain constraint expression contains a non-immutable
+# function on the subscriber side. Check the error reported by background
+# worker in this case.
+# ============================================================================
+
+# Because the column type of the partition table must be the same as its parent
+# table, only test normal table here.
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab2 VALUES(1)");
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+CREATE DOMAIN tmp_domain AS int CHECK (VALUE > -1);
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE tmp_domain;
+});
+
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+CREATE DOMAIN tmp_domain AS INT CONSTRAINT domain_check CHECK (VALUE >= func_count_tab2());
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE tmp_domain;
+});
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$in .= q{
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE test_tab2;
+INSERT INTO test_tab1 SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i);
+};
+$h->pump_nb;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab1(a) VALUES(1)");
+
+$in .= q{
+COMMIT;
+\q
+};
+$h->finish;
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop domain constraint expression, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER DOMAIN tmp_domain DROP CONSTRAINT domain_check");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
+is($result, qq(5001),
+	'data replicated to subscriber after using immutable expression'
+);
+
+# Clean up test data from the environment.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ALTER COLUMN a TYPE int");
+$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1;
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab2;
+});
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+# ============================================================================
+# It is not allowed that constraint expression contains a non-immutable function
+# on the subscriber side. Check the error reported by background worker in this
+# case.
+# ============================================================================
+
+# First we check the constraint expression on normal table.
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab2 VALUES(1)");
+
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ADD CONSTRAINT const_tab1_unsafe CHECK(a >= func_count_tab2());
+});
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$in .= q{
+BEGIN;
+TRUNCATE test_tab2;
+INSERT INTO test_tab1 SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i);
+};
+$h->pump_nb;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "INSERT INTO test_tab1(a) VALUES(1)");
+
+$in .= q{
+COMMIT;
+\q
+};
+$h->finish;
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Alter constraint expression to immutable expression, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP CONSTRAINT const_tab1_unsafe;
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ADD CONSTRAINT const_tab1_safe CHECK(a >= 0);
+});
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
+is($result, qq(5001),
+	'data replicated to subscriber after using immutable expression');
+
+# Clean up test data from the environment.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP CONSTRAINT const_tab1_safe");
+$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1;
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab2;
+});
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+# Then we check the constraint expression on partition table.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab_con check (a > random());
+});
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab_partitioned");
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop constraint on the subscriber, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab_con");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
+is($result, qq(0),
+	'data replicated to subscriber after dropping constraint expression');
+
+# ============================================================================
+# It is not allowed that foreign key on the subscriber side. Check the error
+# reported by background worker in this case.
+# ============================================================================
+
+# First we check the foreign key on normal table.
+$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+CREATE TABLE tab_nopublic(a int);
+ALTER TABLE test_tab2 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);
+ALTER TABLE test_tab2 REPLICA IDENTITY FULL;
+INSERT INTO test_tab2 VALUES(1);
+});
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab2 ADD PRIMARY KEY (a);");
+
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab1fk FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES test_tab2(a);
+SELECT 'ALTER TABLE test_tab1 ENABLE REPLICA TRIGGER "' || tgname || '"' FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'test_tab1'::regclass::oid \\gexec
+});
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$in .= q{
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO test_tab1(a) VALUES(1);
+INSERT INTO tab_nopublic SELECT i FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i);
+};
+$h->pump_nb;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres', "DELETE FROM test_tab2");
+
+$in .= q{
+COMMIT;
+\q
+};
+$h->finish;
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab1" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop the foreign key constraint on the subscriber, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "ALTER TABLE test_tab1 DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab1fk");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab1");
+is($result, qq(1),
+	'data replicated to subscriber after dropping the foreign key');
+
+# Clean up test data from the environment.
+$node_publisher->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab1;
+TRUNCATE TABLE test_tab2;
+});
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+# Then we check the foreign key on partition table.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql(
+	'postgres', qq{
+CREATE TABLE test_tab_partition_f (a int primary key);
+ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition ADD CONSTRAINT test_tab_patition_fk FOREIGN KEY(a) REFERENCES test_tab_partition_f(a);
+});
+
+# Check the subscriber log from now on.
+$offset = -s $node_subscriber->logfile;
+
+$node_publisher->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"INSERT INTO test_tab_partitioned SELECT i, md5(i::text) FROM generate_series(1, 5000) s(i)"
+);
+
+$node_subscriber->wait_for_log(
+	qr/ERROR: ( [A-Z0-9]+:)? cannot replicate target relation "public.test_tab_partitioned" using subscription parameter streaming = parallel/,
+	$offset);
+
+# Drop the foreign key constraint on the subscriber, now it works.
+$node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres',
+	"ALTER TABLE test_tab_partition DROP CONSTRAINT test_tab_patition_fk");
+
+# Wait for this streaming transaction to be applied in the apply worker.
+$node_publisher->wait_for_catchup($appname);
+
+$result =
+  $node_subscriber->safe_psql('postgres', "SELECT count(*) FROM test_tab_partitioned");
+is($result, qq(5000),
+	'data replicated to subscriber after dropping the foreign key');
+
+$node_subscriber->stop;
+$node_publisher->stop;
+
+done_testing();
diff --git a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
index 4782ca1..74a5a0d 100644
--- a/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
+++ b/src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list
@@ -1891,6 +1891,7 @@ PageXLogRecPtr
 PagetableEntry
 Pairs
 ParallelAppendState
+ParallelApplySafety
 ParallelBitmapHeapState
 ParallelBlockTableScanDesc
 ParallelBlockTableScanWorker
-- 
2.7.2.windows.1



  [application/octet-stream] v24-0005-Add-a-main_worker_pid-to-pg_stat_subscription.patch (7.7K, ../OS0PR01MB57166F15F4542FAE69A74EC094739@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com/6-v24-0005-Add-a-main_worker_pid-to-pg_stat_subscription.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From 77445d33273b49ca4595f07fdebf1df04438c917 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "houzj.fnst" <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 11 Aug 2022 11:49:08 +0800
Subject: [PATCH v24 5/5] Add a main_worker_pid to pg_stat_subscription

main_worker_pid is Process ID of the main apply worker, if this process is a
apply background worker. NULL if this process is a main apply worker or a
synchronization worker.

The new column can make it easier to distinguish main apply worker and apply
background worker which is also similar to the 'leader_pid' column in
pg_stat_activity.
---
 doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml               | 21 +++++++++++++++++----
 src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql       |  1 +
 src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c | 28 +++++++++++++++++-----------
 src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat            |  6 +++---
 src/test/regress/expected/rules.out        |  3 ++-
 5 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index 1d9509a..54de435 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -3180,11 +3180,22 @@ SELECT pid, wait_event_type, wait_event FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE wait_event i
 
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+       <structfield>apply_leader_pid</structfield> <type>integer</type>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Process ID of the main apply worker, if this process is an apply
+       background worker. NULL if this process is a main apply worker or a
+       synchronization worker.
+      </para></entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>relid</structfield> <type>oid</type>
       </para>
       <para>
        OID of the relation that the worker is synchronizing; null for the
-       main apply worker
+       main apply worker and the apply background worker
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
@@ -3194,7 +3205,7 @@ SELECT pid, wait_event_type, wait_event FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE wait_event i
       </para>
       <para>
        Last write-ahead log location received, the initial value of
-       this field being 0
+       this field being 0; null for the apply background worker
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
@@ -3203,7 +3214,8 @@ SELECT pid, wait_event_type, wait_event FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE wait_event i
        <structfield>last_msg_send_time</structfield> <type>timestamp with time zone</type>
       </para>
       <para>
-       Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender
+       Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender; null for the
+       apply background worker
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
@@ -3212,7 +3224,8 @@ SELECT pid, wait_event_type, wait_event FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE wait_event i
        <structfield>last_msg_receipt_time</structfield> <type>timestamp with time zone</type>
       </para>
       <para>
-       Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender
+       Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender; null for
+       the apply background worker
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 652d76f..d35748b 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -947,6 +947,7 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_subscription AS
             su.oid AS subid,
             su.subname,
             st.pid,
+            st.apply_leader_pid,
             st.relid,
             st.received_lsn,
             st.last_msg_send_time,
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c b/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
index c7ffcc3..e7f5f61 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/logical/launcher.c
@@ -1032,7 +1032,7 @@ IsLogicalLauncher(void)
 Datum
 pg_stat_get_subscription(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 {
-#define PG_STAT_GET_SUBSCRIPTION_COLS	8
+#define PG_STAT_GET_SUBSCRIPTION_COLS	9
 	Oid			subid = PG_ARGISNULL(0) ? InvalidOid : PG_GETARG_OID(0);
 	int			i;
 	ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
@@ -1066,26 +1066,32 @@ pg_stat_get_subscription(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 		else
 			nulls[1] = true;
 		values[2] = Int32GetDatum(worker_pid);
-		if (XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(worker.last_lsn))
+
+		if (worker.apply_leader_pid == 0)
 			nulls[3] = true;
 		else
-			values[3] = LSNGetDatum(worker.last_lsn);
-		if (worker.last_send_time == 0)
+			values[3] = Int32GetDatum(worker.apply_leader_pid);
+
+		if (XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(worker.last_lsn))
 			nulls[4] = true;
 		else
-			values[4] = TimestampTzGetDatum(worker.last_send_time);
-		if (worker.last_recv_time == 0)
+			values[4] = LSNGetDatum(worker.last_lsn);
+		if (worker.last_send_time == 0)
 			nulls[5] = true;
 		else
-			values[5] = TimestampTzGetDatum(worker.last_recv_time);
-		if (XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(worker.reply_lsn))
+			values[5] = TimestampTzGetDatum(worker.last_send_time);
+		if (worker.last_recv_time == 0)
 			nulls[6] = true;
 		else
-			values[6] = LSNGetDatum(worker.reply_lsn);
-		if (worker.reply_time == 0)
+			values[6] = TimestampTzGetDatum(worker.last_recv_time);
+		if (XLogRecPtrIsInvalid(worker.reply_lsn))
 			nulls[7] = true;
 		else
-			values[7] = TimestampTzGetDatum(worker.reply_time);
+			values[7] = LSNGetDatum(worker.reply_lsn);
+		if (worker.reply_time == 0)
+			nulls[8] = true;
+		else
+			values[8] = TimestampTzGetDatum(worker.reply_time);
 
 		tuplestore_putvalues(rsinfo->setResult, rsinfo->setDesc,
 							 values, nulls);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index be47583..b68843d 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5393,9 +5393,9 @@
   proname => 'pg_stat_get_subscription', prorows => '10', proisstrict => 'f',
   proretset => 't', provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r',
   prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => 'oid',
-  proallargtypes => '{oid,oid,oid,int4,pg_lsn,timestamptz,timestamptz,pg_lsn,timestamptz}',
-  proargmodes => '{i,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
-  proargnames => '{subid,subid,relid,pid,received_lsn,last_msg_send_time,last_msg_receipt_time,latest_end_lsn,latest_end_time}',
+  proallargtypes => '{oid,oid,oid,int4,int4,pg_lsn,timestamptz,timestamptz,pg_lsn,timestamptz}',
+  proargmodes => '{i,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
+  proargnames => '{subid,subid,relid,pid,apply_leader_pid,received_lsn,last_msg_send_time,last_msg_receipt_time,latest_end_lsn,latest_end_time}',
   prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_subscription' },
 { oid => '2026', descr => 'statistics: current backend PID',
   proname => 'pg_backend_pid', provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index 7ec3d26..007e710 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -2091,6 +2091,7 @@ pg_stat_ssl| SELECT s.pid,
 pg_stat_subscription| SELECT su.oid AS subid,
     su.subname,
     st.pid,
+    st.apply_leader_pid,
     st.relid,
     st.received_lsn,
     st.last_msg_send_time,
@@ -2098,7 +2099,7 @@ pg_stat_subscription| SELECT su.oid AS subid,
     st.latest_end_lsn,
     st.latest_end_time
    FROM (pg_subscription su
-     LEFT JOIN pg_stat_get_subscription(NULL::oid) st(subid, relid, pid, received_lsn, last_msg_send_time, last_msg_receipt_time, latest_end_lsn, latest_end_time) ON ((st.subid = su.oid)));
+     LEFT JOIN pg_stat_get_subscription(NULL::oid) st(subid, relid, pid, apply_leader_pid, received_lsn, last_msg_send_time, last_msg_receipt_time, latest_end_lsn, latest_end_time) ON ((st.subid = su.oid)));
 pg_stat_subscription_stats| SELECT ss.subid,
     s.subname,
     ss.apply_error_count,
-- 
2.7.2.windows.1



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  To: [email protected]
  Cc: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
  Subject: RE: Perform streaming logical transactions by background workers and parallel apply
  In-Reply-To: <OS0PR01MB57166F15F4542FAE69A74EC094739@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com>

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