Received: from malur.postgresql.org ([217.196.149.56]) by arkaria.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1vrqpn-009OIm-2c for pgsql-hackers@arkaria.postgresql.org; Mon, 16 Feb 2026 05:07:47 +0000 Received: from localhost ([127.0.0.1] helo=malur.postgresql.org) by malur.postgresql.org with esmtp (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1vrqpl-003gDt-11 for pgsql-hackers@arkaria.postgresql.org; Mon, 16 Feb 2026 05:07:45 +0000 Received: from magus.postgresql.org ([2a02:c0:301:0:ffff::29]) by malur.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.96) (envelope-from ) id 1vrqpk-003gDk-2T for pgsql-hackers@lists.postgresql.org; Mon, 16 Feb 2026 05:07:45 +0000 Received: from earwig.ash.relay.mailchannels.net ([23.83.222.54]) by magus.postgresql.org with esmtps (TLS1.3) tls TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (Exim 4.98.2) (envelope-from ) id 1vrqph-00000000xfb-35Fv for pgsql-hackers@lists.postgresql.org; Mon, 16 Feb 2026 05:07:44 +0000 X-Sender-Id: dreamhost|x-authsender|nico@cryptonector.com Received: from relay.mailchannels.net (localhost [127.0.0.1]) by relay.mailchannels.net (Postfix) with ESMTP id A01A272186B; Mon, 16 Feb 2026 05:07:38 +0000 (UTC) Received: from pdx1-sub0-mail-a215.dreamhost.com (100-103-28-163.trex-nlb.outbound.svc.cluster.local [100.103.28.163]) (Authenticated sender: dreamhost) by relay.mailchannels.net (Postfix) with ESMTPA id 3EB0772180E; Mon, 16 Feb 2026 05:07:38 +0000 (UTC) ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; d=mailchannels.net; s=arc-2022; cv=none; t=1771218458; b=CtxZZTJ8GExogiIGp01ba19cH5mLi34qfgLrt3CJah0DDUMzMCd1d5dtCaxoOmt6dh8aLi 99yY9S6YnFo7XWx3h5RiJDRcCNjuFzLPt/Z8v79q6wljKjqZygK4HgLwq+K40kfUpvvgTZ nMIuluKfyogUKIuUK6rIQbIy8GIJ6JqFFIQed57FXx8ha41RqyxuL3DquHPBz/JBcgAxpN NkF7wuARvBJqP41tGxTNGSId36psRL0hw5NVu06UcFMlDopWAitpsmpz+5KxT5759VsRsz OKvdR1R9R/7LcYwSzn/B8i3FUjtfeFKrwT5DgjTPi3qU2qiv7XRWY9PcF3dFvg== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=mailchannels.net; s=arc-2022; t=1771218458; h=from:from:reply-to:subject:subject:date:date:message-id:message-id: to:to:cc:cc:mime-version:mime-version:content-type:content-type: in-reply-to:in-reply-to:references:references:dkim-signature; bh=4FtK+/A+MntYQiVQchIOVA1Yhb8veT+1dakzQxFKn94=; b=IjvHUQ3lzGMiVMFPpmtNMbyRFVH2+nF7cmjqn4vBlWWg40cnuzqNKWsFfw2C0Z/TWoI38R bunZougC6+/RDTU4swxFFCMti+vH6mEFMz4AAENioXXWXk3V97dQKNE6FWsFnkYJMBK2Ku X0XCPvQGJZuys1bnwWLTxmF1BTZTi5zNu4+GIjVl+p9iGFuo4NiS6JYOVD4fCigGRYtiHO M6UUwZLwvMtxGYMR82MHHF9DsXpxoxqAC9R+78P3Yl0Oh4IGP8Z98IdoDB3PfxV4N8+3kz cRoJ7hDmeiWq0M388FB9UL/uRhkit1RSc/dhxVfSi3oWZgPvtibudNyMdyMdnw== ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; rspamd-845545c4df-mlcc9; auth=pass smtp.auth=dreamhost smtp.mailfrom=nico@cryptonector.com X-Sender-Id: dreamhost|x-authsender|nico@cryptonector.com X-MC-Relay: Neutral X-MailChannels-SenderId: dreamhost|x-authsender|nico@cryptonector.com X-MailChannels-Auth-Id: dreamhost X-Stupid-Arch: 4665d97f0eb9a684_1771218458500_2731041034 X-MC-Loop-Signature: 1771218458500:769894099 X-MC-Ingress-Time: 1771218458500 Received: from pdx1-sub0-mail-a215.dreamhost.com (pop.dreamhost.com [64.90.62.162]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384) by 100.103.28.163 (trex/7.1.3); Mon, 16 Feb 2026 05:07:38 +0000 Received: from ubby (unknown [75.81.95.64]) (using TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange ECDHE (P-256) server-signature RSA-PSS (2048 bits) server-digest SHA256) (No client certificate requested) (Authenticated sender: nico@cryptonector.com) by pdx1-sub0-mail-a215.dreamhost.com (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id 4fDrPP4DlXz1t; Sun, 15 Feb 2026 21:07:37 -0800 (PST) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=cryptonector.com; s=dreamhost; t=1771218458; bh=4FtK+/A+MntYQiVQchIOVA1Yhb8veT+1dakzQxFKn94=; h=Date:From:To:Cc:Subject:Content-Type; b=UvNeShoSUaAF0D2NoUYXqi21J99xRkVuMVqMWbUeIGGrsNapHd2u4TTapnxnZulCr tbYH/Rk4Ue//HfEhhwyPCqTNNIfMjYsNqJLHZfjvK9tVj325gDKze2lIFFpm3RmmR+ SxUj/1l1aed+ARalG5l9SL+U25Tzj4KnvYrCxW5OAdzx6suTPE8Y7XKpaatObp64We yepzzAl4tLvq6aQtSFVzLQe8IZhjWptfPLJLqfWAi/TxJhSCl/zWF7Qmz5x6AIblgP dbwkt5nsA+3e5ucpm/ugKbAF/KfKvnPmCDpikpUff886mxEl780W2b6zBd4hcZjmqn Tzz4tDAkO30xQ== Date: Sun, 15 Feb 2026 23:07:35 -0600 From: Nico Williams To: Thomas Munro Cc: Tatsuo Ishii , andreas@proxel.se, pgsql-hackers@lists.postgresql.org Subject: Re: Questionable description about character sets Message-ID: References: <20260211.185847.1679085676298121526.ishii@postgresql.org> <29fd7c6b-b3cd-4d45-977c-d9ef2f88378a@proxel.se> <20260214.192033.705419152780150580.ishii@postgresql.org> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: List-Id: List-Help: List-Subscribe: List-Post: List-Owner: List-Archive: Archived-At: Precedence: bulk On Mon, Feb 16, 2026 at 05:35:41PM +1300, Thomas Munro wrote: > [...]. UTF-16 is > apparently sometimes preferred to save space in other RDBMSs that can > do it, but I suppose you could achieve the same size most of the time > with a scheme like that. [...] [Off-topic] I think UTF-16 yielding smaller encodings is a truism. It really depends on what language the text is mostly written in, but mostly it's a truism that's not true. Anyways, UTF-16 has to go away, and the sooner the better. Nico --