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[PATCH v1] Language fixen for 15cb2bd27009f73a84a35c2ba60fdd105b4bf263
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* [PATCH v1] Language fixen for 15cb2bd27009f73a84a35c2ba60fdd105b4bf263
@ 2020-06-20 21:37 Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@telsasoft.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Justin Pryzby @ 2020-06-20 21:37 UTC (permalink / raw)

---
 doc/src/sgml/brin.sgml   | 12 ++++++------
 doc/src/sgml/btree.sgml  | 12 ++++++------
 doc/src/sgml/gin.sgml    | 10 +++++-----
 doc/src/sgml/gist.sgml   | 18 +++++++++---------
 doc/src/sgml/spgist.sgml |  6 +++---
 doc/src/sgml/xindex.sgml | 18 +++++++++---------
 6 files changed, 38 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/brin.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/brin.sgml
index d7f1af7819..4c5eeb875f 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/brin.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/brin.sgml
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ typedef struct BrinOpcInfo
    </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>
 
-  Optionally, an operator class for <acronym>BRIN</acronym> can supply the
+  An operator class for <acronym>BRIN</acronym> can optionally specify the
   following method:
 
   <variablelist>
@@ -570,22 +570,22 @@ typedef struct BrinOpcInfo
      <term><function>void options(local_relopts *relopts)</function></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Defines set of user-visible parameters that control operator class
+       Defines a set of user-visible parameters that control operator class
        behavior.
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       The <function>options</function> function has given pointer to
+       The <function>options</function> function is passed a pointer to a
        <replaceable>local_relopts</replaceable> struct, which needs to be
        filled with a set of operator class specific options.  The options
-       can be accessed from other support functions using
+       can be accessed from other support functions using the
        <literal>PG_HAS_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> and
        <literal>PG_GET_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> macros.
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       Since both key extraction for indexed value and representation of the
-       key in <acronym>GIN</acronym> are flexible, it may depends on
+       Since both key extraction of indexed values and representation of the
+       key in <acronym>GIN</acronym> are flexible, they may depend on
        user-specified parameters.
       </para>
      </listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/btree.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/btree.sgml
index 2c4dd48ea3..b17b166e84 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/btree.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/btree.sgml
@@ -557,7 +557,7 @@ equalimage(<replaceable>opcintype</replaceable> <type>oid</type>) returns bool
      Optionally, a B-tree operator family may provide
      <function>options</function> (<quote>operator class specific
      options</quote>) support functions, registered under support
-     function number 5.  These functions define set of user-visible
+     function number 5.  These functions define a set of user-visible
      parameters that control operator class behavior.
     </para>
     <para>
@@ -566,19 +566,19 @@ equalimage(<replaceable>opcintype</replaceable> <type>oid</type>) returns bool
 <synopsis>
 options(<replaceable>relopts</replaceable> <type>local_relopts *</type>) returns void
 </synopsis>
-     The function has given pointer to <replaceable>local_relopts</replaceable>
+     The function is passed a pointer to a <replaceable>local_relopts</replaceable>
      struct, which needs to be filled with a set of operator class
      specific options.  The options can be accessed from other support
-     functions using <literal>PG_HAS_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> and
+     functions using the <literal>PG_HAS_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> and
      <literal>PG_GET_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> macros.
     </para>
     <para>
-     Currently, no B-Tree operator class has <function>options</function>
+     Currently, no B-Tree operator class has an <function>options</function>
      support function.  B-tree doesn't allow flexible representation of keys
      like GiST, SP-GiST, GIN and BRIN do.  So, <function>options</function>
-     probably doesn't have much usage in current shape of B-tree index
+     probably doesn't have much application in the current B-tree index
      access method.  Nevertheless, this support function was added to B-tree
-     for uniformity, and probably it will found its usage during further
+     for uniformity, and will probably find uses during further
      evolution of B-tree in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
     </para>
    </listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/gin.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/gin.sgml
index d85e7c8796..7a8c18a449 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/gin.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/gin.sgml
@@ -411,17 +411,17 @@
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       The <function>options</function> function has given pointer to
+       The <function>options</function> function is passed a pointer to a
        <replaceable>local_relopts</replaceable> struct, which needs to be
-       filled with s set of operator class specific options.  The options
-       can be accessed from other support functions using
+       filled with a set of operator class specific options.  The options
+       can be accessed from other support functions using the
        <literal>PG_HAS_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> and
        <literal>PG_GET_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> macros.
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       Since both key extraction for indexed value and representation of the
-       key in <acronym>GIN</acronym> are flexible, it may depends on
+       Since both key extraction of indexed values and representation of the
+       key in <acronym>GIN</acronym> are flexible, they may depend on
        user-specified parameters.
       </para>
      </listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/gist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/gist.sgml
index 31c28fdb61..5d970ee9f2 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/gist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/gist.sgml
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ my_fetch(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
      <term><function>options</function></term>
      <listitem>
       <para>
-       Allows defintion of user-visible parameters that control operator
+       Allows definition of user-visible parameters that control operator
        class behavior.
       </para>
 
@@ -962,16 +962,16 @@ LANGUAGE C STRICT;
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       The function has given pointer to <replaceable>local_relopts</replaceable>
+       The function is passed a pointer to a <replaceable>local_relopts</replaceable>
        struct, which needs to be filled with a set of operator class
        specific options.  The options can be accessed from other support
-       functions using <literal>PG_HAS_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> and
+       functions using the <literal>PG_HAS_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> and
        <literal>PG_GET_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> macros.
       </para>
 
        <para>
-        The sample implementation of my_option() and parameters usage
-        in the another support function are given below:
+        An example implementation of my_options() and parameters use
+        from other support functions are given below:
 
 <programlisting>
 typedef enum MyEnumType
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ typedef struct
     int     str_param;  /* string parameter */
 } MyOptionsStruct;
 
-/* String representations for enum values */
+/* String representation of enum values */
 static relopt_enum_elt_def myEnumValues[] =
 {
     {"on", MY_ENUM_ON},
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ static relopt_enum_elt_def myEnumValues[] =
 static char *str_param_default = "default";
 
 /*
- * Sample validatior: checks that string is not longer than 8 bytes.
+ * Sample validator: checks that string is not longer than 8 bytes.
  */
 static void 
 validate_my_string_relopt(const char *value)
@@ -1090,8 +1090,8 @@ my_compress(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 
       <para>
        Since the representation of the key in <acronym>GiST</acronym> is
-       flexible, it may depends on user-specified parameters.  For instace,
-       the length of key signature may be such parameter.  See
+       flexible, it may depend on user-specified parameters.  For instance,
+       the length of key signature may be specified.  See
        <literal>gtsvector_options()</literal> for example.
       </para>
      </listitem>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/spgist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/spgist.sgml
index 03f914735b..1395dbaf88 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/spgist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/spgist.sgml
@@ -895,16 +895,16 @@ LANGUAGE C STRICT;
       </para>
 
       <para>
-       The function has given pointer to <replaceable>local_relopts</replaceable>
+       The function is passed a pointer to a <replaceable>local_relopts</replaceable>
        struct, which needs to be filled with a set of operator class
        specific options.  The options can be accessed from other support
-       functions using <literal>PG_HAS_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> and
+       functions using the <literal>PG_HAS_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> and
        <literal>PG_GET_OPCLASS_OPTIONS()</literal> macros.
       </para>
 
       <para>
        Since the representation of the key in <acronym>SP-GiST</acronym> is
-       flexible, it may depends on user-specified parameters.
+       flexible, it may depend on user-specified parameters.
       </para>
      </listitem>
     </varlistentry>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xindex.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xindex.sgml
index 0e4587a81b..2cfd71b5b7 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/xindex.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xindex.sgml
@@ -410,9 +410,9 @@
   </para>
 
   <para>
-   Additionally, some opclasses allow user to set specific parameters, which
-   controls its behavior.  Each builtin index access method have optional
-   <function>options</function> support function, which defines set of
+   Additionally, some opclasses allow users to specify parameters which
+   control their behavior.  Each builtin index access method has an optional
+   <function>options</function> support function, which defines a set of
    opclass-specific parameters.
   </para>
 
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@
       </row>
       <row>
        <entry>
-        Defines set of options that are specific for this operator class
+        Defines a set of options that are specific to this operator class
         (optional)
        </entry>
        <entry>5</entry>
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@
       </row>
       <row>
        <entry>
-        Defines set of options that are specific for this operator class
+        Defines a set of options that are specific to this operator class
         (optional)
        </entry>
        <entry>3</entry>
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
       <row>
        <entry><function>options</function></entry>
        <entry>
-        Defines set of options that are specific for this operator class
+        Defines a set of options that are specific to this operator class
         (optional)
        </entry>
        <entry>10</entry>
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@
       <row>
        <entry><function>options</function></entry>
        <entry>
-        Defines set of options that are specific for this operator class
+        Defines a set of options that are specific to this operator class
         (optional)
        </entry>
        <entry>6</entry>
@@ -720,7 +720,7 @@
       <row>
        <entry><function>options</function></entry>
        <entry>
-        Defines set of options that are specific for this operator class
+        Defines a set of options that are specific to this operator class
         (optional)
        </entry>
        <entry>7</entry>
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@
       <row>
        <entry><function>options</function></entry>
        <entry>
-        Defines set of options that are specific for this operator class
+        Defines a set of options that are specific to this operator class
         (optional)
        </entry>
        <entry>5</entry>
-- 
2.17.0


--W2ydbIOJmkm74tJ2--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server
@ 2025-07-18 14:52 Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 324+ messages in thread

From: Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais @ 2025-07-18 14:52 UTC (permalink / raw)

When a foreign table points to a partitioned table or an inheritance
parent on the foreign server, a non-direct DML can affect multiple
rows when only one row is intended to be affected. This happens
because postgres_fdw uses only ctid to identify a row to work on.
Though ctid uniquely identifies a row in a single table, in a
partitioned table or in an inheritance hierarchy, there can be be
multiple rows, in different partitions, with the same ctid. So a DML
statement sent to the foreign server by postgres_fdw ends up affecting
more than one rows, only one of which is intended to be affected.

In such a case it's good to throw an error instead of corrupting
remote database with unwanted UPDATE/DELETEs. Subsequent commits will
try to fix this situation.

Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat.oss@gmail.com>
Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota.ntt@gmail.com>

Rebased by Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
---
 .../postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out    | 26 ++++++++------
 contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c           | 36 +++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
index 62019eaa881..b0ef54a2889 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/expected/postgres_fdw.out
@@ -8984,10 +8984,11 @@ UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fa SET aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'zzzz' ELSE NULL END) WHERE aa = 'aaa';
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  |  aa  
-----------+-------+------
- fa       | (0,2) | zzzz
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
+----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9008,11 +9009,13 @@ DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fa WHERE aa = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb' END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fa;
- tableoid | ctid  | aa 
+ tableoid | ctid  | aa  
 ----------+-------+-----
+ fa       | (0,1) | aaa
  fa       | (0,1) | bbb
-(1 row)
+(2 rows)
 
 -- cleanup
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fa;
@@ -9048,10 +9051,11 @@ UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
 (5 rows)
 
 UPDATE fplt SET b = (CASE WHEN random() <= 1 THEN 10 ELSE 20 END) WHERE a = 1;
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
- tableoid | ctid  | a | b  
-----------+-------+---+----
- fplt     | (0,2) | 1 | 10
+ tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
+----------+-------+---+---
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
  fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
 (2 rows)
 
@@ -9071,11 +9075,13 @@ DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
 (6 rows)
 
 DELETE FROM fplt WHERE a = (CASE WHEN random() <=  1 THEN 1 ELSE 10 END);
+ERROR:  foreign server affected 2 rows when only one was expected
 SELECT tableoid::regclass, ctid, * FROM fplt;
  tableoid | ctid  | a | b 
 ----------+-------+---+---
- fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2 
-(1 row)
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 1 | 1
+ fplt     | (0,1) | 2 | 2
+(2 rows)
 
 DROP TABLE plt;
 DROP FOREIGN TABLE fplt;
diff --git a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
index e0a34b27c7c..09c87d0e5d8 100644
--- a/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
+++ b/contrib/postgres_fdw/postgres_fdw.c
@@ -4132,7 +4132,8 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 	ItemPointer ctid = NULL;
 	const char **p_values;
 	PGresult   *res;
-	int			n_rows;
+	int			n_rows_returned;
+	int			n_rows_affected;
 	StringInfoData sql;
 
 	/* The operation should be INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
@@ -4213,27 +4214,50 @@ execute_foreign_modify(EState *estate,
 		pgfdw_report_error(ERROR, res, fmstate->conn, true, fmstate->query);
 
 	/* Check number of rows affected, and fetch RETURNING tuple if any */
+	n_rows_affected = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
 	if (fmstate->has_returning)
 	{
 		Assert(*numSlots == 1);
-		n_rows = PQntuples(res);
-		if (n_rows > 0)
+		n_rows_returned = PQntuples(res);
+		if (n_rows_returned > 0)
 			store_returning_result(fmstate, slots[0], res);
+
+		// FIXME: shouldn't we check the max number of rows returned is one?
 	}
 	else
-		n_rows = atoi(PQcmdTuples(res));
+		n_rows_returned = 0;
 
 	/* And clean up */
 	PQclear(res);
 
 	MemoryContextReset(fmstate->temp_cxt);
 
-	*numSlots = n_rows;
+	/*
+	 * UPDATE & DELETE command can only affect one row, make sure this contract
+	 * is respected.
+	 * CMD_INSERT can insert multiple row when called from ForeignBatchInsert.
+	 */
+	if (operation != CMD_INSERT)
+	{
+		/* No rows should be returned if no rows were affected */
+		if (n_rows_affected == 0 && n_rows_returned != 0)
+			elog(ERROR, "foreign server returned %d rows when no row was affected",
+				 n_rows_returned);
+
+		/* ERROR if more than one row was updated on the remote end */
+		if (n_rows_affected > 1)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode (ERRCODE_FDW_ERROR), /* XXX */
+					 errmsg ("foreign server affected %d rows when only one was expected",
+							 n_rows_affected)));
+	}
+
+	*numSlots = n_rows_returned;
 
 	/*
 	 * Return NULL if nothing was inserted/updated/deleted on the remote end
 	 */
-	return (n_rows > 0) ? slots : NULL;
+	return (n_rows_affected > 0) ? slots : NULL;
 }
 
 /*
-- 
2.50.0


--MP_/4ZRYdF7Ah.pt5w65PuZdaPz--





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 324+ messages in thread


end of thread, other threads:[~2025-07-18 14:52 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 324+ messages (download: mbox mbox.gz follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2020-06-20 21:37 [PATCH v1] Language fixen for 15cb2bd27009f73a84a35c2ba60fdd105b4bf263 Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj@telsasoft.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>
2025-07-18 14:52 [PATCH v3 2/2] Error out if one iteration of non-direct DML affects more than one row on the foreign server Jehan-Guillaume de Rorthais <jgdr@dalibo.com>

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