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move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
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* move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-01 03:58  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-01 03:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: pgsql-hackers

Hi,

Currently, the code that creates a PartitionBoundInfo struct from the
PartitionBoundSpec nodes of constituent partitions read from the catalog
is in RelationBuildPartitionDesc that's in partcache.c.  I think that
da6f3e45dd that moved around the partitioning code [1] really missed the
opportunity to move the aforementioned code into partbounds.c.  I think
there is quite a bit of logic contained in that code that can aptly be
said to belong in partbounds.c.  Also, if factored out into a function of
its own with a proper interface, it could be useful to other callers that
may want to build it for, say, fake partitions [2] which are not real
relations.

Attached find a patch that does such refactoring, along with making some
functions in partbounds.c that are not needed outside static.

Thanks,
Amit

[1] https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=da6f3e45ddb

[2]
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/009901d3f34c%2471e1bdc0%2455a53940%24%40lab.ntt.co.jp

From b03a6fee7624058197bdeb67c5da04f8e3492505 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: amit <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2018 11:32:35 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v1] Move PartitionBoundInfo creation code to partbounds.c

This Factors out the code that creates a PartitionBoundInfo struct
from a list of PartitionBoundSpec nodes into a function called
build_partition_boundinfo and moves it into partbounds.c, where it
aptly seems to belong.

Along with that movement, also make some functions in partbounds.c
static that are not used (or no longer used) outside of that file.
---
 src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c | 534 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c   | 526 +--------------------------------
 src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h |  14 +-
 3 files changed, 547 insertions(+), 527 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c b/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
index c94f73aadc..cd30bb2b25 100644
--- a/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
+++ b/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@
 #include "utils/ruleutils.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 
+static PartitionRangeBound *make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index,
+						  List *datums, bool lower);
+static int32 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2,
+					 int remainder2);
+static int32 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
+					 Oid *partcollation, Datum *datums1,
+					 PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1, bool lower1,
+					 PartitionRangeBound *b2);
+static int partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
+						Oid *partcollation,
+						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
+						PartitionRangeBound *probe, bool *is_equal);
+
+static int32 qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
+static int32 qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
+							   void *arg);
+static int32 qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
+						   void *arg);
 static int	get_partition_bound_num_indexes(PartitionBoundInfo b);
 static Expr *make_partition_op_expr(PartitionKey key, int keynum,
 					   uint16 strategy, Expr *arg1, Expr *arg2);
@@ -93,6 +111,469 @@ get_qual_from_partbound(Relation rel, Relation parent,
 }
 
 /*
+ *	build_partition_boundinfo
+ *		Build a PartitionBoundInfo struct from a list of PartitionBoundSpec
+ *		nodes
+ *
+ * partoids is the list of OIDs of partitions, which can be NIL if the
+ * caller doesn't have one.  If non-NIL, oids should also be non-NULL and
+ * *oids should point to an array of OIDs containing space for
+ * list_length(partoids) elements.
+ */
+PartitionBoundInfo
+build_partition_boundinfo(PartitionKey key, List *boundspecs,
+						  List *partoids, Oid **oids)
+{
+	ListCell   *cell;
+	int			i,
+				nparts;
+	int			ndatums = 0;
+	int			default_index = -1;
+
+	/* Hash partitioning specific */
+	PartitionHashBound **hbounds = NULL;
+
+	/* List partitioning specific */
+	PartitionListValue **all_values = NULL;
+	int			null_index = -1;
+
+	/* Range partitioning specific */
+	PartitionRangeBound **rbounds = NULL;
+
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	int		   *mapping;
+	int			next_index = 0;
+
+	nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
+	Assert(nparts > 0);
+
+	/* Convert from node to the internal representation */
+	if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
+	{
+		ndatums = nparts;
+		hbounds = (PartitionHashBound **)
+		palloc(nparts * sizeof(PartitionHashBound *));
+
+		i = 0;
+		foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+		{
+			PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
+												lfirst(cell));
+
+			if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+			hbounds[i] = (PartitionHashBound *)
+				palloc(sizeof(PartitionHashBound));
+
+			hbounds[i]->modulus = spec->modulus;
+			hbounds[i]->remainder = spec->remainder;
+			hbounds[i]->index = i;
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
+		qsort(hbounds, nparts, sizeof(PartitionHashBound *),
+			  qsort_partition_hbound_cmp);
+	}
+	else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
+	{
+		List	   *non_null_values = NIL;
+
+		/*
+		 * Create a unified list of non-null values across all partitions.
+		 */
+		i = 0;
+		null_index = -1;
+		foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+		{
+			PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
+												lfirst(cell));
+			ListCell   *c;
+
+			if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+			/*
+			 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
+			 * partition. There's no datum to add to the list of non-null
+			 * datums for this partition.
+			 */
+			if (spec->is_default)
+			{
+				default_index = i;
+				i++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			foreach(c, spec->listdatums)
+			{
+				Const	   *val = castNode(Const, lfirst(c));
+				PartitionListValue *list_value = NULL;
+
+				if (!val->constisnull)
+				{
+					list_value = (PartitionListValue *)
+						palloc0(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
+					list_value->index = i;
+					list_value->value = val->constvalue;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/*
+					 * Never put a null into the values array, flag
+					 * instead for the code further down below where we
+					 * construct the actual relcache struct.
+					 */
+					if (null_index != -1)
+						elog(ERROR, "found null more than once");
+					null_index = i;
+				}
+
+				if (list_value)
+					non_null_values = lappend(non_null_values, list_value);
+			}
+
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		ndatums = list_length(non_null_values);
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect all list values in one array. Alongside the value, we
+		 * also save the index of partition the value comes from.
+		 */
+		all_values = (PartitionListValue **) palloc(ndatums *
+													sizeof(PartitionListValue *));
+		i = 0;
+		foreach(cell, non_null_values)
+		{
+			PartitionListValue *src = lfirst(cell);
+
+			all_values[i] = (PartitionListValue *)
+			palloc(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
+			all_values[i]->value = src->value;
+			all_values[i]->index = src->index;
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		qsort_arg(all_values, ndatums, sizeof(PartitionListValue *),
+				  qsort_partition_list_value_cmp, (void *) key);
+	}
+	else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
+	{
+		int			k;
+		PartitionRangeBound **all_bounds,
+				   *prev;
+
+		all_bounds = (PartitionRangeBound **) palloc0(2 * nparts *
+													  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
+
+		/* Create a unified list of range bounds across all the partitions. */
+		i = ndatums = 0;
+		foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+		{
+			PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
+												lfirst(cell));
+			PartitionRangeBound *lower,
+					   *upper;
+
+			if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+			/*
+			 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
+			 * partition. There's no datum to add to the allbounds array
+			 * for this partition.
+			 */
+			if (spec->is_default)
+			{
+				default_index = i++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			lower = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->lowerdatums,
+											  true);
+			upper = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->upperdatums,
+											  false);
+			all_bounds[ndatums++] = lower;
+			all_bounds[ndatums++] = upper;
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		Assert(ndatums == nparts * 2 ||
+			   (default_index != -1 && ndatums == (nparts - 1) * 2));
+
+		/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
+		qsort_arg(all_bounds, ndatums,
+				  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *),
+				  qsort_partition_rbound_cmp,
+				  (void *) key);
+
+		/* Save distinct bounds from all_bounds into rbounds. */
+		rbounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
+			palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
+		k = 0;
+		prev = NULL;
+		for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+		{
+			PartitionRangeBound *cur = all_bounds[i];
+			bool		is_distinct = false;
+			int			j;
+
+			/* Is the current bound distinct from the previous one? */
+			for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
+			{
+				Datum		cmpval;
+
+				if (prev == NULL || cur->kind[j] != prev->kind[j])
+				{
+					is_distinct = true;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				/*
+				 * If the bounds are both MINVALUE or MAXVALUE, stop now
+				 * and treat them as equal, since any values after this
+				 * point must be ignored.
+				 */
+				if (cur->kind[j] != PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
+					break;
+
+				cmpval = FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[j],
+										   key->partcollation[j],
+										   cur->datums[j],
+										   prev->datums[j]);
+				if (DatumGetInt32(cmpval) != 0)
+				{
+					is_distinct = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Only if the bound is distinct save it into a temporary
+			 * array i.e. rbounds which is later copied into boundinfo
+			 * datums array.
+			 */
+			if (is_distinct)
+				rbounds[k++] = all_bounds[i];
+
+			prev = cur;
+		}
+
+		/* Update ndatums to hold the count of distinct datums. */
+		ndatums = k;
+	}
+	else
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
+			 (int) key->strategy);
+
+	boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
+		palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
+	boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
+	boundinfo->default_index = -1;
+	boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
+	boundinfo->null_index = -1;
+	boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
+
+	/* Initialize mapping array with invalid values */
+	mapping = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * nparts);
+	for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+		mapping[i] = -1;
+
+	switch (key->strategy)
+	{
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
+			{
+				/* Moduli are stored in ascending order */
+				int			greatest_modulus = hbounds[ndatums - 1]->modulus;
+
+				boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(greatest_modulus *
+													sizeof(int));
+
+				for (i = 0; i < greatest_modulus; i++)
+					boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+
+				for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+				{
+					int			modulus = hbounds[i]->modulus;
+					int			remainder = hbounds[i]->remainder;
+
+					boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(2 *
+															sizeof(Datum));
+					boundinfo->datums[i][0] = Int32GetDatum(modulus);
+					boundinfo->datums[i][1] = Int32GetDatum(remainder);
+
+					while (remainder < greatest_modulus)
+					{
+						/* overlap? */
+						Assert(boundinfo->indexes[remainder] == -1);
+						boundinfo->indexes[remainder] = i;
+						remainder += modulus;
+					}
+
+					mapping[hbounds[i]->index] = i;
+					pfree(hbounds[i]);
+				}
+				pfree(hbounds);
+				break;
+			}
+
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
+			{
+				boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(ndatums * sizeof(int));
+
+				/*
+				 * Copy values.  Indexes of individual values are mapped
+				 * to canonical values so that they match for any two list
+				 * partitioned tables with same number of partitions and
+				 * same lists per partition.  One way to canonicalize is
+				 * to assign the index in all_values[] of the smallest
+				 * value of each partition, as the index of all of the
+				 * partition's values.
+				 */
+				for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+				{
+					boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof(Datum));
+					boundinfo->datums[i][0] = datumCopy(all_values[i]->value,
+														key->parttypbyval[0],
+														key->parttyplen[0]);
+
+					/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
+					if (mapping[all_values[i]->index] == -1)
+						mapping[all_values[i]->index] = next_index++;
+
+					boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[all_values[i]->index];
+				}
+
+				/*
+				 * If null-accepting partition has no mapped index yet,
+				 * assign one.  This could happen if such partition
+				 * accepts only null and hence not covered in the above
+				 * loop which only handled non-null values.
+				 */
+				if (null_index != -1)
+				{
+					Assert(null_index >= 0);
+					if (mapping[null_index] == -1)
+						mapping[null_index] = next_index++;
+					boundinfo->null_index = mapping[null_index];
+				}
+
+				/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
+				if (default_index != -1)
+				{
+					/*
+					 * The default partition accepts any value not
+					 * specified in the lists of other partitions, hence
+					 * it should not get mapped index while assigning
+					 * those for non-null datums.
+					 */
+					Assert(default_index >= 0 &&
+						   mapping[default_index] == -1);
+					mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
+					boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
+				}
+
+				/* All partition must now have a valid mapping */
+				Assert(next_index == nparts);
+				break;
+			}
+
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
+			{
+				boundinfo->kind = (PartitionRangeDatumKind **)
+					palloc(ndatums *
+						   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind *));
+				boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc((ndatums + 1) *
+													sizeof(int));
+
+				for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+				{
+					int			j;
+
+					boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(key->partnatts *
+															sizeof(Datum));
+					boundinfo->kind[i] = (PartitionRangeDatumKind *)
+						palloc(key->partnatts *
+							   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind));
+					for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
+					{
+						if (rbounds[i]->kind[j] == PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
+							boundinfo->datums[i][j] =
+								datumCopy(rbounds[i]->datums[j],
+										  key->parttypbyval[j],
+										  key->parttyplen[j]);
+						boundinfo->kind[i][j] = rbounds[i]->kind[j];
+					}
+
+					/*
+					 * There is no mapping for invalid indexes.
+					 *
+					 * Any lower bounds in the rbounds array have invalid
+					 * indexes assigned, because the values between the
+					 * previous bound (if there is one) and this (lower)
+					 * bound are not part of the range of any existing
+					 * partition.
+					 */
+					if (rbounds[i]->lower)
+						boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+					else
+					{
+						int			orig_index = rbounds[i]->index;
+
+						/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
+						if (mapping[orig_index] == -1)
+							mapping[orig_index] = next_index++;
+
+						boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[orig_index];
+					}
+				}
+
+				/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
+				if (default_index != -1)
+				{
+					Assert(default_index >= 0 && mapping[default_index] == -1);
+					mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
+					boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
+				}
+				boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+				break;
+			}
+
+		default:
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
+				 (int) key->strategy);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now assign OIDs from the original array into mapped indexes of the
+	 * result array.  Order of OIDs in the former is defined by the
+	 * catalog scan that retrieved them, whereas that in the latter is
+	 * defined by canonicalized representation of the partition bounds.
+	 */
+	if (partoids != NIL)
+	{
+		Oid   *oids_orig_order = (Oid *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * nparts);
+
+		Assert(oids != NULL);
+
+		i = 0;
+		foreach(cell, partoids)
+			oids_orig_order[i++] = lfirst_oid(cell);
+
+		/* Add the OIDs to result array in the bound order. */
+		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+			(*oids)[mapping[i]] = oids_orig_order[i];
+		pfree(oids_orig_order);
+	}
+	pfree(mapping);
+
+	return boundinfo;
+}
+
+/*
  * Are two partition bound collections logically equal?
  *
  * Used in the keep logic of relcache.c (ie, in RelationClearRelation()).
@@ -763,7 +1244,7 @@ get_hash_partition_greatest_modulus(PartitionBoundInfo bound)
  * and a flag telling whether the bound is lower or not.  Made into a function
  * because there are multiple sites that want to use this facility.
  */
-PartitionRangeBound *
+static PartitionRangeBound *
 make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index, List *datums, bool lower)
 {
 	PartitionRangeBound *bound;
@@ -819,7 +1300,7 @@ make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index, List *datums, bool lower)
  * structure, which only stores the upper bound of a common boundary between
  * two contiguous partitions.
  */
-int32
+static int32
 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 					 Oid *partcollation,
 					 Datum *datums1, PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1,
@@ -914,7 +1395,7 @@ partition_rbound_datum_cmp(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Oid *partcollation,
  *
  * Compares modulus first, then remainder if modulus is equal.
  */
-int32
+static int32
 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2, int remainder2)
 {
 	if (modulus1 < modulus2)
@@ -977,7 +1458,7 @@ partition_list_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Oid *partcollation,
  * *is_equal is set to true if the range bound at the returned index is equal
  * to the input range bound
  */
-int
+static int
 partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 						Oid *partcollation,
 						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
@@ -1102,6 +1583,51 @@ partition_hash_bsearch(PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
 }
 
 /*
+ * qsort_partition_hbound_cmp
+ *
+ * We sort hash bounds by modulus, then by remainder.
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	PartitionHashBound *h1 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) a);
+	PartitionHashBound *h2 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) b);
+
+	return partition_hbound_cmp(h1->modulus, h1->remainder,
+								h2->modulus, h2->remainder);
+}
+
+/*
+ * qsort_partition_list_value_cmp
+ *
+ * Compare two list partition bound datums
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
+{
+	Datum		val1 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) a)->value,
+				val2 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) b)->value;
+	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
+
+	return DatumGetInt32(FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[0],
+										   key->partcollation[0],
+										   val1, val2));
+}
+
+/* Used when sorting range bounds across all range partitions */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
+{
+	PartitionRangeBound *b1 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) a);
+	PartitionRangeBound *b2 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) b);
+	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
+
+	return partition_rbound_cmp(key->partnatts, key->partsupfunc,
+								key->partcollation, b1->datums, b1->kind,
+								b1->lower, b2);
+}
+
+/*
  * get_partition_bound_num_indexes
  *
  * Returns the number of the entries in the partition bound indexes array.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
index 5757301d05..954187dbd7 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
@@ -38,12 +38,6 @@
 
 
 static List *generate_partition_qual(Relation rel);
-static int32 qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
-static int32 qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
-							   void *arg);
-static int32 qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
-						   void *arg);
-
 
 /*
  * RelationBuildPartitionKey
@@ -260,36 +254,17 @@ RelationBuildPartitionKey(Relation relation)
 void
 RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 {
-	List	   *inhoids,
-			   *partoids;
-	Oid		   *oids = NULL;
-	List	   *boundspecs = NIL;
-	ListCell   *cell;
-	int			i,
-				nparts;
-	PartitionKey key = RelationGetPartitionKey(rel);
-	PartitionDesc result;
 	MemoryContext oldcxt;
-
-	int			ndatums = 0;
-	int			default_index = -1;
-
-	/* Hash partitioning specific */
-	PartitionHashBound **hbounds = NULL;
-
-	/* List partitioning specific */
-	PartitionListValue **all_values = NULL;
-	int			null_index = -1;
-
-	/* Range partitioning specific */
-	PartitionRangeBound **rbounds = NULL;
+	PartitionDesc partdesc;
+	List	   *inhoids,
+			   *boundspecs;
+	ListCell   *cell;
 
 	/* Get partition oids from pg_inherits */
 	inhoids = find_inheritance_children(RelationGetRelid(rel), NoLock);
 
 	/* Collect bound spec nodes in a list */
-	i = 0;
-	partoids = NIL;
+	boundspecs = NIL;
 	foreach(cell, inhoids)
 	{
 		Oid			inhrelid = lfirst_oid(cell);
@@ -325,245 +300,10 @@ RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 		}
 
 		boundspecs = lappend(boundspecs, boundspec);
-		partoids = lappend_oid(partoids, inhrelid);
 		ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
 	}
 
-	nparts = list_length(partoids);
-
-	if (nparts > 0)
-	{
-		oids = (Oid *) palloc(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
-		i = 0;
-		foreach(cell, partoids)
-			oids[i++] = lfirst_oid(cell);
-
-		/* Convert from node to the internal representation */
-		if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
-		{
-			ndatums = nparts;
-			hbounds = (PartitionHashBound **)
-				palloc(nparts * sizeof(PartitionHashBound *));
-
-			i = 0;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				hbounds[i] = (PartitionHashBound *)
-					palloc(sizeof(PartitionHashBound));
-
-				hbounds[i]->modulus = spec->modulus;
-				hbounds[i]->remainder = spec->remainder;
-				hbounds[i]->index = i;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
-			qsort(hbounds, nparts, sizeof(PartitionHashBound *),
-				  qsort_partition_hbound_cmp);
-		}
-		else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
-		{
-			List	   *non_null_values = NIL;
-
-			/*
-			 * Create a unified list of non-null values across all partitions.
-			 */
-			i = 0;
-			null_index = -1;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-				ListCell   *c;
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				/*
-				 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
-				 * partition. There's no datum to add to the list of non-null
-				 * datums for this partition.
-				 */
-				if (spec->is_default)
-				{
-					default_index = i;
-					i++;
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				foreach(c, spec->listdatums)
-				{
-					Const	   *val = castNode(Const, lfirst(c));
-					PartitionListValue *list_value = NULL;
-
-					if (!val->constisnull)
-					{
-						list_value = (PartitionListValue *)
-							palloc0(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
-						list_value->index = i;
-						list_value->value = val->constvalue;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						/*
-						 * Never put a null into the values array, flag
-						 * instead for the code further down below where we
-						 * construct the actual relcache struct.
-						 */
-						if (null_index != -1)
-							elog(ERROR, "found null more than once");
-						null_index = i;
-					}
-
-					if (list_value)
-						non_null_values = lappend(non_null_values,
-												  list_value);
-				}
-
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			ndatums = list_length(non_null_values);
-
-			/*
-			 * Collect all list values in one array. Alongside the value, we
-			 * also save the index of partition the value comes from.
-			 */
-			all_values = (PartitionListValue **) palloc(ndatums *
-														sizeof(PartitionListValue *));
-			i = 0;
-			foreach(cell, non_null_values)
-			{
-				PartitionListValue *src = lfirst(cell);
-
-				all_values[i] = (PartitionListValue *)
-					palloc(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
-				all_values[i]->value = src->value;
-				all_values[i]->index = src->index;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			qsort_arg(all_values, ndatums, sizeof(PartitionListValue *),
-					  qsort_partition_list_value_cmp, (void *) key);
-		}
-		else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
-		{
-			int			k;
-			PartitionRangeBound **all_bounds,
-					   *prev;
-
-			all_bounds = (PartitionRangeBound **) palloc0(2 * nparts *
-														  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
-
-			/*
-			 * Create a unified list of range bounds across all the
-			 * partitions.
-			 */
-			i = ndatums = 0;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-				PartitionRangeBound *lower,
-						   *upper;
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				/*
-				 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
-				 * partition. There's no datum to add to the allbounds array
-				 * for this partition.
-				 */
-				if (spec->is_default)
-				{
-					default_index = i++;
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				lower = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->lowerdatums,
-												  true);
-				upper = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->upperdatums,
-												  false);
-				all_bounds[ndatums++] = lower;
-				all_bounds[ndatums++] = upper;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			Assert(ndatums == nparts * 2 ||
-				   (default_index != -1 && ndatums == (nparts - 1) * 2));
-
-			/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
-			qsort_arg(all_bounds, ndatums,
-					  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *),
-					  qsort_partition_rbound_cmp,
-					  (void *) key);
-
-			/* Save distinct bounds from all_bounds into rbounds. */
-			rbounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
-				palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
-			k = 0;
-			prev = NULL;
-			for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-			{
-				PartitionRangeBound *cur = all_bounds[i];
-				bool		is_distinct = false;
-				int			j;
-
-				/* Is the current bound distinct from the previous one? */
-				for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
-				{
-					Datum		cmpval;
-
-					if (prev == NULL || cur->kind[j] != prev->kind[j])
-					{
-						is_distinct = true;
-						break;
-					}
-
-					/*
-					 * If the bounds are both MINVALUE or MAXVALUE, stop now
-					 * and treat them as equal, since any values after this
-					 * point must be ignored.
-					 */
-					if (cur->kind[j] != PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
-						break;
-
-					cmpval = FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[j],
-											   key->partcollation[j],
-											   cur->datums[j],
-											   prev->datums[j]);
-					if (DatumGetInt32(cmpval) != 0)
-					{
-						is_distinct = true;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-
-				/*
-				 * Only if the bound is distinct save it into a temporary
-				 * array i.e. rbounds which is later copied into boundinfo
-				 * datums array.
-				 */
-				if (is_distinct)
-					rbounds[k++] = all_bounds[i];
-
-				prev = cur;
-			}
-
-			/* Update ndatums to hold the count of distinct datums. */
-			ndatums = k;
-		}
-		else
-			elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
-				 (int) key->strategy);
-	}
+	Assert(list_length(inhoids) == list_length(boundspecs));
 
 	/* Now build the actual relcache partition descriptor */
 	rel->rd_pdcxt = AllocSetContextCreate(CacheMemoryContext,
@@ -572,210 +312,19 @@ RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 	MemoryContextCopyAndSetIdentifier(rel->rd_pdcxt, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
 
 	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rel->rd_pdcxt);
-
-	result = (PartitionDescData *) palloc0(sizeof(PartitionDescData));
-	result->nparts = nparts;
-	if (nparts > 0)
+	partdesc = (PartitionDescData *) palloc0(sizeof(PartitionDescData));
+	partdesc->nparts = list_length(inhoids);
+	if (partdesc->nparts > 0)
 	{
-		PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
-		int		   *mapping;
-		int			next_index = 0;
-
-		result->oids = (Oid *) palloc0(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
-
-		boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
-			palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
-		boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
-		boundinfo->default_index = -1;
-		boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
-		boundinfo->null_index = -1;
-		boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
-
-		/* Initialize mapping array with invalid values */
-		mapping = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * nparts);
-		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-			mapping[i] = -1;
-
-		switch (key->strategy)
-		{
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
-				{
-					/* Moduli are stored in ascending order */
-					int			greatest_modulus = hbounds[ndatums - 1]->modulus;
-
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(greatest_modulus *
-														sizeof(int));
-
-					for (i = 0; i < greatest_modulus; i++)
-						boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-
-					for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-					{
-						int			modulus = hbounds[i]->modulus;
-						int			remainder = hbounds[i]->remainder;
-
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(2 *
-																sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->datums[i][0] = Int32GetDatum(modulus);
-						boundinfo->datums[i][1] = Int32GetDatum(remainder);
-
-						while (remainder < greatest_modulus)
-						{
-							/* overlap? */
-							Assert(boundinfo->indexes[remainder] == -1);
-							boundinfo->indexes[remainder] = i;
-							remainder += modulus;
-						}
-
-						mapping[hbounds[i]->index] = i;
-						pfree(hbounds[i]);
-					}
-					pfree(hbounds);
-					break;
-				}
-
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
-				{
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(ndatums * sizeof(int));
-
-					/*
-					 * Copy values.  Indexes of individual values are mapped
-					 * to canonical values so that they match for any two list
-					 * partitioned tables with same number of partitions and
-					 * same lists per partition.  One way to canonicalize is
-					 * to assign the index in all_values[] of the smallest
-					 * value of each partition, as the index of all of the
-					 * partition's values.
-					 */
-					for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-					{
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->datums[i][0] = datumCopy(all_values[i]->value,
-															key->parttypbyval[0],
-															key->parttyplen[0]);
-
-						/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
-						if (mapping[all_values[i]->index] == -1)
-							mapping[all_values[i]->index] = next_index++;
-
-						boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[all_values[i]->index];
-					}
-
-					/*
-					 * If null-accepting partition has no mapped index yet,
-					 * assign one.  This could happen if such partition
-					 * accepts only null and hence not covered in the above
-					 * loop which only handled non-null values.
-					 */
-					if (null_index != -1)
-					{
-						Assert(null_index >= 0);
-						if (mapping[null_index] == -1)
-							mapping[null_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->null_index = mapping[null_index];
-					}
-
-					/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
-					if (default_index != -1)
-					{
-						/*
-						 * The default partition accepts any value not
-						 * specified in the lists of other partitions, hence
-						 * it should not get mapped index while assigning
-						 * those for non-null datums.
-						 */
-						Assert(default_index >= 0 &&
-							   mapping[default_index] == -1);
-						mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
-					}
-
-					/* All partition must now have a valid mapping */
-					Assert(next_index == nparts);
-					break;
-				}
-
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
-				{
-					boundinfo->kind = (PartitionRangeDatumKind **)
-						palloc(ndatums *
-							   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind *));
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc((ndatums + 1) *
-														sizeof(int));
-
-					for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-					{
-						int			j;
-
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(key->partnatts *
-																sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->kind[i] = (PartitionRangeDatumKind *)
-							palloc(key->partnatts *
-								   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind));
-						for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
-						{
-							if (rbounds[i]->kind[j] == PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
-								boundinfo->datums[i][j] =
-									datumCopy(rbounds[i]->datums[j],
-											  key->parttypbyval[j],
-											  key->parttyplen[j]);
-							boundinfo->kind[i][j] = rbounds[i]->kind[j];
-						}
-
-						/*
-						 * There is no mapping for invalid indexes.
-						 *
-						 * Any lower bounds in the rbounds array have invalid
-						 * indexes assigned, because the values between the
-						 * previous bound (if there is one) and this (lower)
-						 * bound are not part of the range of any existing
-						 * partition.
-						 */
-						if (rbounds[i]->lower)
-							boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-						else
-						{
-							int			orig_index = rbounds[i]->index;
-
-							/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
-							if (mapping[orig_index] == -1)
-								mapping[orig_index] = next_index++;
-
-							boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[orig_index];
-						}
-					}
-
-					/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
-					if (default_index != -1)
-					{
-						Assert(default_index >= 0 && mapping[default_index] == -1);
-						mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
-					}
-					boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-					break;
-				}
-
-			default:
-				elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
-					 (int) key->strategy);
-		}
-
-		result->boundinfo = boundinfo;
-
-		/*
-		 * Now assign OIDs from the original array into mapped indexes of the
-		 * result array.  Order of OIDs in the former is defined by the
-		 * catalog scan that retrieved them, whereas that in the latter is
-		 * defined by canonicalized representation of the partition bounds.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-			result->oids[mapping[i]] = oids[i];
-		pfree(mapping);
+		partdesc->oids = (Oid *) palloc(partdesc->nparts * sizeof(Oid));
+		partdesc->boundinfo =
+					build_partition_boundinfo(RelationGetPartitionKey(rel),
+											  boundspecs,
+											  inhoids, &partdesc->oids);
 	}
 
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
-	rel->rd_partdesc = result;
+	rel->rd_partdesc = partdesc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -917,48 +466,3 @@ generate_partition_qual(Relation rel)
 
 	return result;
 }
-
-/*
- * qsort_partition_hbound_cmp
- *
- * We sort hash bounds by modulus, then by remainder.
- */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	PartitionHashBound *h1 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) a);
-	PartitionHashBound *h2 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) b);
-
-	return partition_hbound_cmp(h1->modulus, h1->remainder,
-								h2->modulus, h2->remainder);
-}
-
-/*
- * qsort_partition_list_value_cmp
- *
- * Compare two list partition bound datums
- */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
-{
-	Datum		val1 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) a)->value,
-				val2 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) b)->value;
-	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
-
-	return DatumGetInt32(FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[0],
-										   key->partcollation[0],
-										   val1, val2));
-}
-
-/* Used when sorting range bounds across all range partitions */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
-{
-	PartitionRangeBound *b1 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) a);
-	PartitionRangeBound *b2 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) b);
-	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
-
-	return partition_rbound_cmp(key->partnatts, key->partsupfunc,
-								key->partcollation, b1->datums, b1->kind,
-								b1->lower, b2);
-}
diff --git a/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h b/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
index c7535e32fc..aebd222ccd 100644
--- a/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
+++ b/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
@@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ extern uint64 compute_partition_hash_value(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 							 Datum *values, bool *isnull);
 extern List *get_qual_from_partbound(Relation rel, Relation parent,
 						PartitionBoundSpec *spec);
+extern PartitionBoundInfo build_partition_boundinfo(PartitionKey key,
+						  List *boundspecs, List *partoids, Oid **oids);
 extern bool partition_bounds_equal(int partnatts, int16 *parttyplen,
 					   bool *parttypbyval, PartitionBoundInfo b1,
 					   PartitionBoundInfo b2);
@@ -120,14 +122,6 @@ extern void check_default_partition_contents(Relation parent,
 								 Relation defaultRel,
 								 PartitionBoundSpec *new_spec);
 
-extern PartitionRangeBound *make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index,
-						  List *datums, bool lower);
-extern int32 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2,
-					 int remainder2);
-extern int32 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
-					 Oid *partcollation, Datum *datums1,
-					 PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1, bool lower1,
-					 PartitionRangeBound *b2);
 extern int32 partition_rbound_datum_cmp(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 						   Oid *partcollation,
 						   Datum *rb_datums, PartitionRangeDatumKind *rb_kind,
@@ -136,10 +130,6 @@ extern int partition_list_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 					   Oid *partcollation,
 					   PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
 					   Datum value, bool *is_equal);
-extern int partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
-						Oid *partcollation,
-						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
-						PartitionRangeBound *probe, bool *is_equal);
 extern int partition_range_datum_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 							  Oid *partcollation,
 							  PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
-- 
2.11.0



Attachments:

  [text/plain] v1-0001-Move-PartitionBoundInfo-creation-code-to-partboun.patch (36.1K, ../../[email protected]/2-v1-0001-Move-PartitionBoundInfo-creation-code-to-partboun.patch)
  download | inline diff:
From b03a6fee7624058197bdeb67c5da04f8e3492505 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: amit <[email protected]>
Date: Thu, 1 Nov 2018 11:32:35 +0900
Subject: [PATCH v1] Move PartitionBoundInfo creation code to partbounds.c

This Factors out the code that creates a PartitionBoundInfo struct
from a list of PartitionBoundSpec nodes into a function called
build_partition_boundinfo and moves it into partbounds.c, where it
aptly seems to belong.

Along with that movement, also make some functions in partbounds.c
static that are not used (or no longer used) outside of that file.
---
 src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c | 534 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c   | 526 +--------------------------------
 src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h |  14 +-
 3 files changed, 547 insertions(+), 527 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c b/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
index c94f73aadc..cd30bb2b25 100644
--- a/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
+++ b/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
@@ -36,6 +36,24 @@
 #include "utils/ruleutils.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 
+static PartitionRangeBound *make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index,
+						  List *datums, bool lower);
+static int32 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2,
+					 int remainder2);
+static int32 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
+					 Oid *partcollation, Datum *datums1,
+					 PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1, bool lower1,
+					 PartitionRangeBound *b2);
+static int partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
+						Oid *partcollation,
+						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
+						PartitionRangeBound *probe, bool *is_equal);
+
+static int32 qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
+static int32 qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
+							   void *arg);
+static int32 qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
+						   void *arg);
 static int	get_partition_bound_num_indexes(PartitionBoundInfo b);
 static Expr *make_partition_op_expr(PartitionKey key, int keynum,
 					   uint16 strategy, Expr *arg1, Expr *arg2);
@@ -93,6 +111,469 @@ get_qual_from_partbound(Relation rel, Relation parent,
 }
 
 /*
+ *	build_partition_boundinfo
+ *		Build a PartitionBoundInfo struct from a list of PartitionBoundSpec
+ *		nodes
+ *
+ * partoids is the list of OIDs of partitions, which can be NIL if the
+ * caller doesn't have one.  If non-NIL, oids should also be non-NULL and
+ * *oids should point to an array of OIDs containing space for
+ * list_length(partoids) elements.
+ */
+PartitionBoundInfo
+build_partition_boundinfo(PartitionKey key, List *boundspecs,
+						  List *partoids, Oid **oids)
+{
+	ListCell   *cell;
+	int			i,
+				nparts;
+	int			ndatums = 0;
+	int			default_index = -1;
+
+	/* Hash partitioning specific */
+	PartitionHashBound **hbounds = NULL;
+
+	/* List partitioning specific */
+	PartitionListValue **all_values = NULL;
+	int			null_index = -1;
+
+	/* Range partitioning specific */
+	PartitionRangeBound **rbounds = NULL;
+
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	int		   *mapping;
+	int			next_index = 0;
+
+	nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
+	Assert(nparts > 0);
+
+	/* Convert from node to the internal representation */
+	if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
+	{
+		ndatums = nparts;
+		hbounds = (PartitionHashBound **)
+		palloc(nparts * sizeof(PartitionHashBound *));
+
+		i = 0;
+		foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+		{
+			PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
+												lfirst(cell));
+
+			if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+			hbounds[i] = (PartitionHashBound *)
+				palloc(sizeof(PartitionHashBound));
+
+			hbounds[i]->modulus = spec->modulus;
+			hbounds[i]->remainder = spec->remainder;
+			hbounds[i]->index = i;
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
+		qsort(hbounds, nparts, sizeof(PartitionHashBound *),
+			  qsort_partition_hbound_cmp);
+	}
+	else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
+	{
+		List	   *non_null_values = NIL;
+
+		/*
+		 * Create a unified list of non-null values across all partitions.
+		 */
+		i = 0;
+		null_index = -1;
+		foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+		{
+			PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
+												lfirst(cell));
+			ListCell   *c;
+
+			if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+			/*
+			 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
+			 * partition. There's no datum to add to the list of non-null
+			 * datums for this partition.
+			 */
+			if (spec->is_default)
+			{
+				default_index = i;
+				i++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			foreach(c, spec->listdatums)
+			{
+				Const	   *val = castNode(Const, lfirst(c));
+				PartitionListValue *list_value = NULL;
+
+				if (!val->constisnull)
+				{
+					list_value = (PartitionListValue *)
+						palloc0(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
+					list_value->index = i;
+					list_value->value = val->constvalue;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					/*
+					 * Never put a null into the values array, flag
+					 * instead for the code further down below where we
+					 * construct the actual relcache struct.
+					 */
+					if (null_index != -1)
+						elog(ERROR, "found null more than once");
+					null_index = i;
+				}
+
+				if (list_value)
+					non_null_values = lappend(non_null_values, list_value);
+			}
+
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		ndatums = list_length(non_null_values);
+
+		/*
+		 * Collect all list values in one array. Alongside the value, we
+		 * also save the index of partition the value comes from.
+		 */
+		all_values = (PartitionListValue **) palloc(ndatums *
+													sizeof(PartitionListValue *));
+		i = 0;
+		foreach(cell, non_null_values)
+		{
+			PartitionListValue *src = lfirst(cell);
+
+			all_values[i] = (PartitionListValue *)
+			palloc(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
+			all_values[i]->value = src->value;
+			all_values[i]->index = src->index;
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		qsort_arg(all_values, ndatums, sizeof(PartitionListValue *),
+				  qsort_partition_list_value_cmp, (void *) key);
+	}
+	else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
+	{
+		int			k;
+		PartitionRangeBound **all_bounds,
+				   *prev;
+
+		all_bounds = (PartitionRangeBound **) palloc0(2 * nparts *
+													  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
+
+		/* Create a unified list of range bounds across all the partitions. */
+		i = ndatums = 0;
+		foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+		{
+			PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
+												lfirst(cell));
+			PartitionRangeBound *lower,
+					   *upper;
+
+			if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
+				elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+			/*
+			 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
+			 * partition. There's no datum to add to the allbounds array
+			 * for this partition.
+			 */
+			if (spec->is_default)
+			{
+				default_index = i++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			lower = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->lowerdatums,
+											  true);
+			upper = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->upperdatums,
+											  false);
+			all_bounds[ndatums++] = lower;
+			all_bounds[ndatums++] = upper;
+			i++;
+		}
+
+		Assert(ndatums == nparts * 2 ||
+			   (default_index != -1 && ndatums == (nparts - 1) * 2));
+
+		/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
+		qsort_arg(all_bounds, ndatums,
+				  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *),
+				  qsort_partition_rbound_cmp,
+				  (void *) key);
+
+		/* Save distinct bounds from all_bounds into rbounds. */
+		rbounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
+			palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
+		k = 0;
+		prev = NULL;
+		for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+		{
+			PartitionRangeBound *cur = all_bounds[i];
+			bool		is_distinct = false;
+			int			j;
+
+			/* Is the current bound distinct from the previous one? */
+			for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
+			{
+				Datum		cmpval;
+
+				if (prev == NULL || cur->kind[j] != prev->kind[j])
+				{
+					is_distinct = true;
+					break;
+				}
+
+				/*
+				 * If the bounds are both MINVALUE or MAXVALUE, stop now
+				 * and treat them as equal, since any values after this
+				 * point must be ignored.
+				 */
+				if (cur->kind[j] != PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
+					break;
+
+				cmpval = FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[j],
+										   key->partcollation[j],
+										   cur->datums[j],
+										   prev->datums[j]);
+				if (DatumGetInt32(cmpval) != 0)
+				{
+					is_distinct = true;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Only if the bound is distinct save it into a temporary
+			 * array i.e. rbounds which is later copied into boundinfo
+			 * datums array.
+			 */
+			if (is_distinct)
+				rbounds[k++] = all_bounds[i];
+
+			prev = cur;
+		}
+
+		/* Update ndatums to hold the count of distinct datums. */
+		ndatums = k;
+	}
+	else
+		elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
+			 (int) key->strategy);
+
+	boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
+		palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
+	boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
+	boundinfo->default_index = -1;
+	boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
+	boundinfo->null_index = -1;
+	boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
+
+	/* Initialize mapping array with invalid values */
+	mapping = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * nparts);
+	for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+		mapping[i] = -1;
+
+	switch (key->strategy)
+	{
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
+			{
+				/* Moduli are stored in ascending order */
+				int			greatest_modulus = hbounds[ndatums - 1]->modulus;
+
+				boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(greatest_modulus *
+													sizeof(int));
+
+				for (i = 0; i < greatest_modulus; i++)
+					boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+
+				for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+				{
+					int			modulus = hbounds[i]->modulus;
+					int			remainder = hbounds[i]->remainder;
+
+					boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(2 *
+															sizeof(Datum));
+					boundinfo->datums[i][0] = Int32GetDatum(modulus);
+					boundinfo->datums[i][1] = Int32GetDatum(remainder);
+
+					while (remainder < greatest_modulus)
+					{
+						/* overlap? */
+						Assert(boundinfo->indexes[remainder] == -1);
+						boundinfo->indexes[remainder] = i;
+						remainder += modulus;
+					}
+
+					mapping[hbounds[i]->index] = i;
+					pfree(hbounds[i]);
+				}
+				pfree(hbounds);
+				break;
+			}
+
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
+			{
+				boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(ndatums * sizeof(int));
+
+				/*
+				 * Copy values.  Indexes of individual values are mapped
+				 * to canonical values so that they match for any two list
+				 * partitioned tables with same number of partitions and
+				 * same lists per partition.  One way to canonicalize is
+				 * to assign the index in all_values[] of the smallest
+				 * value of each partition, as the index of all of the
+				 * partition's values.
+				 */
+				for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+				{
+					boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof(Datum));
+					boundinfo->datums[i][0] = datumCopy(all_values[i]->value,
+														key->parttypbyval[0],
+														key->parttyplen[0]);
+
+					/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
+					if (mapping[all_values[i]->index] == -1)
+						mapping[all_values[i]->index] = next_index++;
+
+					boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[all_values[i]->index];
+				}
+
+				/*
+				 * If null-accepting partition has no mapped index yet,
+				 * assign one.  This could happen if such partition
+				 * accepts only null and hence not covered in the above
+				 * loop which only handled non-null values.
+				 */
+				if (null_index != -1)
+				{
+					Assert(null_index >= 0);
+					if (mapping[null_index] == -1)
+						mapping[null_index] = next_index++;
+					boundinfo->null_index = mapping[null_index];
+				}
+
+				/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
+				if (default_index != -1)
+				{
+					/*
+					 * The default partition accepts any value not
+					 * specified in the lists of other partitions, hence
+					 * it should not get mapped index while assigning
+					 * those for non-null datums.
+					 */
+					Assert(default_index >= 0 &&
+						   mapping[default_index] == -1);
+					mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
+					boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
+				}
+
+				/* All partition must now have a valid mapping */
+				Assert(next_index == nparts);
+				break;
+			}
+
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
+			{
+				boundinfo->kind = (PartitionRangeDatumKind **)
+					palloc(ndatums *
+						   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind *));
+				boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc((ndatums + 1) *
+													sizeof(int));
+
+				for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+				{
+					int			j;
+
+					boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(key->partnatts *
+															sizeof(Datum));
+					boundinfo->kind[i] = (PartitionRangeDatumKind *)
+						palloc(key->partnatts *
+							   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind));
+					for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
+					{
+						if (rbounds[i]->kind[j] == PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
+							boundinfo->datums[i][j] =
+								datumCopy(rbounds[i]->datums[j],
+										  key->parttypbyval[j],
+										  key->parttyplen[j]);
+						boundinfo->kind[i][j] = rbounds[i]->kind[j];
+					}
+
+					/*
+					 * There is no mapping for invalid indexes.
+					 *
+					 * Any lower bounds in the rbounds array have invalid
+					 * indexes assigned, because the values between the
+					 * previous bound (if there is one) and this (lower)
+					 * bound are not part of the range of any existing
+					 * partition.
+					 */
+					if (rbounds[i]->lower)
+						boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+					else
+					{
+						int			orig_index = rbounds[i]->index;
+
+						/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
+						if (mapping[orig_index] == -1)
+							mapping[orig_index] = next_index++;
+
+						boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[orig_index];
+					}
+				}
+
+				/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
+				if (default_index != -1)
+				{
+					Assert(default_index >= 0 && mapping[default_index] == -1);
+					mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
+					boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
+				}
+				boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+				break;
+			}
+
+		default:
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
+				 (int) key->strategy);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now assign OIDs from the original array into mapped indexes of the
+	 * result array.  Order of OIDs in the former is defined by the
+	 * catalog scan that retrieved them, whereas that in the latter is
+	 * defined by canonicalized representation of the partition bounds.
+	 */
+	if (partoids != NIL)
+	{
+		Oid   *oids_orig_order = (Oid *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * nparts);
+
+		Assert(oids != NULL);
+
+		i = 0;
+		foreach(cell, partoids)
+			oids_orig_order[i++] = lfirst_oid(cell);
+
+		/* Add the OIDs to result array in the bound order. */
+		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+			(*oids)[mapping[i]] = oids_orig_order[i];
+		pfree(oids_orig_order);
+	}
+	pfree(mapping);
+
+	return boundinfo;
+}
+
+/*
  * Are two partition bound collections logically equal?
  *
  * Used in the keep logic of relcache.c (ie, in RelationClearRelation()).
@@ -763,7 +1244,7 @@ get_hash_partition_greatest_modulus(PartitionBoundInfo bound)
  * and a flag telling whether the bound is lower or not.  Made into a function
  * because there are multiple sites that want to use this facility.
  */
-PartitionRangeBound *
+static PartitionRangeBound *
 make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index, List *datums, bool lower)
 {
 	PartitionRangeBound *bound;
@@ -819,7 +1300,7 @@ make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index, List *datums, bool lower)
  * structure, which only stores the upper bound of a common boundary between
  * two contiguous partitions.
  */
-int32
+static int32
 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 					 Oid *partcollation,
 					 Datum *datums1, PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1,
@@ -914,7 +1395,7 @@ partition_rbound_datum_cmp(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Oid *partcollation,
  *
  * Compares modulus first, then remainder if modulus is equal.
  */
-int32
+static int32
 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2, int remainder2)
 {
 	if (modulus1 < modulus2)
@@ -977,7 +1458,7 @@ partition_list_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Oid *partcollation,
  * *is_equal is set to true if the range bound at the returned index is equal
  * to the input range bound
  */
-int
+static int
 partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 						Oid *partcollation,
 						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
@@ -1102,6 +1583,51 @@ partition_hash_bsearch(PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
 }
 
 /*
+ * qsort_partition_hbound_cmp
+ *
+ * We sort hash bounds by modulus, then by remainder.
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	PartitionHashBound *h1 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) a);
+	PartitionHashBound *h2 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) b);
+
+	return partition_hbound_cmp(h1->modulus, h1->remainder,
+								h2->modulus, h2->remainder);
+}
+
+/*
+ * qsort_partition_list_value_cmp
+ *
+ * Compare two list partition bound datums
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
+{
+	Datum		val1 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) a)->value,
+				val2 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) b)->value;
+	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
+
+	return DatumGetInt32(FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[0],
+										   key->partcollation[0],
+										   val1, val2));
+}
+
+/* Used when sorting range bounds across all range partitions */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
+{
+	PartitionRangeBound *b1 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) a);
+	PartitionRangeBound *b2 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) b);
+	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
+
+	return partition_rbound_cmp(key->partnatts, key->partsupfunc,
+								key->partcollation, b1->datums, b1->kind,
+								b1->lower, b2);
+}
+
+/*
  * get_partition_bound_num_indexes
  *
  * Returns the number of the entries in the partition bound indexes array.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
index 5757301d05..954187dbd7 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
@@ -38,12 +38,6 @@
 
 
 static List *generate_partition_qual(Relation rel);
-static int32 qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
-static int32 qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
-							   void *arg);
-static int32 qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
-						   void *arg);
-
 
 /*
  * RelationBuildPartitionKey
@@ -260,36 +254,17 @@ RelationBuildPartitionKey(Relation relation)
 void
 RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 {
-	List	   *inhoids,
-			   *partoids;
-	Oid		   *oids = NULL;
-	List	   *boundspecs = NIL;
-	ListCell   *cell;
-	int			i,
-				nparts;
-	PartitionKey key = RelationGetPartitionKey(rel);
-	PartitionDesc result;
 	MemoryContext oldcxt;
-
-	int			ndatums = 0;
-	int			default_index = -1;
-
-	/* Hash partitioning specific */
-	PartitionHashBound **hbounds = NULL;
-
-	/* List partitioning specific */
-	PartitionListValue **all_values = NULL;
-	int			null_index = -1;
-
-	/* Range partitioning specific */
-	PartitionRangeBound **rbounds = NULL;
+	PartitionDesc partdesc;
+	List	   *inhoids,
+			   *boundspecs;
+	ListCell   *cell;
 
 	/* Get partition oids from pg_inherits */
 	inhoids = find_inheritance_children(RelationGetRelid(rel), NoLock);
 
 	/* Collect bound spec nodes in a list */
-	i = 0;
-	partoids = NIL;
+	boundspecs = NIL;
 	foreach(cell, inhoids)
 	{
 		Oid			inhrelid = lfirst_oid(cell);
@@ -325,245 +300,10 @@ RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 		}
 
 		boundspecs = lappend(boundspecs, boundspec);
-		partoids = lappend_oid(partoids, inhrelid);
 		ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
 	}
 
-	nparts = list_length(partoids);
-
-	if (nparts > 0)
-	{
-		oids = (Oid *) palloc(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
-		i = 0;
-		foreach(cell, partoids)
-			oids[i++] = lfirst_oid(cell);
-
-		/* Convert from node to the internal representation */
-		if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
-		{
-			ndatums = nparts;
-			hbounds = (PartitionHashBound **)
-				palloc(nparts * sizeof(PartitionHashBound *));
-
-			i = 0;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				hbounds[i] = (PartitionHashBound *)
-					palloc(sizeof(PartitionHashBound));
-
-				hbounds[i]->modulus = spec->modulus;
-				hbounds[i]->remainder = spec->remainder;
-				hbounds[i]->index = i;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
-			qsort(hbounds, nparts, sizeof(PartitionHashBound *),
-				  qsort_partition_hbound_cmp);
-		}
-		else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
-		{
-			List	   *non_null_values = NIL;
-
-			/*
-			 * Create a unified list of non-null values across all partitions.
-			 */
-			i = 0;
-			null_index = -1;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-				ListCell   *c;
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				/*
-				 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
-				 * partition. There's no datum to add to the list of non-null
-				 * datums for this partition.
-				 */
-				if (spec->is_default)
-				{
-					default_index = i;
-					i++;
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				foreach(c, spec->listdatums)
-				{
-					Const	   *val = castNode(Const, lfirst(c));
-					PartitionListValue *list_value = NULL;
-
-					if (!val->constisnull)
-					{
-						list_value = (PartitionListValue *)
-							palloc0(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
-						list_value->index = i;
-						list_value->value = val->constvalue;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						/*
-						 * Never put a null into the values array, flag
-						 * instead for the code further down below where we
-						 * construct the actual relcache struct.
-						 */
-						if (null_index != -1)
-							elog(ERROR, "found null more than once");
-						null_index = i;
-					}
-
-					if (list_value)
-						non_null_values = lappend(non_null_values,
-												  list_value);
-				}
-
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			ndatums = list_length(non_null_values);
-
-			/*
-			 * Collect all list values in one array. Alongside the value, we
-			 * also save the index of partition the value comes from.
-			 */
-			all_values = (PartitionListValue **) palloc(ndatums *
-														sizeof(PartitionListValue *));
-			i = 0;
-			foreach(cell, non_null_values)
-			{
-				PartitionListValue *src = lfirst(cell);
-
-				all_values[i] = (PartitionListValue *)
-					palloc(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
-				all_values[i]->value = src->value;
-				all_values[i]->index = src->index;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			qsort_arg(all_values, ndatums, sizeof(PartitionListValue *),
-					  qsort_partition_list_value_cmp, (void *) key);
-		}
-		else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
-		{
-			int			k;
-			PartitionRangeBound **all_bounds,
-					   *prev;
-
-			all_bounds = (PartitionRangeBound **) palloc0(2 * nparts *
-														  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
-
-			/*
-			 * Create a unified list of range bounds across all the
-			 * partitions.
-			 */
-			i = ndatums = 0;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-				PartitionRangeBound *lower,
-						   *upper;
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				/*
-				 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
-				 * partition. There's no datum to add to the allbounds array
-				 * for this partition.
-				 */
-				if (spec->is_default)
-				{
-					default_index = i++;
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				lower = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->lowerdatums,
-												  true);
-				upper = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->upperdatums,
-												  false);
-				all_bounds[ndatums++] = lower;
-				all_bounds[ndatums++] = upper;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			Assert(ndatums == nparts * 2 ||
-				   (default_index != -1 && ndatums == (nparts - 1) * 2));
-
-			/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
-			qsort_arg(all_bounds, ndatums,
-					  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *),
-					  qsort_partition_rbound_cmp,
-					  (void *) key);
-
-			/* Save distinct bounds from all_bounds into rbounds. */
-			rbounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
-				palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
-			k = 0;
-			prev = NULL;
-			for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-			{
-				PartitionRangeBound *cur = all_bounds[i];
-				bool		is_distinct = false;
-				int			j;
-
-				/* Is the current bound distinct from the previous one? */
-				for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
-				{
-					Datum		cmpval;
-
-					if (prev == NULL || cur->kind[j] != prev->kind[j])
-					{
-						is_distinct = true;
-						break;
-					}
-
-					/*
-					 * If the bounds are both MINVALUE or MAXVALUE, stop now
-					 * and treat them as equal, since any values after this
-					 * point must be ignored.
-					 */
-					if (cur->kind[j] != PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
-						break;
-
-					cmpval = FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[j],
-											   key->partcollation[j],
-											   cur->datums[j],
-											   prev->datums[j]);
-					if (DatumGetInt32(cmpval) != 0)
-					{
-						is_distinct = true;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-
-				/*
-				 * Only if the bound is distinct save it into a temporary
-				 * array i.e. rbounds which is later copied into boundinfo
-				 * datums array.
-				 */
-				if (is_distinct)
-					rbounds[k++] = all_bounds[i];
-
-				prev = cur;
-			}
-
-			/* Update ndatums to hold the count of distinct datums. */
-			ndatums = k;
-		}
-		else
-			elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
-				 (int) key->strategy);
-	}
+	Assert(list_length(inhoids) == list_length(boundspecs));
 
 	/* Now build the actual relcache partition descriptor */
 	rel->rd_pdcxt = AllocSetContextCreate(CacheMemoryContext,
@@ -572,210 +312,19 @@ RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 	MemoryContextCopyAndSetIdentifier(rel->rd_pdcxt, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
 
 	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rel->rd_pdcxt);
-
-	result = (PartitionDescData *) palloc0(sizeof(PartitionDescData));
-	result->nparts = nparts;
-	if (nparts > 0)
+	partdesc = (PartitionDescData *) palloc0(sizeof(PartitionDescData));
+	partdesc->nparts = list_length(inhoids);
+	if (partdesc->nparts > 0)
 	{
-		PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
-		int		   *mapping;
-		int			next_index = 0;
-
-		result->oids = (Oid *) palloc0(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
-
-		boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
-			palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
-		boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
-		boundinfo->default_index = -1;
-		boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
-		boundinfo->null_index = -1;
-		boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
-
-		/* Initialize mapping array with invalid values */
-		mapping = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * nparts);
-		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-			mapping[i] = -1;
-
-		switch (key->strategy)
-		{
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
-				{
-					/* Moduli are stored in ascending order */
-					int			greatest_modulus = hbounds[ndatums - 1]->modulus;
-
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(greatest_modulus *
-														sizeof(int));
-
-					for (i = 0; i < greatest_modulus; i++)
-						boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-
-					for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-					{
-						int			modulus = hbounds[i]->modulus;
-						int			remainder = hbounds[i]->remainder;
-
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(2 *
-																sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->datums[i][0] = Int32GetDatum(modulus);
-						boundinfo->datums[i][1] = Int32GetDatum(remainder);
-
-						while (remainder < greatest_modulus)
-						{
-							/* overlap? */
-							Assert(boundinfo->indexes[remainder] == -1);
-							boundinfo->indexes[remainder] = i;
-							remainder += modulus;
-						}
-
-						mapping[hbounds[i]->index] = i;
-						pfree(hbounds[i]);
-					}
-					pfree(hbounds);
-					break;
-				}
-
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
-				{
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(ndatums * sizeof(int));
-
-					/*
-					 * Copy values.  Indexes of individual values are mapped
-					 * to canonical values so that they match for any two list
-					 * partitioned tables with same number of partitions and
-					 * same lists per partition.  One way to canonicalize is
-					 * to assign the index in all_values[] of the smallest
-					 * value of each partition, as the index of all of the
-					 * partition's values.
-					 */
-					for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-					{
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->datums[i][0] = datumCopy(all_values[i]->value,
-															key->parttypbyval[0],
-															key->parttyplen[0]);
-
-						/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
-						if (mapping[all_values[i]->index] == -1)
-							mapping[all_values[i]->index] = next_index++;
-
-						boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[all_values[i]->index];
-					}
-
-					/*
-					 * If null-accepting partition has no mapped index yet,
-					 * assign one.  This could happen if such partition
-					 * accepts only null and hence not covered in the above
-					 * loop which only handled non-null values.
-					 */
-					if (null_index != -1)
-					{
-						Assert(null_index >= 0);
-						if (mapping[null_index] == -1)
-							mapping[null_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->null_index = mapping[null_index];
-					}
-
-					/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
-					if (default_index != -1)
-					{
-						/*
-						 * The default partition accepts any value not
-						 * specified in the lists of other partitions, hence
-						 * it should not get mapped index while assigning
-						 * those for non-null datums.
-						 */
-						Assert(default_index >= 0 &&
-							   mapping[default_index] == -1);
-						mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
-					}
-
-					/* All partition must now have a valid mapping */
-					Assert(next_index == nparts);
-					break;
-				}
-
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
-				{
-					boundinfo->kind = (PartitionRangeDatumKind **)
-						palloc(ndatums *
-							   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind *));
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc((ndatums + 1) *
-														sizeof(int));
-
-					for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-					{
-						int			j;
-
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(key->partnatts *
-																sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->kind[i] = (PartitionRangeDatumKind *)
-							palloc(key->partnatts *
-								   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind));
-						for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
-						{
-							if (rbounds[i]->kind[j] == PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
-								boundinfo->datums[i][j] =
-									datumCopy(rbounds[i]->datums[j],
-											  key->parttypbyval[j],
-											  key->parttyplen[j]);
-							boundinfo->kind[i][j] = rbounds[i]->kind[j];
-						}
-
-						/*
-						 * There is no mapping for invalid indexes.
-						 *
-						 * Any lower bounds in the rbounds array have invalid
-						 * indexes assigned, because the values between the
-						 * previous bound (if there is one) and this (lower)
-						 * bound are not part of the range of any existing
-						 * partition.
-						 */
-						if (rbounds[i]->lower)
-							boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-						else
-						{
-							int			orig_index = rbounds[i]->index;
-
-							/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
-							if (mapping[orig_index] == -1)
-								mapping[orig_index] = next_index++;
-
-							boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[orig_index];
-						}
-					}
-
-					/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
-					if (default_index != -1)
-					{
-						Assert(default_index >= 0 && mapping[default_index] == -1);
-						mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
-					}
-					boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-					break;
-				}
-
-			default:
-				elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
-					 (int) key->strategy);
-		}
-
-		result->boundinfo = boundinfo;
-
-		/*
-		 * Now assign OIDs from the original array into mapped indexes of the
-		 * result array.  Order of OIDs in the former is defined by the
-		 * catalog scan that retrieved them, whereas that in the latter is
-		 * defined by canonicalized representation of the partition bounds.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-			result->oids[mapping[i]] = oids[i];
-		pfree(mapping);
+		partdesc->oids = (Oid *) palloc(partdesc->nparts * sizeof(Oid));
+		partdesc->boundinfo =
+					build_partition_boundinfo(RelationGetPartitionKey(rel),
+											  boundspecs,
+											  inhoids, &partdesc->oids);
 	}
 
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
-	rel->rd_partdesc = result;
+	rel->rd_partdesc = partdesc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -917,48 +466,3 @@ generate_partition_qual(Relation rel)
 
 	return result;
 }
-
-/*
- * qsort_partition_hbound_cmp
- *
- * We sort hash bounds by modulus, then by remainder.
- */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	PartitionHashBound *h1 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) a);
-	PartitionHashBound *h2 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) b);
-
-	return partition_hbound_cmp(h1->modulus, h1->remainder,
-								h2->modulus, h2->remainder);
-}
-
-/*
- * qsort_partition_list_value_cmp
- *
- * Compare two list partition bound datums
- */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
-{
-	Datum		val1 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) a)->value,
-				val2 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) b)->value;
-	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
-
-	return DatumGetInt32(FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[0],
-										   key->partcollation[0],
-										   val1, val2));
-}
-
-/* Used when sorting range bounds across all range partitions */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
-{
-	PartitionRangeBound *b1 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) a);
-	PartitionRangeBound *b2 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) b);
-	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
-
-	return partition_rbound_cmp(key->partnatts, key->partsupfunc,
-								key->partcollation, b1->datums, b1->kind,
-								b1->lower, b2);
-}
diff --git a/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h b/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
index c7535e32fc..aebd222ccd 100644
--- a/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
+++ b/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
@@ -109,6 +109,8 @@ extern uint64 compute_partition_hash_value(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 							 Datum *values, bool *isnull);
 extern List *get_qual_from_partbound(Relation rel, Relation parent,
 						PartitionBoundSpec *spec);
+extern PartitionBoundInfo build_partition_boundinfo(PartitionKey key,
+						  List *boundspecs, List *partoids, Oid **oids);
 extern bool partition_bounds_equal(int partnatts, int16 *parttyplen,
 					   bool *parttypbyval, PartitionBoundInfo b1,
 					   PartitionBoundInfo b2);
@@ -120,14 +122,6 @@ extern void check_default_partition_contents(Relation parent,
 								 Relation defaultRel,
 								 PartitionBoundSpec *new_spec);
 
-extern PartitionRangeBound *make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index,
-						  List *datums, bool lower);
-extern int32 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2,
-					 int remainder2);
-extern int32 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
-					 Oid *partcollation, Datum *datums1,
-					 PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1, bool lower1,
-					 PartitionRangeBound *b2);
 extern int32 partition_rbound_datum_cmp(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 						   Oid *partcollation,
 						   Datum *rb_datums, PartitionRangeDatumKind *rb_kind,
@@ -136,10 +130,6 @@ extern int partition_list_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 					   Oid *partcollation,
 					   PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
 					   Datum value, bool *is_equal);
-extern int partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
-						Oid *partcollation,
-						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
-						PartitionRangeBound *probe, bool *is_equal);
 extern int partition_range_datum_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 							  Oid *partcollation,
 							  PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
-- 
2.11.0



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-01 04:02  Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Michael Paquier @ 2018-11-01 04:02 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Thu, Nov 01, 2018 at 12:58:29PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> Attached find a patch that does such refactoring, along with making some
> functions in partbounds.c that are not needed outside static.

This looks like a very good idea to me.  Thanks for digging into that.
Please just make sure to register it to the next CF if not already
done.
--
Michael


Attachments:

  [application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
  download

^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-01 04:03  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-01 04:03 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On 2018/11/01 13:02, Michael Paquier wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 01, 2018 at 12:58:29PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
>> Attached find a patch that does such refactoring, along with making some
>> functions in partbounds.c that are not needed outside static.
> 
> This looks like a very good idea to me.  Thanks for digging into that.
> Please just make sure to register it to the next CF if not already
> done.

Done a few moments ago. :)

Thanks,
Amit






^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-05 07:21  Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Michael Paquier @ 2018-11-05 07:21 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Thu, Nov 01, 2018 at 01:03:00PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> Done a few moments ago. :)

From the file size this move is actually negative.  From what I can see
partcache decreases to 400 lines, while partbounds increases to 3k
lines.

There are a couple of things that this patch is doing:
1) Move the functions comparing two bounds into partbounds.c.
2) Remove the chunk in charge of building PartitionBoundData into
partbounds.c for each method: list, hash and values.

From what I can see, this patch brings actually more confusion by doing
more things than just building all the PartitionBound structures as it
fills in each structure and then builds a mapping which is used to save
each partition OID into the correct mapping position.  Wouldn't it move
on with a logic without this mapping so as the partition OIDs are
directly part of PartitionBound?  It looks wrong to me to have
build_partition_boundinfo create not only partdesc->boundinfo but also
partdesc->oids, and the new routine is here to fill in data for the
former, not the latter.

The first phase building the bounds should switch to a switch/case like
the second phase.

PartitionHashBound & friends can become structures local to
partbounds.c as they are used only there.

To be more consistent with all the other routines, like
partition_bounds_equal/copy, wouldn't it be better to call the new
routine partition_bounds_build or partition_bounds_create?
--
Michael


Attachments:

  [application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-07 06:34  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-07 06:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

Hi,

Thank your for taking a look.

On 2018/11/05 16:21, Michael Paquier wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 01, 2018 at 01:03:00PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
>> Done a few moments ago. :)
> 
> From the file size this move is actually negative.  From what I can see
> partcache decreases to 400 lines, while partbounds increases to 3k
> lines.

Hmm, is that because partbounds.c contains more functionality?

> There are a couple of things that this patch is doing:
> 1) Move the functions comparing two bounds into partbounds.c.
> 2) Remove the chunk in charge of building PartitionBoundData into
> partbounds.c for each method: list, hash and values.
> 
> From what I can see, this patch brings actually more confusion by doing
> more things than just building all the PartitionBound structures as it
> fills in each structure and then builds a mapping which is used to save
> each partition OID into the correct mapping position.  Wouldn't it move
> on with a logic without this mapping so as the partition OIDs are
> directly part of PartitionBound?  It looks wrong to me to have
> build_partition_boundinfo create not only partdesc->boundinfo but also
> partdesc->oids, and the new routine is here to fill in data for the
> former, not the latter.

I think we can design the interface of partition_bounds_create such that
it returns information needed to re-arrange OIDs to be in the canonical
partition bound order, so the actual re-ordering of OIDs can be done by
the caller itself.  (It may not always be OIDs, could be something else
like a struct to represent fake partitions.)

The canonical partition bound order is basically partition bounds sorted
in ascending order, or in some manner as defined by the qsort_partition_*
functions of individual partitioning methods.  We need to map the new
canonical positions to the older ones by generating a map, which it only
makes sense to do in partition_bounds_create.

> The first phase building the bounds should switch to a switch/case like
> the second phase.

That bothered me too, so I looked at whether it'd be a good idea to have
just one switch () block and put all the code for different partitioning
methods into it.  The resulting code seems more readable to me as one
doesn't have to shuffle between looking at the first block that generates
Datums from PartitionBoundSpecs and the second block that assigns them to
the Datum array in PartitionBoundInfo, for each partitioning method
respectively.

> PartitionHashBound & friends can become structures local to
> partbounds.c as they are used only there.

Ah, I missed that; moved in.

> To be more consistent with all the other routines, like
> partition_bounds_equal/copy, wouldn't it be better to call the new
> routine partition_bounds_build or partition_bounds_create?

Agree about naming consistency; I went with partition_bounds_create.

I've broken this down this into 3 patches for ease of review:

1. Local re-arrangement of the code in RelationBuildPartitionDesc such
that the code that creates PartitionBoundInfo is clearly separated.  I've
also applied some of the comments above to that piece of code such as
unifying all of that code in one switch() block.  I also found an
opportunity to simplify the code that maps canonical partition indexes to
original partition indexes.

2. Re-arrangement local to partcache.c that moves out the separated code
into partition_bounds_create() with the interface mentioned above.

3. Move partition_bounds_create to partbounds.c and make some functions
that are not needed outside partbounds.c static to that file.

Thanks,
Amit


^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-07 07:37  Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Michael Paquier @ 2018-11-07 07:37 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On Wed, Nov 07, 2018 at 03:34:38PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> On 2018/11/05 16:21, Michael Paquier wrote:
>> On Thu, Nov 01, 2018 at 01:03:00PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
>>> Done a few moments ago. :)
>> 
>> From the file size this move is actually negative.  From what I can see
>> partcache decreases to 400 lines, while partbounds increases to 3k
>> lines.
> 
> Hmm, is that because partbounds.c contains more functionality?

The move you are doing here makes sense, now refactoring is better if we
could avoid transforming a large file into a larger one and preserve
some more balance in the force.

> I think we can design the interface of partition_bounds_create such that
> it returns information needed to re-arrange OIDs to be in the canonical
> partition bound order, so the actual re-ordering of OIDs can be done by
> the caller itself.  (It may not always be OIDs, could be something else
> like a struct to represent fake partitions.)

Interesting point.  Do we have already in the code a new case for fake
partitions or a case where the partition OIDs are not used?  I was
thinking why the partitions OIDs are not actually directly embedded in
each PartitionBoundInfo, removing at the same time the index numbers
used for the mapping.  It looks sensible to return the mapping based
on your argument.

>> The first phase building the bounds should switch to a switch/case like
>> the second phase.
> 
> That bothered me too, so I looked at whether it'd be a good idea to have
> just one switch () block and put all the code for different partitioning
> methods into it.  The resulting code seems more readable to me as one
> doesn't have to shuffle between looking at the first block that generates
> Datums from PartitionBoundSpecs and the second block that assigns them to
> the Datum array in PartitionBoundInfo, for each partitioning method
> respectively.

Yeah, merging the first and second parts makes the most sense.

> I've broken this down this into 3 patches for ease of review:
> 
> 1. Local re-arrangement of the code in RelationBuildPartitionDesc such
> that the code that creates PartitionBoundInfo is clearly separated.  I've
> also applied some of the comments above to that piece of code such as
> unifying all of that code in one switch() block.  I also found an
> opportunity to simplify the code that maps canonical partition indexes to
> original partition indexes.
> 
> 2. Re-arrangement local to partcache.c that moves out the separated code
> into partition_bounds_create() with the interface mentioned above.
> 
> 3. Move partition_bounds_create to partbounds.c and make some functions
> that are not needed outside partbounds.c static to that file.

That actually helps a lot in seeing how you handle the move, thanks.
What do you think about splitting the code in partition_bounds_create
even a bit more by having one routine per strategy?

Thinking crazy, we could also create a subfolder partitioning/bounds/
which includes three files with this refactoring:x
- range.c
- values.c
- hash.c
Then we keep partbounds.c which is the entry point used by partcache.c,
and partbounds.c relies on the stuff in each other sub-file when
building a strategy.  This move could be interesting in the long term as
there are comparison routines and structures for each strategy if more
strategies are added.
--
Michael


Attachments:

  [application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
  download

^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-07 15:04  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2018-11-07 15:04 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2018-Nov-07, Michael Paquier wrote:

> On Wed, Nov 07, 2018 at 03:34:38PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> > On 2018/11/05 16:21, Michael Paquier wrote:
> >> On Thu, Nov 01, 2018 at 01:03:00PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> >>> Done a few moments ago. :)
> >> 
> >> From the file size this move is actually negative.  From what I can see
> >> partcache decreases to 400 lines, while partbounds increases to 3k
> >> lines.
> > 
> > Hmm, is that because partbounds.c contains more functionality?
> 
> The move you are doing here makes sense, now refactoring is better if we
> could avoid transforming a large file into a larger one and preserve
> some more balance in the force.

I think the code as it's structured in Amit's patch as a whole makes
sense -- partcache is smaller than partbounds, but why do we care?  As
long as each is a reasonably well defined module, it seems better.  In
the current situation we have a bit of a mess there.  A 3k file is okay.
We're not talking about bloating, say, xlog.c which is almost 400kb now.

$ ls -lh src/backend/access/transam/xlog*
-rw-r--r-- 1 alvherre alvherre  23K oct  4 11:40 src/backend/access/transam/xlogarchive.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 alvherre alvherre 389K nov  7 11:49 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 alvherre alvherre  21K nov  3 12:15 src/backend/access/transam/xlogfuncs.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 alvherre alvherre  30K sep  3 12:58 src/backend/access/transam/xloginsert.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 alvherre alvherre  40K sep  3 12:58 src/backend/access/transam/xlogreader.c
-rw-r--r-- 1 alvherre alvherre  32K ago  5 21:34 src/backend/access/transam/xlogutils.c

> > I think we can design the interface of partition_bounds_create such that
> > it returns information needed to re-arrange OIDs to be in the canonical
> > partition bound order, so the actual re-ordering of OIDs can be done by
> > the caller itself.  (It may not always be OIDs, could be something else
> > like a struct to represent fake partitions.)

This is interesting.  I don't think the current interface is so bad that
we can't make a few tweaks later; IOW let's focus on the current patch
for now, and we can improve later.  You (and David, and maybe someone
else) already have half a dozen patches touching this code, and I bet
some of these will have to be rebased over this one.


> Thinking crazy, we could also create a subfolder partitioning/bounds/
> which includes three files with this refactoring:x
> - range.c
> - values.c
> - hash.c
> Then we keep partbounds.c which is the entry point used by partcache.c,
> and partbounds.c relies on the stuff in each other sub-file when
> building a strategy.  This move could be interesting in the long term as
> there are comparison routines and structures for each strategy if more
> strategies are added.

I'm not sure this is worthwhile.  You'll create a bunch of independent
translation units in exchange for ...?

-- 
Álvaro Herrera                https://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services




^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-08 02:48  Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Michael Paquier @ 2018-11-08 02:48 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Wed, Nov 07, 2018 at 12:04:27PM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> On 2018-Nov-07, Michael Paquier wrote:
> This is interesting.  I don't think the current interface is so bad that
> we can't make a few tweaks later; IOW let's focus on the current patch
> for now, and we can improve later.  You (and David, and maybe someone
> else) already have half a dozen patches touching this code, and I bet
> some of these will have to be rebased over this one.

Yeah, I am actually quite a fan of having the mapping being returned by
partition_bound_create and just let the caller handle the OID
assignment.  That's neater.  I think that the patch could gain a tad
more in clarity by splitting all sub-processing for each strategy into a
single routine though.  The presented switch/case is a bit hard to
follow in the last patch set, and harder to review in details.

>> Thinking crazy, we could also create a subfolder partitioning/bounds/
>> which includes three files with this refactoring:x
>> - range.c
>> - values.c
>> - hash.c
>> Then we keep partbounds.c which is the entry point used by partcache.c,
>> and partbounds.c relies on the stuff in each other sub-file when
>> building a strategy.  This move could be interesting in the long term as
>> there are comparison routines and structures for each strategy if more
>> strategies are added.
> 
> I'm not sure this is worthwhile.  You'll create a bunch of independent
> translation units in exchange for ...?

That's the part about going crazy and wild on this refactoring.  Not all
crazy ideas are worth doing, still I like mentioning all possibilities
so as we miss nothing in the review process.
--
Michael


Attachments:

  [application/pgp-signature] signature.asc (833B, ../../[email protected]/2-signature.asc)
  download

^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-08 03:59  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-08 03:59 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On 2018/11/08 11:48, Michael Paquier wrote:
>>> Thinking crazy, we could also create a subfolder partitioning/bounds/
>>> which includes three files with this refactoring:x
>>> - range.c
>>> - values.c
>>> - hash.c
>>> Then we keep partbounds.c which is the entry point used by partcache.c,
>>> and partbounds.c relies on the stuff in each other sub-file when
>>> building a strategy.  This move could be interesting in the long term as
>>> there are comparison routines and structures for each strategy if more
>>> strategies are added.
>>
>> I'm not sure this is worthwhile.  You'll create a bunch of independent
>> translation units in exchange for ...?
> 
> That's the part about going crazy and wild on this refactoring.  Not all
> crazy ideas are worth doing, still I like mentioning all possibilities
> so as we miss nothing in the review process.

It might be okay to split the big switch in partition_bounds_create() into
different functions for different partitioning methods for clarity as you
say, but let's avoid creating new files for range, list, and hash.

I will post an updated patch with that break down.

Thanks,
Amit





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-08 04:31  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-08 04:31 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On 2018/11/08 0:04, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
>> On Wed, Nov 07, 2018 at 03:34:38PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
>>> I think we can design the interface of partition_bounds_create such that
>>> it returns information needed to re-arrange OIDs to be in the canonical
>>> partition bound order, so the actual re-ordering of OIDs can be done by
>>> the caller itself.  (It may not always be OIDs, could be something else
>>> like a struct to represent fake partitions.)
> 
> This is interesting.  I don't think the current interface is so bad that
> we can't make a few tweaks later; IOW let's focus on the current patch
> for now, and we can improve later.  You (and David, and maybe someone
> else) already have half a dozen patches touching this code, and I bet
> some of these will have to be rebased over this one.

The patch on ATTACH/DETACH concurrently thread is perhaps touching close
to here, but I'm not sure if any of it should be concerned about how we
generate the PartitionBoundInfo which the patch here trying to make into
its own function?

Thanks,
Amit





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-08 06:11  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-08 06:11 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

On 2018/11/08 12:59, Amit Langote wrote:
> It might be okay to split the big switch in partition_bounds_create() into
> different functions for different partitioning methods for clarity as you
> say, but let's avoid creating new files for range, list, and hash.
> 
> I will post an updated patch with that break down.

And here is the new version.  The break down into smaller local functions
for different partitioning methods is in patch 0002.

Thanks,
Amit


^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-08 13:30  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2018-11-08 13:30 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; +Cc: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2018-Nov-08, Amit Langote wrote:

> On 2018/11/08 0:04, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> >> On Wed, Nov 07, 2018 at 03:34:38PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> >>> I think we can design the interface of partition_bounds_create such that
> >>> it returns information needed to re-arrange OIDs to be in the canonical
> >>> partition bound order, so the actual re-ordering of OIDs can be done by
> >>> the caller itself.  (It may not always be OIDs, could be something else
> >>> like a struct to represent fake partitions.)
> > 
> > This is interesting.  I don't think the current interface is so bad that
> > we can't make a few tweaks later; IOW let's focus on the current patch
> > for now, and we can improve later.  You (and David, and maybe someone
> > else) already have half a dozen patches touching this code, and I bet
> > some of these will have to be rebased over this one.
> 
> The patch on ATTACH/DETACH concurrently thread is perhaps touching close
> to here, but I'm not sure if any of it should be concerned about how we
> generate the PartitionBoundInfo which the patch here trying to make into
> its own function?

Yeah, definitely not.

-- 
Álvaro Herrera                https://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services




^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-12 13:55  Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Michael Paquier @ 2018-11-12 13:55 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Thu, Nov 08, 2018 at 03:11:35PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> And here is the new version.  The break down into smaller local
> functions for different partitioning methods is in patch 0002.

Okay, here we go.  I have spent a couple of hours on this patch,
checking the consistency of the new code and the new code, and the main
complain I have about the last version is that the code in charge of
building the mapping was made less robust.  So my notes are:
- The initialization of the mapping should happen in
partition_bounds_create() before going through each routine.  The
proposed patch was only doing the initialization for list bounds, using
an extra layer to track the canonical ordering of indexes associated
with a partition (listpart_canon_idx), and that's something that the
mapping can perfectly do, keeping the code more straight-forward (at
least it seems so to me) with the way null_index and default_index are
assigned.
- Some noise diffs were present, sometimes the indentation being wrong.
- Asserts could be used instead of elog(ERROR) if the strategy is not
the expected one.  That looks cleaner to me.

The result is perhaps less smart than what you did, but that's more
robust.  It may make sense to change the way the mapping is built but
I would suggest to do so after the actual refactoring.  Attached is what
I finish with, and I have spent quite some time making sure that
all the new logic remains consistent with the previous one.
--
Michael


Attachments:

  [text/x-diff] partition-bound-refactor.patch (40.2K, ../../[email protected]/2-partition-bound-refactor.patch)
  download | inline diff:
diff --git a/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c b/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
index c94f73aadc..0088e75000 100644
--- a/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
+++ b/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
@@ -36,6 +36,61 @@
 #include "utils/ruleutils.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 
+/*
+ * When qsort'ing partition bounds after reading from the catalog, each bound
+ * is represented with one of the following structs.
+ */
+
+/* One bound of a hash partition */
+typedef struct PartitionHashBound
+{
+	int			modulus;
+	int			remainder;
+	int			index;
+} PartitionHashBound;
+
+/* One value coming from some (index'th) list partition */
+typedef struct PartitionListValue
+{
+	int			index;
+	Datum		value;
+} PartitionListValue;
+
+/* One bound of a range partition */
+typedef struct PartitionRangeBound
+{
+	int			index;
+	Datum	   *datums;			/* range bound datums */
+	PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind;	/* the kind of each datum */
+	bool		lower;			/* this is the lower (vs upper) bound */
+} PartitionRangeBound;
+
+static int32 qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
+static int32 qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
+							   void *arg);
+static int32 qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
+						   void *arg);
+static PartitionBoundInfo create_hash_bounds(List *boundspecs,
+				   PartitionKey key,
+				   int **mapping);
+static PartitionBoundInfo create_list_bounds(List *boundspecs,
+				   PartitionKey key,
+				   int **mapping);
+static PartitionBoundInfo create_range_bounds(List *boundspecs,
+					PartitionKey key,
+					int **mapping);
+static PartitionRangeBound *make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index,
+						  List *datums, bool lower);
+static int32 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2,
+					 int remainder2);
+static int32 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
+					 Oid *partcollation, Datum *datums1,
+					 PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1, bool lower1,
+					 PartitionRangeBound *b2);
+static int partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
+						Oid *partcollation,
+						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
+						PartitionRangeBound *probe, bool *is_equal);
 static int	get_partition_bound_num_indexes(PartitionBoundInfo b);
 static Expr *make_partition_op_expr(PartitionKey key, int keynum,
 					   uint16 strategy, Expr *arg1, Expr *arg2);
@@ -92,6 +147,518 @@ get_qual_from_partbound(Relation rel, Relation parent,
 	return my_qual;
 }
 
+/*
+ *	partition_bounds_create
+ *		Build a PartitionBoundInfo struct from a list of PartitionBoundSpec
+ *		nodes
+ *
+ * This function creates a PartitionBoundInfo and fills the values of its
+ * various members based on the input list.  Importantly, 'datums' array will
+ * contain Datum representation of individual bounds (possibly after
+ * de-duplication as in case of range bounds), sorted in a canonical order
+ * defined by qsort_partition_* functions of respective partitioning methods.
+ * 'indexes' array will contain as many elements as there are bounds (specific
+ * exceptions to this rule are listed in the function body), which represent
+ * the 0-based canonical positions of partitions.
+ *
+ * Upon return from this function, *mapping is set to an array of
+ * list_length(boundspecs) elements, each of which maps the canonical
+ * index of a given partition to its 0-based position in the original list.
+ *
+ * Note: All the memory allocated by this function, including that of the
+ * the returned PartitionBoundInfo and its members is allocated in the context
+ * that was active when the function was called.
+ */
+PartitionBoundInfo
+partition_bounds_create(List *boundspecs, PartitionKey key, int **mapping)
+{
+	int			nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
+	int			i;
+
+	Assert(nparts > 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * For each partitioning method, we first convert the partition bounds
+	 * from their parser node representation to the internal representation,
+	 * along with any additional preprocessing (such performing de-duplication
+	 * on range bounds).  For each bound, we remember its partition's position
+	 * (0-based) in the original list, so that we can add it to the *mapping
+	 * array.
+	 *
+	 * Resulting bound datums are then added to the 'datums' array in
+	 * PartitionBoundInfo.  For each datum added, an integer indicating the
+	 * canonical partition index is added to the 'indexes' array.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Initialize mapping array with invalid values, this is filled within
+	 * each sub-routine below depending on the bound type.
+	 */
+	*mapping = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * nparts);
+	for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+		(*mapping)[i] = -1;
+
+	switch (key->strategy)
+	{
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
+			return create_hash_bounds(boundspecs, key, mapping);
+
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
+			return create_list_bounds(boundspecs, key, mapping);
+
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
+			return create_range_bounds(boundspecs, key, mapping);
+
+		default:
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
+				 (int) key->strategy);
+			break;
+	}
+
+	Assert(false);
+	return NULL;				/* keep compiler quiet */
+}
+
+/*
+ * create_hash_bounds
+ *		Create a PartitionBoundInfo for a hash partitioned table
+ */
+static PartitionBoundInfo
+create_hash_bounds(List *boundspecs, PartitionKey key, int **mapping)
+{
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	PartitionHashBound **hbounds = NULL;
+	ListCell   *cell;
+	int			i,
+				nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
+	int			ndatums = 0;
+	int			greatest_modulus;
+
+	boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
+		palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
+	boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
+	/* No special hash partitions. */
+	boundinfo->null_index = -1;
+	boundinfo->default_index = -1;
+
+	ndatums = nparts;
+	hbounds = (PartitionHashBound **)
+		palloc(nparts * sizeof(PartitionHashBound *));
+
+	/* Convert from node to the internal representation */
+	i = 0;
+	foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+	{
+		PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec, lfirst(cell));
+
+		Assert(spec->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH);
+
+		hbounds[i] = (PartitionHashBound *) palloc(sizeof(PartitionHashBound));
+		hbounds[i]->modulus = spec->modulus;
+		hbounds[i]->remainder = spec->remainder;
+		hbounds[i]->index = i;
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
+	qsort(hbounds, nparts, sizeof(PartitionHashBound *),
+		  qsort_partition_hbound_cmp);
+
+	/* After sorting, moduli are now stored in ascending order. */
+	greatest_modulus = hbounds[ndatums - 1]->modulus;
+
+	boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
+	boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
+	boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(greatest_modulus * sizeof(int));
+	for (i = 0; i < greatest_modulus; i++)
+		boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * For hash partitioning, there are as many datums (modulus and remainder
+	 * pairs) as there are partitions.  Indexes are simply values ranging from
+	 * 0 to (nparts - 1).
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+	{
+		int			modulus = hbounds[i]->modulus;
+		int			remainder = hbounds[i]->remainder;
+
+		boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(2 * sizeof(Datum));
+		boundinfo->datums[i][0] = Int32GetDatum(modulus);
+		boundinfo->datums[i][1] = Int32GetDatum(remainder);
+
+		while (remainder < greatest_modulus)
+		{
+			/* overlap? */
+			Assert(boundinfo->indexes[remainder] == -1);
+			boundinfo->indexes[remainder] = i;
+			remainder += modulus;
+		}
+
+		(*mapping)[hbounds[i]->index] = i;
+		pfree(hbounds[i]);
+	}
+	pfree(hbounds);
+
+	return boundinfo;
+}
+
+/*
+ * create_list_bounds
+ *		Create a PartitionBoundInfo for a list partitioned table
+ */
+static PartitionBoundInfo
+create_list_bounds(List *boundspecs, PartitionKey key, int **mapping)
+{
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	PartitionListValue **all_values = NULL;
+	ListCell   *cell;
+	int			i = 0;
+	int			ndatums = 0;
+	int			next_index = 0;
+	int			default_index = -1;
+	int			null_index = -1;
+	List	   *non_null_values = NIL;
+
+	boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
+		palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
+	boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
+	/* Will be set correctly below. */
+	boundinfo->null_index = -1;
+	boundinfo->default_index = -1;
+
+	/* Create a unified list of non-null values across all partitions. */
+	foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+	{
+		PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec, lfirst(cell));
+		ListCell   *c;
+
+		Assert(spec->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST);
+
+		/*
+		 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
+		 * partition.  There's no datum to add to the list on non-null datums
+		 * for this partition.
+		 */
+		if (spec->is_default)
+		{
+			default_index = i;
+			i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		foreach(c, spec->listdatums)
+		{
+			Const	   *val = castNode(Const, lfirst(c));
+			PartitionListValue *list_value = NULL;
+
+			if (!val->constisnull)
+			{
+				list_value = (PartitionListValue *)
+					palloc0(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
+				list_value->index = i;
+				list_value->value = val->constvalue;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				/*
+				 * Never put a null into the values array, flag instead for
+				 * the code further down below where we construct the actual
+				 * relcache struct.
+				 */
+				if (null_index != -1)
+					elog(ERROR, "found null more than once");
+				null_index = i;
+			}
+
+			if (list_value)
+				non_null_values = lappend(non_null_values, list_value);
+		}
+
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	ndatums = list_length(non_null_values);
+
+	/*
+	 * Collect all list values in one array. Alongside the value, we also save
+	 * the index of partition the value comes from.
+	 */
+	all_values = (PartitionListValue **)
+		palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionListValue *));
+	i = 0;
+	foreach(cell, non_null_values)
+	{
+		PartitionListValue *src = lfirst(cell);
+
+		all_values[i] = (PartitionListValue *)
+			palloc(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
+		all_values[i]->value = src->value;
+		all_values[i]->index = src->index;
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	qsort_arg(all_values, ndatums, sizeof(PartitionListValue *),
+			  qsort_partition_list_value_cmp, (void *) key);
+
+	boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
+	boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
+	boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(ndatums * sizeof(int));
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy values.  Indexes of individual values are mapped to canonical
+	 * values so that they match for any two list partitioned tables with same
+	 * number of partitions and same lists per partition.  One way to
+	 * canonicalize is to assign the index in all_values[] of the smallest
+	 * value of each partition, as the index of all of the partition's values.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+	{
+		int			orig_index = all_values[i]->index;
+
+		boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof(Datum));
+		boundinfo->datums[i][0] = datumCopy(all_values[i]->value,
+											key->parttypbyval[0],
+											key->parttyplen[0]);
+
+		/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
+		if ((*mapping)[orig_index] == -1)
+			(*mapping)[orig_index] = next_index++;
+
+		boundinfo->indexes[i] = (*mapping)[orig_index];
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If null-accepting partition has no mapped index yet, assign one.  This
+	 * could happen if such partition accepts only null and hence not covered
+	 * in the above loop which only handled non-null values.
+	 */
+	if (null_index != -1)
+	{
+		Assert(null_index >= 0);
+		if ((*mapping)[null_index] == -1)
+			(*mapping)[null_index] = next_index++;
+		boundinfo->null_index = (*mapping)[null_index];
+	}
+
+	/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
+	if (default_index != -1)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * The default partition accepts any value not specified in the lists
+		 * of other partitions, hence it should not get mapped index while
+		 * assigning those for non-null datums.
+		 */
+		Assert(default_index >= 0);
+		Assert((*mapping)[default_index] == -1);
+		(*mapping)[default_index] = next_index++;
+		boundinfo->default_index = (*mapping)[default_index];
+	}
+
+	/* All partition must now have been assigned canonical indexes. */
+	Assert(next_index == list_length(boundspecs));
+	return boundinfo;
+}
+
+/*
+ * create_range_bounds
+ *		Create a PartitionBoundInfo for a range partitioned table
+ */
+static PartitionBoundInfo
+create_range_bounds(List *boundspecs, PartitionKey key, int **mapping)
+{
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	PartitionRangeBound **rbounds = NULL;
+	PartitionRangeBound **all_bounds,
+			   *prev;
+	ListCell   *cell;
+	int			i,
+				k,
+				nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
+	int			ndatums = 0;
+	int			default_index = -1;
+	int			next_index = 0;
+
+	boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
+		palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
+	boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
+	/* There is no special null-accepting range partition. */
+	boundinfo->null_index = -1;
+	/* Will be set correctly below. */
+	boundinfo->default_index = -1;
+
+	all_bounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
+		palloc0(2 * nparts * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
+
+	/* Create a unified list of range bounds across all the partitions. */
+	i = ndatums = 0;
+	foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+	{
+		PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec, lfirst(cell));
+		PartitionRangeBound *lower,
+				   *upper;
+
+		Assert(spec->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE);
+
+		/*
+		 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
+		 * partition.  There's no datum to add to the all_bounds array for
+		 * this partition.
+		 */
+		if (spec->is_default)
+		{
+			default_index = i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		lower = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->lowerdatums, true);
+		upper = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->upperdatums, false);
+		all_bounds[ndatums++] = lower;
+		all_bounds[ndatums++] = upper;
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	Assert(ndatums == nparts * 2 ||
+		   (default_index != -1 && ndatums == (nparts - 1) * 2));
+
+	/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
+	qsort_arg(all_bounds, ndatums,
+			  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *),
+			  qsort_partition_rbound_cmp,
+			  (void *) key);
+
+	/* Save distinct bounds from all_bounds into rbounds. */
+	rbounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
+		palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
+	k = 0;
+	prev = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+	{
+		PartitionRangeBound *cur = all_bounds[i];
+		bool		is_distinct = false;
+		int			j;
+
+		/* Is the current bound distinct from the previous one? */
+		for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
+		{
+			Datum		cmpval;
+
+			if (prev == NULL || cur->kind[j] != prev->kind[j])
+			{
+				is_distinct = true;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * If the bounds are both MINVALUE or MAXVALUE, stop now and treat
+			 * them as equal, since any values after this point must be
+			 * ignored.
+			 */
+			if (cur->kind[j] != PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
+				break;
+
+			cmpval = FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[j],
+									   key->partcollation[j],
+									   cur->datums[j],
+									   prev->datums[j]);
+			if (DatumGetInt32(cmpval) != 0)
+			{
+				is_distinct = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Only if the bound is distinct save it into a temporary array, i.e,
+		 * rbounds which is later copied into boundinfo datums array.
+		 */
+		if (is_distinct)
+			rbounds[k++] = all_bounds[i];
+
+		prev = cur;
+	}
+
+	/* Update ndatums to hold the count of distinct datums. */
+	ndatums = k;
+
+	/*
+	 * Add datums to boundinfo.  Canonical indexes are values ranging from 0
+	 * to nparts - 1, assigned in that order to each partition's upper bound.
+	 * For 'datums' elements that are lower bounds, there is -1 in the
+	 * 'indexes' array to signify that no partition exists for the values less
+	 * than such a bound and greater than or equal to the previous upper
+	 * bound.
+	 */
+	boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
+	boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
+	boundinfo->kind = (PartitionRangeDatumKind **)
+		palloc(ndatums *
+			   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind *));
+
+	/*
+	 * For range partitioning, an additional value of -1 is stored as the last
+	 * element.
+	 */
+	boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc((ndatums + 1) * sizeof(int));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+	{
+		int			j;
+
+		boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(key->partnatts *
+												sizeof(Datum));
+		boundinfo->kind[i] = (PartitionRangeDatumKind *)
+			palloc(key->partnatts *
+				   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind));
+		for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
+		{
+			if (rbounds[i]->kind[j] == PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
+				boundinfo->datums[i][j] =
+					datumCopy(rbounds[i]->datums[j],
+							  key->parttypbyval[j],
+							  key->parttyplen[j]);
+			boundinfo->kind[i][j] = rbounds[i]->kind[j];
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * There is no mapping for invalid indexes.
+		 *
+		 * Any lower bounds in the rbounds array have invalid indexes
+		 * assigned, because the values between the previous bound (if there
+		 * is one) and this (lower) bound are not part of the range of any
+		 * existing partition.
+		 */
+		if (rbounds[i]->lower)
+			boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+		else
+		{
+			int			orig_index = rbounds[i]->index;
+
+			/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
+			if ((*mapping)[orig_index] == -1)
+				(*mapping)[orig_index] = next_index++;
+
+			boundinfo->indexes[i] = (*mapping)[orig_index];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
+	if (default_index != -1)
+	{
+		Assert(default_index >= 0 && (*mapping)[default_index] == -1);
+		(*mapping)[default_index] = next_index++;
+		boundinfo->default_index = (*mapping)[default_index];
+	}
+
+	/* The extra -1 element. */
+	Assert(i == ndatums);
+	boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+
+	/* All partition must now have been assigned canonical indexes. */
+	Assert(next_index == nparts);
+	return boundinfo;
+}
+
 /*
  * Are two partition bound collections logically equal?
  *
@@ -763,7 +1330,7 @@ get_hash_partition_greatest_modulus(PartitionBoundInfo bound)
  * and a flag telling whether the bound is lower or not.  Made into a function
  * because there are multiple sites that want to use this facility.
  */
-PartitionRangeBound *
+static PartitionRangeBound *
 make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index, List *datums, bool lower)
 {
 	PartitionRangeBound *bound;
@@ -819,7 +1386,7 @@ make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index, List *datums, bool lower)
  * structure, which only stores the upper bound of a common boundary between
  * two contiguous partitions.
  */
-int32
+static int32
 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 					 Oid *partcollation,
 					 Datum *datums1, PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1,
@@ -914,7 +1481,7 @@ partition_rbound_datum_cmp(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Oid *partcollation,
  *
  * Compares modulus first, then remainder if modulus is equal.
  */
-int32
+static int32
 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2, int remainder2)
 {
 	if (modulus1 < modulus2)
@@ -977,7 +1544,7 @@ partition_list_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Oid *partcollation,
  * *is_equal is set to true if the range bound at the returned index is equal
  * to the input range bound
  */
-int
+static int
 partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 						Oid *partcollation,
 						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
@@ -1101,6 +1668,55 @@ partition_hash_bsearch(PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
 	return lo;
 }
 
+/*
+ * qsort_partition_hbound_cmp
+ *
+ * Hash bounds are sorted by modulus, then by remainder.
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	PartitionHashBound *h1 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) a);
+	PartitionHashBound *h2 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) b);
+
+	return partition_hbound_cmp(h1->modulus, h1->remainder,
+								h2->modulus, h2->remainder);
+}
+
+/*
+ * qsort_partition_list_value_cmp
+ *
+ * Compare two list partition bound datums.
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
+{
+	Datum		val1 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) a)->value,
+				val2 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) b)->value;
+	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
+
+	return DatumGetInt32(FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[0],
+										   key->partcollation[0],
+										   val1, val2));
+}
+
+/*
+ * qsort_partition_rbound_cmp
+ *
+ * Used when sorting range bounds across all range partitions.
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
+{
+	PartitionRangeBound *b1 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) a);
+	PartitionRangeBound *b2 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) b);
+	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
+
+	return partition_rbound_cmp(key->partnatts, key->partsupfunc,
+								key->partcollation, b1->datums, b1->kind,
+								b1->lower, b2);
+}
+
 /*
  * get_partition_bound_num_indexes
  *
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
index 5757301d05..020bca1f54 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
@@ -38,12 +38,6 @@
 
 
 static List *generate_partition_qual(Relation rel);
-static int32 qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
-static int32 qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
-							   void *arg);
-static int32 qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
-						   void *arg);
-
 
 /*
  * RelationBuildPartitionKey
@@ -260,36 +254,22 @@ RelationBuildPartitionKey(Relation relation)
 void
 RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 {
-	List	   *inhoids,
-			   *partoids;
-	Oid		   *oids = NULL;
+	PartitionDesc partdesc;
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	List	   *inhoids;
 	List	   *boundspecs = NIL;
 	ListCell   *cell;
 	int			i,
 				nparts;
 	PartitionKey key = RelationGetPartitionKey(rel);
-	PartitionDesc result;
 	MemoryContext oldcxt;
-
-	int			ndatums = 0;
-	int			default_index = -1;
-
-	/* Hash partitioning specific */
-	PartitionHashBound **hbounds = NULL;
-
-	/* List partitioning specific */
-	PartitionListValue **all_values = NULL;
-	int			null_index = -1;
-
-	/* Range partitioning specific */
-	PartitionRangeBound **rbounds = NULL;
+	Oid		   *oids_orig;
+	int		   *mapping;
 
 	/* Get partition oids from pg_inherits */
 	inhoids = find_inheritance_children(RelationGetRelid(rel), NoLock);
 
 	/* Collect bound spec nodes in a list */
-	i = 0;
-	partoids = NIL;
 	foreach(cell, inhoids)
 	{
 		Oid			inhrelid = lfirst_oid(cell);
@@ -325,245 +305,10 @@ RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 		}
 
 		boundspecs = lappend(boundspecs, boundspec);
-		partoids = lappend_oid(partoids, inhrelid);
 		ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
 	}
 
-	nparts = list_length(partoids);
-
-	if (nparts > 0)
-	{
-		oids = (Oid *) palloc(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
-		i = 0;
-		foreach(cell, partoids)
-			oids[i++] = lfirst_oid(cell);
-
-		/* Convert from node to the internal representation */
-		if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
-		{
-			ndatums = nparts;
-			hbounds = (PartitionHashBound **)
-				palloc(nparts * sizeof(PartitionHashBound *));
-
-			i = 0;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				hbounds[i] = (PartitionHashBound *)
-					palloc(sizeof(PartitionHashBound));
-
-				hbounds[i]->modulus = spec->modulus;
-				hbounds[i]->remainder = spec->remainder;
-				hbounds[i]->index = i;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
-			qsort(hbounds, nparts, sizeof(PartitionHashBound *),
-				  qsort_partition_hbound_cmp);
-		}
-		else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
-		{
-			List	   *non_null_values = NIL;
-
-			/*
-			 * Create a unified list of non-null values across all partitions.
-			 */
-			i = 0;
-			null_index = -1;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-				ListCell   *c;
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				/*
-				 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
-				 * partition. There's no datum to add to the list of non-null
-				 * datums for this partition.
-				 */
-				if (spec->is_default)
-				{
-					default_index = i;
-					i++;
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				foreach(c, spec->listdatums)
-				{
-					Const	   *val = castNode(Const, lfirst(c));
-					PartitionListValue *list_value = NULL;
-
-					if (!val->constisnull)
-					{
-						list_value = (PartitionListValue *)
-							palloc0(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
-						list_value->index = i;
-						list_value->value = val->constvalue;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						/*
-						 * Never put a null into the values array, flag
-						 * instead for the code further down below where we
-						 * construct the actual relcache struct.
-						 */
-						if (null_index != -1)
-							elog(ERROR, "found null more than once");
-						null_index = i;
-					}
-
-					if (list_value)
-						non_null_values = lappend(non_null_values,
-												  list_value);
-				}
-
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			ndatums = list_length(non_null_values);
-
-			/*
-			 * Collect all list values in one array. Alongside the value, we
-			 * also save the index of partition the value comes from.
-			 */
-			all_values = (PartitionListValue **) palloc(ndatums *
-														sizeof(PartitionListValue *));
-			i = 0;
-			foreach(cell, non_null_values)
-			{
-				PartitionListValue *src = lfirst(cell);
-
-				all_values[i] = (PartitionListValue *)
-					palloc(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
-				all_values[i]->value = src->value;
-				all_values[i]->index = src->index;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			qsort_arg(all_values, ndatums, sizeof(PartitionListValue *),
-					  qsort_partition_list_value_cmp, (void *) key);
-		}
-		else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
-		{
-			int			k;
-			PartitionRangeBound **all_bounds,
-					   *prev;
-
-			all_bounds = (PartitionRangeBound **) palloc0(2 * nparts *
-														  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
-
-			/*
-			 * Create a unified list of range bounds across all the
-			 * partitions.
-			 */
-			i = ndatums = 0;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-				PartitionRangeBound *lower,
-						   *upper;
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				/*
-				 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
-				 * partition. There's no datum to add to the allbounds array
-				 * for this partition.
-				 */
-				if (spec->is_default)
-				{
-					default_index = i++;
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				lower = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->lowerdatums,
-												  true);
-				upper = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->upperdatums,
-												  false);
-				all_bounds[ndatums++] = lower;
-				all_bounds[ndatums++] = upper;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			Assert(ndatums == nparts * 2 ||
-				   (default_index != -1 && ndatums == (nparts - 1) * 2));
-
-			/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
-			qsort_arg(all_bounds, ndatums,
-					  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *),
-					  qsort_partition_rbound_cmp,
-					  (void *) key);
-
-			/* Save distinct bounds from all_bounds into rbounds. */
-			rbounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
-				palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
-			k = 0;
-			prev = NULL;
-			for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-			{
-				PartitionRangeBound *cur = all_bounds[i];
-				bool		is_distinct = false;
-				int			j;
-
-				/* Is the current bound distinct from the previous one? */
-				for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
-				{
-					Datum		cmpval;
-
-					if (prev == NULL || cur->kind[j] != prev->kind[j])
-					{
-						is_distinct = true;
-						break;
-					}
-
-					/*
-					 * If the bounds are both MINVALUE or MAXVALUE, stop now
-					 * and treat them as equal, since any values after this
-					 * point must be ignored.
-					 */
-					if (cur->kind[j] != PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
-						break;
-
-					cmpval = FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[j],
-											   key->partcollation[j],
-											   cur->datums[j],
-											   prev->datums[j]);
-					if (DatumGetInt32(cmpval) != 0)
-					{
-						is_distinct = true;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-
-				/*
-				 * Only if the bound is distinct save it into a temporary
-				 * array i.e. rbounds which is later copied into boundinfo
-				 * datums array.
-				 */
-				if (is_distinct)
-					rbounds[k++] = all_bounds[i];
-
-				prev = cur;
-			}
-
-			/* Update ndatums to hold the count of distinct datums. */
-			ndatums = k;
-		}
-		else
-			elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
-				 (int) key->strategy);
-	}
+	nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
 
 	/* Now build the actual relcache partition descriptor */
 	rel->rd_pdcxt = AllocSetContextCreate(CacheMemoryContext,
@@ -572,210 +317,41 @@ RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 	MemoryContextCopyAndSetIdentifier(rel->rd_pdcxt, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
 
 	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rel->rd_pdcxt);
-
-	result = (PartitionDescData *) palloc0(sizeof(PartitionDescData));
-	result->nparts = nparts;
-	if (nparts > 0)
-	{
-		PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
-		int		   *mapping;
-		int			next_index = 0;
-
-		result->oids = (Oid *) palloc0(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
-
-		boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
-			palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
-		boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
-		boundinfo->default_index = -1;
-		boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
-		boundinfo->null_index = -1;
-		boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
-
-		/* Initialize mapping array with invalid values */
-		mapping = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * nparts);
-		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-			mapping[i] = -1;
-
-		switch (key->strategy)
-		{
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
-				{
-					/* Moduli are stored in ascending order */
-					int			greatest_modulus = hbounds[ndatums - 1]->modulus;
-
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(greatest_modulus *
-														sizeof(int));
-
-					for (i = 0; i < greatest_modulus; i++)
-						boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-
-					for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-					{
-						int			modulus = hbounds[i]->modulus;
-						int			remainder = hbounds[i]->remainder;
-
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(2 *
-																sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->datums[i][0] = Int32GetDatum(modulus);
-						boundinfo->datums[i][1] = Int32GetDatum(remainder);
-
-						while (remainder < greatest_modulus)
-						{
-							/* overlap? */
-							Assert(boundinfo->indexes[remainder] == -1);
-							boundinfo->indexes[remainder] = i;
-							remainder += modulus;
-						}
-
-						mapping[hbounds[i]->index] = i;
-						pfree(hbounds[i]);
-					}
-					pfree(hbounds);
-					break;
-				}
-
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
-				{
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(ndatums * sizeof(int));
-
-					/*
-					 * Copy values.  Indexes of individual values are mapped
-					 * to canonical values so that they match for any two list
-					 * partitioned tables with same number of partitions and
-					 * same lists per partition.  One way to canonicalize is
-					 * to assign the index in all_values[] of the smallest
-					 * value of each partition, as the index of all of the
-					 * partition's values.
-					 */
-					for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-					{
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->datums[i][0] = datumCopy(all_values[i]->value,
-															key->parttypbyval[0],
-															key->parttyplen[0]);
-
-						/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
-						if (mapping[all_values[i]->index] == -1)
-							mapping[all_values[i]->index] = next_index++;
-
-						boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[all_values[i]->index];
-					}
-
-					/*
-					 * If null-accepting partition has no mapped index yet,
-					 * assign one.  This could happen if such partition
-					 * accepts only null and hence not covered in the above
-					 * loop which only handled non-null values.
-					 */
-					if (null_index != -1)
-					{
-						Assert(null_index >= 0);
-						if (mapping[null_index] == -1)
-							mapping[null_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->null_index = mapping[null_index];
-					}
-
-					/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
-					if (default_index != -1)
-					{
-						/*
-						 * The default partition accepts any value not
-						 * specified in the lists of other partitions, hence
-						 * it should not get mapped index while assigning
-						 * those for non-null datums.
-						 */
-						Assert(default_index >= 0 &&
-							   mapping[default_index] == -1);
-						mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
-					}
-
-					/* All partition must now have a valid mapping */
-					Assert(next_index == nparts);
-					break;
-				}
-
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
-				{
-					boundinfo->kind = (PartitionRangeDatumKind **)
-						palloc(ndatums *
-							   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind *));
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc((ndatums + 1) *
-														sizeof(int));
-
-					for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-					{
-						int			j;
-
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(key->partnatts *
-																sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->kind[i] = (PartitionRangeDatumKind *)
-							palloc(key->partnatts *
-								   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind));
-						for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
-						{
-							if (rbounds[i]->kind[j] == PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
-								boundinfo->datums[i][j] =
-									datumCopy(rbounds[i]->datums[j],
-											  key->parttypbyval[j],
-											  key->parttyplen[j]);
-							boundinfo->kind[i][j] = rbounds[i]->kind[j];
-						}
-
-						/*
-						 * There is no mapping for invalid indexes.
-						 *
-						 * Any lower bounds in the rbounds array have invalid
-						 * indexes assigned, because the values between the
-						 * previous bound (if there is one) and this (lower)
-						 * bound are not part of the range of any existing
-						 * partition.
-						 */
-						if (rbounds[i]->lower)
-							boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-						else
-						{
-							int			orig_index = rbounds[i]->index;
-
-							/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
-							if (mapping[orig_index] == -1)
-								mapping[orig_index] = next_index++;
-
-							boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[orig_index];
-						}
-					}
-
-					/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
-					if (default_index != -1)
-					{
-						Assert(default_index >= 0 && mapping[default_index] == -1);
-						mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
-					}
-					boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-					break;
-				}
-
-			default:
-				elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
-					 (int) key->strategy);
-		}
-
-		result->boundinfo = boundinfo;
-
-		/*
-		 * Now assign OIDs from the original array into mapped indexes of the
-		 * result array.  Order of OIDs in the former is defined by the
-		 * catalog scan that retrieved them, whereas that in the latter is
-		 * defined by canonicalized representation of the partition bounds.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-			result->oids[mapping[i]] = oids[i];
-		pfree(mapping);
-	}
+	partdesc = (PartitionDescData *) palloc0(sizeof(PartitionDescData));
+	partdesc->nparts = nparts;
+	/* oids and boundinfo are allocated below. */
 
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
-	rel->rd_partdesc = result;
+
+	if (nparts == 0)
+	{
+		rel->rd_partdesc = partdesc;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* First create the PartitionBoundInfo in caller's context. */
+	boundinfo = partition_bounds_create(boundspecs, key, &mapping);
+	oids_orig = (Oid *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * partdesc->nparts);
+	i = 0;
+	foreach(cell, inhoids)
+		oids_orig[i++] = lfirst_oid(cell);
+
+	/* Now copy boundinfo and oids into partdesc. */
+	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rel->rd_pdcxt);
+	partdesc->boundinfo = partition_bounds_copy(boundinfo, key);
+	partdesc->oids = (Oid *) palloc(partdesc->nparts * sizeof(Oid));
+
+	/*
+	 * Now assign OIDs from the original array into mapped indexes of the
+	 * result array.  Order of OIDs in the former is defined by the catalog
+	 * scan that retrieved them, whereas that in the latter is defined by
+	 * canonicalized representation of the partition bounds.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < partdesc->nparts; i++)
+		partdesc->oids[mapping[i]] = oids_orig[i];
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
+
+	rel->rd_partdesc = partdesc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -917,48 +493,3 @@ generate_partition_qual(Relation rel)
 
 	return result;
 }
-
-/*
- * qsort_partition_hbound_cmp
- *
- * We sort hash bounds by modulus, then by remainder.
- */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	PartitionHashBound *h1 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) a);
-	PartitionHashBound *h2 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) b);
-
-	return partition_hbound_cmp(h1->modulus, h1->remainder,
-								h2->modulus, h2->remainder);
-}
-
-/*
- * qsort_partition_list_value_cmp
- *
- * Compare two list partition bound datums
- */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
-{
-	Datum		val1 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) a)->value,
-				val2 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) b)->value;
-	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
-
-	return DatumGetInt32(FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[0],
-										   key->partcollation[0],
-										   val1, val2));
-}
-
-/* Used when sorting range bounds across all range partitions */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
-{
-	PartitionRangeBound *b1 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) a);
-	PartitionRangeBound *b2 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) b);
-	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
-
-	return partition_rbound_cmp(key->partnatts, key->partsupfunc,
-								key->partcollation, b1->datums, b1->kind,
-								b1->lower, b2);
-}
diff --git a/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h b/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
index c7535e32fc..7a697d1c0a 100644
--- a/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
+++ b/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
@@ -75,40 +75,14 @@ typedef struct PartitionBoundInfoData
 #define partition_bound_accepts_nulls(bi) ((bi)->null_index != -1)
 #define partition_bound_has_default(bi) ((bi)->default_index != -1)
 
-/*
- * When qsort'ing partition bounds after reading from the catalog, each bound
- * is represented with one of the following structs.
- */
-
-/* One bound of a hash partition */
-typedef struct PartitionHashBound
-{
-	int			modulus;
-	int			remainder;
-	int			index;
-} PartitionHashBound;
-
-/* One value coming from some (index'th) list partition */
-typedef struct PartitionListValue
-{
-	int			index;
-	Datum		value;
-} PartitionListValue;
-
-/* One bound of a range partition */
-typedef struct PartitionRangeBound
-{
-	int			index;
-	Datum	   *datums;			/* range bound datums */
-	PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind;	/* the kind of each datum */
-	bool		lower;			/* this is the lower (vs upper) bound */
-} PartitionRangeBound;
-
 extern int	get_hash_partition_greatest_modulus(PartitionBoundInfo b);
 extern uint64 compute_partition_hash_value(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 							 Datum *values, bool *isnull);
 extern List *get_qual_from_partbound(Relation rel, Relation parent,
 						PartitionBoundSpec *spec);
+extern PartitionBoundInfo partition_bounds_create(List *boundspecs,
+						PartitionKey key,
+						int **mapping);
 extern bool partition_bounds_equal(int partnatts, int16 *parttyplen,
 					   bool *parttypbyval, PartitionBoundInfo b1,
 					   PartitionBoundInfo b2);
@@ -120,14 +94,6 @@ extern void check_default_partition_contents(Relation parent,
 								 Relation defaultRel,
 								 PartitionBoundSpec *new_spec);
 
-extern PartitionRangeBound *make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index,
-						  List *datums, bool lower);
-extern int32 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2,
-					 int remainder2);
-extern int32 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
-					 Oid *partcollation, Datum *datums1,
-					 PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1, bool lower1,
-					 PartitionRangeBound *b2);
 extern int32 partition_rbound_datum_cmp(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 						   Oid *partcollation,
 						   Datum *rb_datums, PartitionRangeDatumKind *rb_kind,
@@ -136,10 +102,6 @@ extern int partition_list_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 					   Oid *partcollation,
 					   PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
 					   Datum value, bool *is_equal);
-extern int partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
-						Oid *partcollation,
-						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
-						PartitionRangeBound *probe, bool *is_equal);
 extern int partition_range_datum_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 							  Oid *partcollation,
 							  PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-13 01:34  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-13 01:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

Hi,

On 2018/11/12 22:55, Michael Paquier wrote:
> On Thu, Nov 08, 2018 at 03:11:35PM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
>> And here is the new version.  The break down into smaller local
>> functions for different partitioning methods is in patch 0002.
> 
> Okay, here we go.

Thank you for reviewing.

> I have spent a couple of hours on this patch,
> checking the consistency of the new code and the new code, and the main
> complain I have about the last version is that the code in charge of
> building the mapping was made less robust.
> So my notes are:
> - The initialization of the mapping should happen in
> partition_bounds_create() before going through each routine.  The
> proposed patch was only doing the initialization for list bounds, using
> an extra layer to track the canonical ordering of indexes associated
> with a partition (listpart_canon_idx), and that's something that the
> mapping can perfectly do, keeping the code more straight-forward (at
> least it seems so to me) with the way null_index and default_index are
> assigned.

I looked at this and the new implementation seems safe and is a bit faster
due to removing listpart_canon_idx stuff.

> - Some noise diffs were present, sometimes the indentation being wrong.
> - Asserts could be used instead of elog(ERROR) if the strategy is not
> the expected one.  That looks cleaner to me.

Hmm, Assert or elog is your call, but I'd learned that we prefer elog when
checking a value read from the disk?

> The result is perhaps less smart than what you did, but that's more
> robust.  It may make sense to change the way the mapping is built but
> I would suggest to do so after the actual refactoring.  Attached is what
> I finish with, and I have spent quite some time making sure that
> all the new logic remains consistent with the previous one.

Thank you, the new logic seems sane to me.

I noticed a few things while going over the new patch.

I'd accidentally ended up changing the mapping elements to mean that they
map canonical indexes of partitions to their original indexes, but your
rewrite has restored the original meaning, so the following comment that I
wrote is obsolete:

+ * Upon return from this function, *mapping is set to an array of
+ * list_length(boundspecs) elements, each of which maps the canonical
+ * index of a given partition to its 0-based position in the original list.

It should be: "each of which maps the original index of a partition to its
canonical index."

+ /*
+  * For each partitioning method, we first convert the partition bounds
+  * from their parser node representation to the internal representation,
+  * along with any additional preprocessing (such performing de-duplication
+  * on range bounds).  For each bound, we remember its partition's position
+  * (0-based) in the original list, so that we can add it to the *mapping
+  * array.
+  *
+  * Resulting bound datums are then added to the 'datums' array in
+  * PartitionBoundInfo.  For each datum added, an integer indicating the
+  * canonical partition index is added to the 'indexes' array.
+  */

Maybe we can slightly rearrange this comment (along with fixing typos and
obsolete facts) as:

/*
 * For each partitioning method, we first convert the partition bounds f
 * from their parser node representation to the internal representation,
 * along with any additional preprocessing (such as de-duplicating range
 * bounds).  Resulting bound datums are then added to the 'datums' array
 * in PartitionBoundInfo.  For each datum added, an integer indicating the
 * canonical partition index is added to the 'indexes' array.
 *
 * For each bound, we remember its partition's position (0-based) in the
 * original list to later map it to the canonical index.
 */

I'd proposed to rewrite the following comments in create_list_bounds, but
maybe you thought it's related to listmap_canon_idx stuff which no longer
exists.

+ /*
+  * Copy values.  Indexes of individual values are mapped to canonical
+  * values so that they match for any two list partitioned tables with same
+  * number of partitions and same lists per partition.  One way to
+  * canonicalize is to assign the index in all_values[] of the smallest
+  * value of each partition, as the index of all of the partition's values.
+  */

Here's what I'd proposed (fixing typos and removing the sentence that
mentioned listmap_canon_idx).

/*
 * Copy values.  Canonical indexes are values ranging from 0 to nparts - 1
 * assigned to each partition such that all datums of a given partition
 * receive the same value.  The value for a given partition is the index
 * of that partition's smallest datum in the all_values[] array.
 */

Similarly, for:

+	/*
+	 * If null-accepting partition has no mapped index yet, assign one.  This
+	 * could happen if such partition accepts only null and hence not covered
+	 * in the above loop which only handled non-null values.
+	 */

I'd proposed:

/*
 * Set the canonical value for null_index, if any.
 *
 * It's possible that the null-accepting partition has not been
 * assigned an index yet, which could happen if such partition
 * accepts only null and hence not handled in the above loop
 * which only looked at non-null values.
 */

For:

+	/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */

I'd proposed:

/* Set the canonical value for default_index, if any. */

Thanks,
Amit





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-13 02:34  Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: Michael Paquier @ 2018-11-13 02:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Tue, Nov 13, 2018 at 10:34:50AM +0900, Amit Langote wrote:
> Hmm, Assert or elog is your call, but I'd learned that we prefer elog when
> checking a value read from the disk?

Let's keep elog() then, which is consistent with the previous code.  If
there is any meaning in switching to an assert(), it could always be
changed later, if that proves necessary.

> Thank you, the new logic seems sane to me.
> 
> I noticed a few things while going over the new patch.

Thanks for going through it.

> I'd accidentally ended up changing the mapping elements to mean that they
> map canonical indexes of partitions to their original indexes, but your
> rewrite has restored the original meaning, so the following comment that I
> wrote is obsolete:
> 
> + * Upon return from this function, *mapping is set to an array of
> + * list_length(boundspecs) elements, each of which maps the canonical
> + * index of a given partition to its 0-based position in the original list.
> 
> It should be: "each of which maps the original index of a partition to its
> canonical index."

Indeed.  Good point.  I have missed that bit.

> Maybe we can slightly rearrange this comment (along with fixing typos and
> obsolete facts) as:
> 
> /*
>  * For each partitioning method, we first convert the partition bounds f
>  * from their parser node representation to the internal representation,
>  * along with any additional preprocessing (such as de-duplicating range
>  * bounds).  Resulting bound datums are then added to the 'datums' array
>  * in PartitionBoundInfo.  For each datum added, an integer indicating the
>  * canonical partition index is added to the 'indexes' array.
>  *
>  * For each bound, we remember its partition's position (0-based) in the
>  * original list to later map it to the canonical index.
>  */

OK, that looks cleaner.

> I'd proposed:
> 
> /*
>  * Set the canonical value for null_index, if any.
>  *
>  * It's possible that the null-accepting partition has not been
>  * assigned an index yet, which could happen if such partition
>  * accepts only null and hence not handled in the above loop
>  * which only looked at non-null values.
>  */

No issues with that.  So canonical index is used as a more common term,
which seems fine.

> I'd proposed:
> 
> /* Set the canonical value for default_index, if any. */

And this one either, using a conditional at the end is more adapted
anyway.  And there are two occurences of that.

Attached is an updated patch.  Perhaps you are spotting something else?
--
Michael


Attachments:

  [text/x-diff] partition-bound-refactor-v2.patch (40.4K, ../../[email protected]/2-partition-bound-refactor-v2.patch)
  download | inline diff:
diff --git a/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c b/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
index c94f73aadc..70cee6862b 100644
--- a/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
+++ b/src/backend/partitioning/partbounds.c
@@ -36,6 +36,61 @@
 #include "utils/ruleutils.h"
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 
+/*
+ * When qsort'ing partition bounds after reading from the catalog, each bound
+ * is represented with one of the following structs.
+ */
+
+/* One bound of a hash partition */
+typedef struct PartitionHashBound
+{
+	int			modulus;
+	int			remainder;
+	int			index;
+} PartitionHashBound;
+
+/* One value coming from some (index'th) list partition */
+typedef struct PartitionListValue
+{
+	int			index;
+	Datum		value;
+} PartitionListValue;
+
+/* One bound of a range partition */
+typedef struct PartitionRangeBound
+{
+	int			index;
+	Datum	   *datums;			/* range bound datums */
+	PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind;	/* the kind of each datum */
+	bool		lower;			/* this is the lower (vs upper) bound */
+} PartitionRangeBound;
+
+static int32 qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
+static int32 qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
+							   void *arg);
+static int32 qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
+						   void *arg);
+static PartitionBoundInfo create_hash_bounds(List *boundspecs,
+				   PartitionKey key,
+				   int **mapping);
+static PartitionBoundInfo create_list_bounds(List *boundspecs,
+				   PartitionKey key,
+				   int **mapping);
+static PartitionBoundInfo create_range_bounds(List *boundspecs,
+					PartitionKey key,
+					int **mapping);
+static PartitionRangeBound *make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index,
+						  List *datums, bool lower);
+static int32 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2,
+					 int remainder2);
+static int32 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
+					 Oid *partcollation, Datum *datums1,
+					 PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1, bool lower1,
+					 PartitionRangeBound *b2);
+static int partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
+						Oid *partcollation,
+						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
+						PartitionRangeBound *probe, bool *is_equal);
 static int	get_partition_bound_num_indexes(PartitionBoundInfo b);
 static Expr *make_partition_op_expr(PartitionKey key, int keynum,
 					   uint16 strategy, Expr *arg1, Expr *arg2);
@@ -92,6 +147,522 @@ get_qual_from_partbound(Relation rel, Relation parent,
 	return my_qual;
 }
 
+/*
+ *	partition_bounds_create
+ *		Build a PartitionBoundInfo struct from a list of PartitionBoundSpec
+ *		nodes
+ *
+ * This function creates a PartitionBoundInfo and fills the values of its
+ * various members based on the input list.  Importantly, 'datums' array will
+ * contain Datum representation of individual bounds (possibly after
+ * de-duplication as in case of range bounds), sorted in a canonical order
+ * defined by qsort_partition_* functions of respective partitioning methods.
+ * 'indexes' array will contain as many elements as there are bounds (specific
+ * exceptions to this rule are listed in the function body), which represent
+ * the 0-based canonical positions of partitions.
+ *
+ * Upon return from this function, *mapping is set to an array of
+ * list_length(boundspecs) elements, each of which maps the original index of
+ * a partition to its canonical index.
+ *
+ * Note: All the memory allocated by this function, including that of the
+ * the returned PartitionBoundInfo and its members is allocated in the context
+ * that was active when the function was called.
+ */
+PartitionBoundInfo
+partition_bounds_create(List *boundspecs, PartitionKey key, int **mapping)
+{
+	int			nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
+	int			i;
+
+	Assert(nparts > 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * For each partitioning method, we first convert the partition bounds
+	 * from their parser node representation to the internal representation,
+	 * along with any additional preprocessing (such as de-duplicating range
+	 * bounds).  Resulting bound datums are then added to the 'datums' array
+	 * in PartitionBoundInfo.  For each datum added, an integer indicating the
+	 * canonical partition index is added to the 'indexes' array.
+	 *
+	 * For each bound, we remember its partition's position (0-based) in the
+	 * original list to later map it to the canonical index.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Initialize mapping array with invalid values, this is filled within
+	 * each sub-routine below depending on the bound type.
+	 */
+	*mapping = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * nparts);
+	for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+		(*mapping)[i] = -1;
+
+	switch (key->strategy)
+	{
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
+			return create_hash_bounds(boundspecs, key, mapping);
+
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
+			return create_list_bounds(boundspecs, key, mapping);
+
+		case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
+			return create_range_bounds(boundspecs, key, mapping);
+
+		default:
+			elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
+				 (int) key->strategy);
+			break;
+	}
+
+	Assert(false);
+	return NULL;				/* keep compiler quiet */
+}
+
+/*
+ * create_hash_bounds
+ *		Create a PartitionBoundInfo for a hash partitioned table
+ */
+static PartitionBoundInfo
+create_hash_bounds(List *boundspecs, PartitionKey key, int **mapping)
+{
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	PartitionHashBound **hbounds = NULL;
+	ListCell   *cell;
+	int			i,
+				nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
+	int			ndatums = 0;
+	int			greatest_modulus;
+
+	boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
+		palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
+	boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
+	/* No special hash partitions. */
+	boundinfo->null_index = -1;
+	boundinfo->default_index = -1;
+
+	ndatums = nparts;
+	hbounds = (PartitionHashBound **)
+		palloc(nparts * sizeof(PartitionHashBound *));
+
+	/* Convert from node to the internal representation */
+	i = 0;
+	foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+	{
+		PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec, lfirst(cell));
+
+		if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+		hbounds[i] = (PartitionHashBound *) palloc(sizeof(PartitionHashBound));
+		hbounds[i]->modulus = spec->modulus;
+		hbounds[i]->remainder = spec->remainder;
+		hbounds[i]->index = i;
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
+	qsort(hbounds, nparts, sizeof(PartitionHashBound *),
+		  qsort_partition_hbound_cmp);
+
+	/* After sorting, moduli are now stored in ascending order. */
+	greatest_modulus = hbounds[ndatums - 1]->modulus;
+
+	boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
+	boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
+	boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(greatest_modulus * sizeof(int));
+	for (i = 0; i < greatest_modulus; i++)
+		boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * For hash partitioning, there are as many datums (modulus and remainder
+	 * pairs) as there are partitions.  Indexes are simply values ranging from
+	 * 0 to (nparts - 1).
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
+	{
+		int			modulus = hbounds[i]->modulus;
+		int			remainder = hbounds[i]->remainder;
+
+		boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(2 * sizeof(Datum));
+		boundinfo->datums[i][0] = Int32GetDatum(modulus);
+		boundinfo->datums[i][1] = Int32GetDatum(remainder);
+
+		while (remainder < greatest_modulus)
+		{
+			/* overlap? */
+			Assert(boundinfo->indexes[remainder] == -1);
+			boundinfo->indexes[remainder] = i;
+			remainder += modulus;
+		}
+
+		(*mapping)[hbounds[i]->index] = i;
+		pfree(hbounds[i]);
+	}
+	pfree(hbounds);
+
+	return boundinfo;
+}
+
+/*
+ * create_list_bounds
+ *		Create a PartitionBoundInfo for a list partitioned table
+ */
+static PartitionBoundInfo
+create_list_bounds(List *boundspecs, PartitionKey key, int **mapping)
+{
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	PartitionListValue **all_values = NULL;
+	ListCell   *cell;
+	int			i = 0;
+	int			ndatums = 0;
+	int			next_index = 0;
+	int			default_index = -1;
+	int			null_index = -1;
+	List	   *non_null_values = NIL;
+
+	boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
+		palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
+	boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
+	/* Will be set correctly below. */
+	boundinfo->null_index = -1;
+	boundinfo->default_index = -1;
+
+	/* Create a unified list of non-null values across all partitions. */
+	foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+	{
+		PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec, lfirst(cell));
+		ListCell   *c;
+
+		if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+		/*
+		 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
+		 * partition.  There's no datum to add to the list on non-null datums
+		 * for this partition.
+		 */
+		if (spec->is_default)
+		{
+			default_index = i;
+			i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		foreach(c, spec->listdatums)
+		{
+			Const	   *val = castNode(Const, lfirst(c));
+			PartitionListValue *list_value = NULL;
+
+			if (!val->constisnull)
+			{
+				list_value = (PartitionListValue *)
+					palloc0(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
+				list_value->index = i;
+				list_value->value = val->constvalue;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				/*
+				 * Never put a null into the values array, flag instead for
+				 * the code further down below where we construct the actual
+				 * relcache struct.
+				 */
+				if (null_index != -1)
+					elog(ERROR, "found null more than once");
+				null_index = i;
+			}
+
+			if (list_value)
+				non_null_values = lappend(non_null_values, list_value);
+		}
+
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	ndatums = list_length(non_null_values);
+
+	/*
+	 * Collect all list values in one array. Alongside the value, we also save
+	 * the index of partition the value comes from.
+	 */
+	all_values = (PartitionListValue **)
+		palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionListValue *));
+	i = 0;
+	foreach(cell, non_null_values)
+	{
+		PartitionListValue *src = lfirst(cell);
+
+		all_values[i] = (PartitionListValue *)
+			palloc(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
+		all_values[i]->value = src->value;
+		all_values[i]->index = src->index;
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	qsort_arg(all_values, ndatums, sizeof(PartitionListValue *),
+			  qsort_partition_list_value_cmp, (void *) key);
+
+	boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
+	boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
+	boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(ndatums * sizeof(int));
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy values.  Canonical indexes are values ranging from 0 to (nparts -
+	 * 1) assigned to each partition such that all datums of a given partition
+	 * receive the same value. The value for a given partition is the index of
+	 * that partition's smallest datum in the all_values[] array.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+	{
+		int			orig_index = all_values[i]->index;
+
+		boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof(Datum));
+		boundinfo->datums[i][0] = datumCopy(all_values[i]->value,
+											key->parttypbyval[0],
+											key->parttyplen[0]);
+
+		/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
+		if ((*mapping)[orig_index] == -1)
+			(*mapping)[orig_index] = next_index++;
+
+		boundinfo->indexes[i] = (*mapping)[orig_index];
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Set the canonical value for null_index, if any.
+	 *
+	 * It is possible that the null-accepting partition has not been assigned
+	 * an index yet, which could happen if such partition accepts only null
+	 * and hence not handled in the above loop which only looked at non-null
+	 * values.
+	 */
+	if (null_index != -1)
+	{
+		Assert(null_index >= 0);
+		if ((*mapping)[null_index] == -1)
+			(*mapping)[null_index] = next_index++;
+		boundinfo->null_index = (*mapping)[null_index];
+	}
+
+	/* Set the canonical value for default_index, if any. */
+	if (default_index != -1)
+	{
+		/*
+		 * The default partition accepts any value not specified in the lists
+		 * of other partitions, hence it should not get mapped index while
+		 * assigning those for non-null datums.
+		 */
+		Assert(default_index >= 0);
+		Assert((*mapping)[default_index] == -1);
+		(*mapping)[default_index] = next_index++;
+		boundinfo->default_index = (*mapping)[default_index];
+	}
+
+	/* All partition must now have been assigned canonical indexes. */
+	Assert(next_index == list_length(boundspecs));
+	return boundinfo;
+}
+
+/*
+ * create_range_bounds
+ *		Create a PartitionBoundInfo for a range partitioned table
+ */
+static PartitionBoundInfo
+create_range_bounds(List *boundspecs, PartitionKey key, int **mapping)
+{
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	PartitionRangeBound **rbounds = NULL;
+	PartitionRangeBound **all_bounds,
+			   *prev;
+	ListCell   *cell;
+	int			i,
+				k,
+				nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
+	int			ndatums = 0;
+	int			default_index = -1;
+	int			next_index = 0;
+
+	boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
+		palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
+	boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
+	/* There is no special null-accepting range partition. */
+	boundinfo->null_index = -1;
+	/* Will be set correctly below. */
+	boundinfo->default_index = -1;
+
+	all_bounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
+		palloc0(2 * nparts * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
+
+	/* Create a unified list of range bounds across all the partitions. */
+	i = ndatums = 0;
+	foreach(cell, boundspecs)
+	{
+		PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec, lfirst(cell));
+		PartitionRangeBound *lower,
+				   *upper;
+
+		if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
+			elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
+
+		/*
+		 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
+		 * partition.  There's no datum to add to the all_bounds array for
+		 * this partition.
+		 */
+		if (spec->is_default)
+		{
+			default_index = i++;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		lower = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->lowerdatums, true);
+		upper = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->upperdatums, false);
+		all_bounds[ndatums++] = lower;
+		all_bounds[ndatums++] = upper;
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	Assert(ndatums == nparts * 2 ||
+		   (default_index != -1 && ndatums == (nparts - 1) * 2));
+
+	/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
+	qsort_arg(all_bounds, ndatums,
+			  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *),
+			  qsort_partition_rbound_cmp,
+			  (void *) key);
+
+	/* Save distinct bounds from all_bounds into rbounds. */
+	rbounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
+		palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
+	k = 0;
+	prev = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+	{
+		PartitionRangeBound *cur = all_bounds[i];
+		bool		is_distinct = false;
+		int			j;
+
+		/* Is the current bound distinct from the previous one? */
+		for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
+		{
+			Datum		cmpval;
+
+			if (prev == NULL || cur->kind[j] != prev->kind[j])
+			{
+				is_distinct = true;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * If the bounds are both MINVALUE or MAXVALUE, stop now and treat
+			 * them as equal, since any values after this point must be
+			 * ignored.
+			 */
+			if (cur->kind[j] != PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
+				break;
+
+			cmpval = FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[j],
+									   key->partcollation[j],
+									   cur->datums[j],
+									   prev->datums[j]);
+			if (DatumGetInt32(cmpval) != 0)
+			{
+				is_distinct = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Only if the bound is distinct save it into a temporary array, i.e,
+		 * rbounds which is later copied into boundinfo datums array.
+		 */
+		if (is_distinct)
+			rbounds[k++] = all_bounds[i];
+
+		prev = cur;
+	}
+
+	/* Update ndatums to hold the count of distinct datums. */
+	ndatums = k;
+
+	/*
+	 * Add datums to boundinfo.  Canonical indexes are values ranging from 0
+	 * to nparts - 1, assigned in that order to each partition's upper bound.
+	 * For 'datums' elements that are lower bounds, there is -1 in the
+	 * 'indexes' array to signify that no partition exists for the values less
+	 * than such a bound and greater than or equal to the previous upper
+	 * bound.
+	 */
+	boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
+	boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
+	boundinfo->kind = (PartitionRangeDatumKind **)
+		palloc(ndatums *
+			   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind *));
+
+	/*
+	 * For range partitioning, an additional value of -1 is stored as the last
+	 * element.
+	 */
+	boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc((ndatums + 1) * sizeof(int));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
+	{
+		int			j;
+
+		boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(key->partnatts *
+												sizeof(Datum));
+		boundinfo->kind[i] = (PartitionRangeDatumKind *)
+			palloc(key->partnatts *
+				   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind));
+		for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
+		{
+			if (rbounds[i]->kind[j] == PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
+				boundinfo->datums[i][j] =
+					datumCopy(rbounds[i]->datums[j],
+							  key->parttypbyval[j],
+							  key->parttyplen[j]);
+			boundinfo->kind[i][j] = rbounds[i]->kind[j];
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * There is no mapping for invalid indexes.
+		 *
+		 * Any lower bounds in the rbounds array have invalid indexes
+		 * assigned, because the values between the previous bound (if there
+		 * is one) and this (lower) bound are not part of the range of any
+		 * existing partition.
+		 */
+		if (rbounds[i]->lower)
+			boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+		else
+		{
+			int			orig_index = rbounds[i]->index;
+
+			/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
+			if ((*mapping)[orig_index] == -1)
+				(*mapping)[orig_index] = next_index++;
+
+			boundinfo->indexes[i] = (*mapping)[orig_index];
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Set the canonical value for default_index, if any. */
+	if (default_index != -1)
+	{
+		Assert(default_index >= 0 && (*mapping)[default_index] == -1);
+		(*mapping)[default_index] = next_index++;
+		boundinfo->default_index = (*mapping)[default_index];
+	}
+
+	/* The extra -1 element. */
+	Assert(i == ndatums);
+	boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
+
+	/* All partition must now have been assigned canonical indexes. */
+	Assert(next_index == nparts);
+	return boundinfo;
+}
+
 /*
  * Are two partition bound collections logically equal?
  *
@@ -763,7 +1334,7 @@ get_hash_partition_greatest_modulus(PartitionBoundInfo bound)
  * and a flag telling whether the bound is lower or not.  Made into a function
  * because there are multiple sites that want to use this facility.
  */
-PartitionRangeBound *
+static PartitionRangeBound *
 make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index, List *datums, bool lower)
 {
 	PartitionRangeBound *bound;
@@ -819,7 +1390,7 @@ make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index, List *datums, bool lower)
  * structure, which only stores the upper bound of a common boundary between
  * two contiguous partitions.
  */
-int32
+static int32
 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 					 Oid *partcollation,
 					 Datum *datums1, PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1,
@@ -914,7 +1485,7 @@ partition_rbound_datum_cmp(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Oid *partcollation,
  *
  * Compares modulus first, then remainder if modulus is equal.
  */
-int32
+static int32
 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2, int remainder2)
 {
 	if (modulus1 < modulus2)
@@ -977,7 +1548,7 @@ partition_list_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc, Oid *partcollation,
  * *is_equal is set to true if the range bound at the returned index is equal
  * to the input range bound
  */
-int
+static int
 partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 						Oid *partcollation,
 						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
@@ -1101,6 +1672,55 @@ partition_hash_bsearch(PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
 	return lo;
 }
 
+/*
+ * qsort_partition_hbound_cmp
+ *
+ * Hash bounds are sorted by modulus, then by remainder.
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	PartitionHashBound *h1 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) a);
+	PartitionHashBound *h2 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) b);
+
+	return partition_hbound_cmp(h1->modulus, h1->remainder,
+								h2->modulus, h2->remainder);
+}
+
+/*
+ * qsort_partition_list_value_cmp
+ *
+ * Compare two list partition bound datums.
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
+{
+	Datum		val1 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) a)->value,
+				val2 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) b)->value;
+	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
+
+	return DatumGetInt32(FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[0],
+										   key->partcollation[0],
+										   val1, val2));
+}
+
+/*
+ * qsort_partition_rbound_cmp
+ *
+ * Used when sorting range bounds across all range partitions.
+ */
+static int32
+qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
+{
+	PartitionRangeBound *b1 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) a);
+	PartitionRangeBound *b2 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) b);
+	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
+
+	return partition_rbound_cmp(key->partnatts, key->partsupfunc,
+								key->partcollation, b1->datums, b1->kind,
+								b1->lower, b2);
+}
+
 /*
  * get_partition_bound_num_indexes
  *
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
index 5757301d05..020bca1f54 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/partcache.c
@@ -38,12 +38,6 @@
 
 
 static List *generate_partition_qual(Relation rel);
-static int32 qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b);
-static int32 qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
-							   void *arg);
-static int32 qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b,
-						   void *arg);
-
 
 /*
  * RelationBuildPartitionKey
@@ -260,36 +254,22 @@ RelationBuildPartitionKey(Relation relation)
 void
 RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 {
-	List	   *inhoids,
-			   *partoids;
-	Oid		   *oids = NULL;
+	PartitionDesc partdesc;
+	PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
+	List	   *inhoids;
 	List	   *boundspecs = NIL;
 	ListCell   *cell;
 	int			i,
 				nparts;
 	PartitionKey key = RelationGetPartitionKey(rel);
-	PartitionDesc result;
 	MemoryContext oldcxt;
-
-	int			ndatums = 0;
-	int			default_index = -1;
-
-	/* Hash partitioning specific */
-	PartitionHashBound **hbounds = NULL;
-
-	/* List partitioning specific */
-	PartitionListValue **all_values = NULL;
-	int			null_index = -1;
-
-	/* Range partitioning specific */
-	PartitionRangeBound **rbounds = NULL;
+	Oid		   *oids_orig;
+	int		   *mapping;
 
 	/* Get partition oids from pg_inherits */
 	inhoids = find_inheritance_children(RelationGetRelid(rel), NoLock);
 
 	/* Collect bound spec nodes in a list */
-	i = 0;
-	partoids = NIL;
 	foreach(cell, inhoids)
 	{
 		Oid			inhrelid = lfirst_oid(cell);
@@ -325,245 +305,10 @@ RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 		}
 
 		boundspecs = lappend(boundspecs, boundspec);
-		partoids = lappend_oid(partoids, inhrelid);
 		ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
 	}
 
-	nparts = list_length(partoids);
-
-	if (nparts > 0)
-	{
-		oids = (Oid *) palloc(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
-		i = 0;
-		foreach(cell, partoids)
-			oids[i++] = lfirst_oid(cell);
-
-		/* Convert from node to the internal representation */
-		if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
-		{
-			ndatums = nparts;
-			hbounds = (PartitionHashBound **)
-				palloc(nparts * sizeof(PartitionHashBound *));
-
-			i = 0;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				hbounds[i] = (PartitionHashBound *)
-					palloc(sizeof(PartitionHashBound));
-
-				hbounds[i]->modulus = spec->modulus;
-				hbounds[i]->remainder = spec->remainder;
-				hbounds[i]->index = i;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
-			qsort(hbounds, nparts, sizeof(PartitionHashBound *),
-				  qsort_partition_hbound_cmp);
-		}
-		else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
-		{
-			List	   *non_null_values = NIL;
-
-			/*
-			 * Create a unified list of non-null values across all partitions.
-			 */
-			i = 0;
-			null_index = -1;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-				ListCell   *c;
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				/*
-				 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
-				 * partition. There's no datum to add to the list of non-null
-				 * datums for this partition.
-				 */
-				if (spec->is_default)
-				{
-					default_index = i;
-					i++;
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				foreach(c, spec->listdatums)
-				{
-					Const	   *val = castNode(Const, lfirst(c));
-					PartitionListValue *list_value = NULL;
-
-					if (!val->constisnull)
-					{
-						list_value = (PartitionListValue *)
-							palloc0(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
-						list_value->index = i;
-						list_value->value = val->constvalue;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						/*
-						 * Never put a null into the values array, flag
-						 * instead for the code further down below where we
-						 * construct the actual relcache struct.
-						 */
-						if (null_index != -1)
-							elog(ERROR, "found null more than once");
-						null_index = i;
-					}
-
-					if (list_value)
-						non_null_values = lappend(non_null_values,
-												  list_value);
-				}
-
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			ndatums = list_length(non_null_values);
-
-			/*
-			 * Collect all list values in one array. Alongside the value, we
-			 * also save the index of partition the value comes from.
-			 */
-			all_values = (PartitionListValue **) palloc(ndatums *
-														sizeof(PartitionListValue *));
-			i = 0;
-			foreach(cell, non_null_values)
-			{
-				PartitionListValue *src = lfirst(cell);
-
-				all_values[i] = (PartitionListValue *)
-					palloc(sizeof(PartitionListValue));
-				all_values[i]->value = src->value;
-				all_values[i]->index = src->index;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			qsort_arg(all_values, ndatums, sizeof(PartitionListValue *),
-					  qsort_partition_list_value_cmp, (void *) key);
-		}
-		else if (key->strategy == PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
-		{
-			int			k;
-			PartitionRangeBound **all_bounds,
-					   *prev;
-
-			all_bounds = (PartitionRangeBound **) palloc0(2 * nparts *
-														  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
-
-			/*
-			 * Create a unified list of range bounds across all the
-			 * partitions.
-			 */
-			i = ndatums = 0;
-			foreach(cell, boundspecs)
-			{
-				PartitionBoundSpec *spec = castNode(PartitionBoundSpec,
-													lfirst(cell));
-				PartitionRangeBound *lower,
-						   *upper;
-
-				if (spec->strategy != PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE)
-					elog(ERROR, "invalid strategy in partition bound spec");
-
-				/*
-				 * Note the index of the partition bound spec for the default
-				 * partition. There's no datum to add to the allbounds array
-				 * for this partition.
-				 */
-				if (spec->is_default)
-				{
-					default_index = i++;
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				lower = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->lowerdatums,
-												  true);
-				upper = make_one_partition_rbound(key, i, spec->upperdatums,
-												  false);
-				all_bounds[ndatums++] = lower;
-				all_bounds[ndatums++] = upper;
-				i++;
-			}
-
-			Assert(ndatums == nparts * 2 ||
-				   (default_index != -1 && ndatums == (nparts - 1) * 2));
-
-			/* Sort all the bounds in ascending order */
-			qsort_arg(all_bounds, ndatums,
-					  sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *),
-					  qsort_partition_rbound_cmp,
-					  (void *) key);
-
-			/* Save distinct bounds from all_bounds into rbounds. */
-			rbounds = (PartitionRangeBound **)
-				palloc(ndatums * sizeof(PartitionRangeBound *));
-			k = 0;
-			prev = NULL;
-			for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-			{
-				PartitionRangeBound *cur = all_bounds[i];
-				bool		is_distinct = false;
-				int			j;
-
-				/* Is the current bound distinct from the previous one? */
-				for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
-				{
-					Datum		cmpval;
-
-					if (prev == NULL || cur->kind[j] != prev->kind[j])
-					{
-						is_distinct = true;
-						break;
-					}
-
-					/*
-					 * If the bounds are both MINVALUE or MAXVALUE, stop now
-					 * and treat them as equal, since any values after this
-					 * point must be ignored.
-					 */
-					if (cur->kind[j] != PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
-						break;
-
-					cmpval = FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[j],
-											   key->partcollation[j],
-											   cur->datums[j],
-											   prev->datums[j]);
-					if (DatumGetInt32(cmpval) != 0)
-					{
-						is_distinct = true;
-						break;
-					}
-				}
-
-				/*
-				 * Only if the bound is distinct save it into a temporary
-				 * array i.e. rbounds which is later copied into boundinfo
-				 * datums array.
-				 */
-				if (is_distinct)
-					rbounds[k++] = all_bounds[i];
-
-				prev = cur;
-			}
-
-			/* Update ndatums to hold the count of distinct datums. */
-			ndatums = k;
-		}
-		else
-			elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
-				 (int) key->strategy);
-	}
+	nparts = list_length(boundspecs);
 
 	/* Now build the actual relcache partition descriptor */
 	rel->rd_pdcxt = AllocSetContextCreate(CacheMemoryContext,
@@ -572,210 +317,41 @@ RelationBuildPartitionDesc(Relation rel)
 	MemoryContextCopyAndSetIdentifier(rel->rd_pdcxt, RelationGetRelationName(rel));
 
 	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rel->rd_pdcxt);
-
-	result = (PartitionDescData *) palloc0(sizeof(PartitionDescData));
-	result->nparts = nparts;
-	if (nparts > 0)
-	{
-		PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo;
-		int		   *mapping;
-		int			next_index = 0;
-
-		result->oids = (Oid *) palloc0(nparts * sizeof(Oid));
-
-		boundinfo = (PartitionBoundInfoData *)
-			palloc0(sizeof(PartitionBoundInfoData));
-		boundinfo->strategy = key->strategy;
-		boundinfo->default_index = -1;
-		boundinfo->ndatums = ndatums;
-		boundinfo->null_index = -1;
-		boundinfo->datums = (Datum **) palloc0(ndatums * sizeof(Datum *));
-
-		/* Initialize mapping array with invalid values */
-		mapping = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * nparts);
-		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-			mapping[i] = -1;
-
-		switch (key->strategy)
-		{
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_HASH:
-				{
-					/* Moduli are stored in ascending order */
-					int			greatest_modulus = hbounds[ndatums - 1]->modulus;
-
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(greatest_modulus *
-														sizeof(int));
-
-					for (i = 0; i < greatest_modulus; i++)
-						boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-
-					for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-					{
-						int			modulus = hbounds[i]->modulus;
-						int			remainder = hbounds[i]->remainder;
-
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(2 *
-																sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->datums[i][0] = Int32GetDatum(modulus);
-						boundinfo->datums[i][1] = Int32GetDatum(remainder);
-
-						while (remainder < greatest_modulus)
-						{
-							/* overlap? */
-							Assert(boundinfo->indexes[remainder] == -1);
-							boundinfo->indexes[remainder] = i;
-							remainder += modulus;
-						}
-
-						mapping[hbounds[i]->index] = i;
-						pfree(hbounds[i]);
-					}
-					pfree(hbounds);
-					break;
-				}
-
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_LIST:
-				{
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc(ndatums * sizeof(int));
-
-					/*
-					 * Copy values.  Indexes of individual values are mapped
-					 * to canonical values so that they match for any two list
-					 * partitioned tables with same number of partitions and
-					 * same lists per partition.  One way to canonicalize is
-					 * to assign the index in all_values[] of the smallest
-					 * value of each partition, as the index of all of the
-					 * partition's values.
-					 */
-					for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-					{
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->datums[i][0] = datumCopy(all_values[i]->value,
-															key->parttypbyval[0],
-															key->parttyplen[0]);
-
-						/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
-						if (mapping[all_values[i]->index] == -1)
-							mapping[all_values[i]->index] = next_index++;
-
-						boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[all_values[i]->index];
-					}
-
-					/*
-					 * If null-accepting partition has no mapped index yet,
-					 * assign one.  This could happen if such partition
-					 * accepts only null and hence not covered in the above
-					 * loop which only handled non-null values.
-					 */
-					if (null_index != -1)
-					{
-						Assert(null_index >= 0);
-						if (mapping[null_index] == -1)
-							mapping[null_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->null_index = mapping[null_index];
-					}
-
-					/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
-					if (default_index != -1)
-					{
-						/*
-						 * The default partition accepts any value not
-						 * specified in the lists of other partitions, hence
-						 * it should not get mapped index while assigning
-						 * those for non-null datums.
-						 */
-						Assert(default_index >= 0 &&
-							   mapping[default_index] == -1);
-						mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
-					}
-
-					/* All partition must now have a valid mapping */
-					Assert(next_index == nparts);
-					break;
-				}
-
-			case PARTITION_STRATEGY_RANGE:
-				{
-					boundinfo->kind = (PartitionRangeDatumKind **)
-						palloc(ndatums *
-							   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind *));
-					boundinfo->indexes = (int *) palloc((ndatums + 1) *
-														sizeof(int));
-
-					for (i = 0; i < ndatums; i++)
-					{
-						int			j;
-
-						boundinfo->datums[i] = (Datum *) palloc(key->partnatts *
-																sizeof(Datum));
-						boundinfo->kind[i] = (PartitionRangeDatumKind *)
-							palloc(key->partnatts *
-								   sizeof(PartitionRangeDatumKind));
-						for (j = 0; j < key->partnatts; j++)
-						{
-							if (rbounds[i]->kind[j] == PARTITION_RANGE_DATUM_VALUE)
-								boundinfo->datums[i][j] =
-									datumCopy(rbounds[i]->datums[j],
-											  key->parttypbyval[j],
-											  key->parttyplen[j]);
-							boundinfo->kind[i][j] = rbounds[i]->kind[j];
-						}
-
-						/*
-						 * There is no mapping for invalid indexes.
-						 *
-						 * Any lower bounds in the rbounds array have invalid
-						 * indexes assigned, because the values between the
-						 * previous bound (if there is one) and this (lower)
-						 * bound are not part of the range of any existing
-						 * partition.
-						 */
-						if (rbounds[i]->lower)
-							boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-						else
-						{
-							int			orig_index = rbounds[i]->index;
-
-							/* If the old index has no mapping, assign one */
-							if (mapping[orig_index] == -1)
-								mapping[orig_index] = next_index++;
-
-							boundinfo->indexes[i] = mapping[orig_index];
-						}
-					}
-
-					/* Assign mapped index for the default partition. */
-					if (default_index != -1)
-					{
-						Assert(default_index >= 0 && mapping[default_index] == -1);
-						mapping[default_index] = next_index++;
-						boundinfo->default_index = mapping[default_index];
-					}
-					boundinfo->indexes[i] = -1;
-					break;
-				}
-
-			default:
-				elog(ERROR, "unexpected partition strategy: %d",
-					 (int) key->strategy);
-		}
-
-		result->boundinfo = boundinfo;
-
-		/*
-		 * Now assign OIDs from the original array into mapped indexes of the
-		 * result array.  Order of OIDs in the former is defined by the
-		 * catalog scan that retrieved them, whereas that in the latter is
-		 * defined by canonicalized representation of the partition bounds.
-		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < nparts; i++)
-			result->oids[mapping[i]] = oids[i];
-		pfree(mapping);
-	}
+	partdesc = (PartitionDescData *) palloc0(sizeof(PartitionDescData));
+	partdesc->nparts = nparts;
+	/* oids and boundinfo are allocated below. */
 
 	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
-	rel->rd_partdesc = result;
+
+	if (nparts == 0)
+	{
+		rel->rd_partdesc = partdesc;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/* First create the PartitionBoundInfo in caller's context. */
+	boundinfo = partition_bounds_create(boundspecs, key, &mapping);
+	oids_orig = (Oid *) palloc(sizeof(Oid) * partdesc->nparts);
+	i = 0;
+	foreach(cell, inhoids)
+		oids_orig[i++] = lfirst_oid(cell);
+
+	/* Now copy boundinfo and oids into partdesc. */
+	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(rel->rd_pdcxt);
+	partdesc->boundinfo = partition_bounds_copy(boundinfo, key);
+	partdesc->oids = (Oid *) palloc(partdesc->nparts * sizeof(Oid));
+
+	/*
+	 * Now assign OIDs from the original array into mapped indexes of the
+	 * result array.  Order of OIDs in the former is defined by the catalog
+	 * scan that retrieved them, whereas that in the latter is defined by
+	 * canonicalized representation of the partition bounds.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < partdesc->nparts; i++)
+		partdesc->oids[mapping[i]] = oids_orig[i];
+	MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcxt);
+
+	rel->rd_partdesc = partdesc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -917,48 +493,3 @@ generate_partition_qual(Relation rel)
 
 	return result;
 }
-
-/*
- * qsort_partition_hbound_cmp
- *
- * We sort hash bounds by modulus, then by remainder.
- */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_hbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b)
-{
-	PartitionHashBound *h1 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) a);
-	PartitionHashBound *h2 = (*(PartitionHashBound *const *) b);
-
-	return partition_hbound_cmp(h1->modulus, h1->remainder,
-								h2->modulus, h2->remainder);
-}
-
-/*
- * qsort_partition_list_value_cmp
- *
- * Compare two list partition bound datums
- */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_list_value_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
-{
-	Datum		val1 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) a)->value,
-				val2 = (*(const PartitionListValue **) b)->value;
-	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
-
-	return DatumGetInt32(FunctionCall2Coll(&key->partsupfunc[0],
-										   key->partcollation[0],
-										   val1, val2));
-}
-
-/* Used when sorting range bounds across all range partitions */
-static int32
-qsort_partition_rbound_cmp(const void *a, const void *b, void *arg)
-{
-	PartitionRangeBound *b1 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) a);
-	PartitionRangeBound *b2 = (*(PartitionRangeBound *const *) b);
-	PartitionKey key = (PartitionKey) arg;
-
-	return partition_rbound_cmp(key->partnatts, key->partsupfunc,
-								key->partcollation, b1->datums, b1->kind,
-								b1->lower, b2);
-}
diff --git a/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h b/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
index c7535e32fc..7a697d1c0a 100644
--- a/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
+++ b/src/include/partitioning/partbounds.h
@@ -75,40 +75,14 @@ typedef struct PartitionBoundInfoData
 #define partition_bound_accepts_nulls(bi) ((bi)->null_index != -1)
 #define partition_bound_has_default(bi) ((bi)->default_index != -1)
 
-/*
- * When qsort'ing partition bounds after reading from the catalog, each bound
- * is represented with one of the following structs.
- */
-
-/* One bound of a hash partition */
-typedef struct PartitionHashBound
-{
-	int			modulus;
-	int			remainder;
-	int			index;
-} PartitionHashBound;
-
-/* One value coming from some (index'th) list partition */
-typedef struct PartitionListValue
-{
-	int			index;
-	Datum		value;
-} PartitionListValue;
-
-/* One bound of a range partition */
-typedef struct PartitionRangeBound
-{
-	int			index;
-	Datum	   *datums;			/* range bound datums */
-	PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind;	/* the kind of each datum */
-	bool		lower;			/* this is the lower (vs upper) bound */
-} PartitionRangeBound;
-
 extern int	get_hash_partition_greatest_modulus(PartitionBoundInfo b);
 extern uint64 compute_partition_hash_value(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 							 Datum *values, bool *isnull);
 extern List *get_qual_from_partbound(Relation rel, Relation parent,
 						PartitionBoundSpec *spec);
+extern PartitionBoundInfo partition_bounds_create(List *boundspecs,
+						PartitionKey key,
+						int **mapping);
 extern bool partition_bounds_equal(int partnatts, int16 *parttyplen,
 					   bool *parttypbyval, PartitionBoundInfo b1,
 					   PartitionBoundInfo b2);
@@ -120,14 +94,6 @@ extern void check_default_partition_contents(Relation parent,
 								 Relation defaultRel,
 								 PartitionBoundSpec *new_spec);
 
-extern PartitionRangeBound *make_one_partition_rbound(PartitionKey key, int index,
-						  List *datums, bool lower);
-extern int32 partition_hbound_cmp(int modulus1, int remainder1, int modulus2,
-					 int remainder2);
-extern int32 partition_rbound_cmp(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
-					 Oid *partcollation, Datum *datums1,
-					 PartitionRangeDatumKind *kind1, bool lower1,
-					 PartitionRangeBound *b2);
 extern int32 partition_rbound_datum_cmp(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 						   Oid *partcollation,
 						   Datum *rb_datums, PartitionRangeDatumKind *rb_kind,
@@ -136,10 +102,6 @@ extern int partition_list_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 					   Oid *partcollation,
 					   PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
 					   Datum value, bool *is_equal);
-extern int partition_range_bsearch(int partnatts, FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
-						Oid *partcollation,
-						PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,
-						PartitionRangeBound *probe, bool *is_equal);
 extern int partition_range_datum_bsearch(FmgrInfo *partsupfunc,
 							  Oid *partcollation,
 							  PartitionBoundInfo boundinfo,


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-13 03:40  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-13 03:40 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2018/11/13 11:34, Michael Paquier wrote:
> Attached is an updated patch.  Perhaps you are spotting something else?

Looks good to me.

Thanks,
Amit





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-13 04:04  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-13 04:04 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2018/11/13 12:40, Amit Langote wrote:
> On 2018/11/13 11:34, Michael Paquier wrote:
>> Attached is an updated patch.  Perhaps you are spotting something else?
> 
> Looks good to me.

Marked the CF entry as Ready for Committer.

Thanks,
Amit






^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-13 12:58  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2018-11-13 12:58 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

"the context that was active when the function was called" is typically
expressed simply as "the current memory context".  Perhaps the whole
phrase can be reduced to "The object returned by this function is wholly
allocated in the current memory context"?

-- 
Álvaro Herrera                https://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services




^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-13 13:35  Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 1 reply; 50+ messages in thread

From: Michael Paquier @ 2018-11-13 13:35 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Tue, Nov 13, 2018 at 09:58:08AM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> "the context that was active when the function was called" is typically
> expressed simply as "the current memory context".  Perhaps the whole
> phrase can be reduced to "The object returned by this function is wholly
> allocated in the current memory context"?

Yes, that looks cleaner.  I am planning to do a last lookup round on
tomorrow morning my time before committing, so I may still tweak a
couple of other words...
--
Michael


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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-13 13:59  Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  parent: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 2 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2018-11-13 13:59 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On 2018-Nov-13, Michael Paquier wrote:

> On Tue, Nov 13, 2018 at 09:58:08AM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> > "the context that was active when the function was called" is typically
> > expressed simply as "the current memory context".  Perhaps the whole
> > phrase can be reduced to "The object returned by this function is wholly
> > allocated in the current memory context"?
> 
> Yes, that looks cleaner.  I am planning to do a last lookup round on
> tomorrow morning my time before committing, so I may still tweak a
> couple of other words...

Cool.

I gave the patch a read and it looks reasonable to me.

Memory management in RelationBuildPartitionDesc is crummy, but I don't
think it's this patch's fault.

-- 
Álvaro Herrera                https://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services




^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-14 01:04  Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: Michael Paquier @ 2018-11-14 01:04 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; +Cc: Amit Langote <[email protected]>; pgsql-hackers

On Tue, Nov 13, 2018 at 10:59:15AM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> I gave the patch a read and it looks reasonable to me.
> 
> Memory management in RelationBuildPartitionDesc is crummy, but I don't
> think it's this patch's fault.

I agree, and that shows up pretty clearly after the refactoring is done.
The mess is partially caused by the handling around the case where there
is no partition data to attach to PartitionDescData.  I would personally
much prefer if we could also avoid using partition_bounds_copy.

It does not prevent the first refactoring step, so I have committed the
patch as it is already doing a lot.
--
Michael


Attachments:

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^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Re: move PartitionBoundInfo creation code
@ 2018-11-14 01:09  Amit Langote <[email protected]>
  parent: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
  1 sibling, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: Amit Langote @ 2018-11-14 01:09 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Michael Paquier <[email protected]>; +Cc: pgsql-hackers

Hi,

On 2018/11/13 22:59, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
> On 2018-Nov-13, Michael Paquier wrote:
> 
>> On Tue, Nov 13, 2018 at 09:58:08AM -0300, Alvaro Herrera wrote:
>>> "the context that was active when the function was called" is typically
>>> expressed simply as "the current memory context".  Perhaps the whole
>>> phrase can be reduced to "The object returned by this function is wholly
>>> allocated in the current memory context"?

Yeah, don't know why I had to put it in such convoluted manner.

>> Yes, that looks cleaner.  I am planning to do a last lookup round on
>> tomorrow morning my time before committing, so I may still tweak a
>> couple of other words...
> 
> Cool.

Thanks Michael.

> I gave the patch a read and it looks reasonable to me.
> 
> Memory management in RelationBuildPartitionDesc is crummy, but I don't
> think it's this patch's fault.

Are you perhaps referring to the discussion about partitioning cache
management we had a few months back, but decided to postpone any
development work to PG 12?  The following thread, maybe:

https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/143ed9a4-6038-76d4-9a55-502035815e68%40lab.ntt.co.jp

Thanks,
Amit





^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v32 4/6] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--ques2rolqe435p6o
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v32-0005-Polymorphic-subscripting.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v32 4/6] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--xuxpg5p32zizz4zy
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v32-0005-Polymorphic-subscripting.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v29 4/6] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 55694c4368..b8fde6af12 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8012,6 +8012,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry><structfield>typdefaultbin</structfield></entry>
       <entry><type>pg_node_tree</type></entry>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index a3046f22d0..9a4ce542ba 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -314,6 +319,7 @@
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 3da2365ea9..650e21b7e1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index 6ff8751870..d6f2f1d55f 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -600,6 +600,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular element. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  always can create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 175315f3d7..bd622f5ef3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename> corresponding.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d701631223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedures to
+  handle subscripting expressions. They must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbsdata
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedures and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--adquyx6kg5n26q6j
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v29-0005-Polymorphic-subscripting.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v30 4/6] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 34bc0d0526..328a1da6fe 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -7911,6 +7911,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry><structfield>typdefaultbin</structfield></entry>
       <entry><type>pg_node_tree</type></entry>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 9ec1af780b..057010157e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -314,6 +319,7 @@
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 3da2365ea9..650e21b7e1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index 1b6aaf0a55..189f03b41e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -600,6 +600,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular element. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  always can create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 175315f3d7..bd622f5ef3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename> corresponding.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d701631223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedures to
+  handle subscripting expressions. They must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbsdata
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedures and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--g5st7yssq7xavhfb
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v30-0005-Polymorphic-subscripting.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v31 4/6] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 9d8fa0bec3..439bee0678 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8957,6 +8957,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index c1ffb14571..5d3cf479b4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 68179f71cd..34249f8c60 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..3bffe8049b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular element. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  always can create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..ec67761c66 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename> corresponding.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d701631223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedures to
+  handle subscripting expressions. They must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbsdata
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedures and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--bvn7grlx53cj2mie
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v31-0005-Polymorphic-subscripting.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v35 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 113 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 204 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 475 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 7e99928d0c..104cea3584 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8990,6 +8990,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index e486006224..23c1764571 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 828396d4a9..3bebb34c1a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5282df0361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    // You can also store any necessary information into sbsref->refopaque
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aaac7927c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+
+	/* You can also store any necessary information into sbsref->refopaque */
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--evj76j7ekwacmcsz
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v35-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v34 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 7e99928d0c..104cea3584 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8990,6 +8990,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index e486006224..23c1764571 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 828396d4a9..3bebb34c1a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--j77abfbqdsj2lq6d
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v34-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation
@ 2019-02-01 10:47  erthalion <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: erthalion @ 2019-02-01 10:47 UTC (permalink / raw)

Supporting documentation for generalized subscripting. It includes the
description of a new field in pg_type, the new section for jsonb
documentation about subscripting feature on this data type, and also the
tutorial about how to write subscripting operator for a custom data type.

Reviewed-by: Tom Lane, Arthur Zakirov, Oleksandr Shulgin
---
 doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml        |   8 ++
 doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml          |   6 +
 doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml        |   1 +
 doc/src/sgml/json.sgml            |  39 ++++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml |  33 ++++-
 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml   | 111 +++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/Makefile             |   4 +-
 src/tutorial/subscripting.c       | 201 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tutorial/subscripting.source  |  71 +++++++++++
 9 files changed, 470 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.c
 create mode 100644 src/tutorial/subscripting.source

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index 048ff284f7..b17e9ee382 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -8971,6 +8971,14 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable>&lt;iteration count&gt;</replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
       </para></entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry><structfield>typsubshandler</structfield></entry>
+      <entry><type>regproc</type></entry>
+      <entry><literal><link linkend="catalog-pg-proc"><structname>pg_proc</structname></link>.oid</literal></entry>
+      <entry>Custom subscripting function with type-specific logic for parsing
+      and validation, or 0 if this type doesn't support subscripting.</entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
        <structfield>typdefault</structfield> <type>text</type>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 890ff97b7a..65cf5706b6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@
       operators (starting in <xref linkend="xoper"/>)
      </para>
     </listitem>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      subscripting procedure (starting in <xref linkend="xsubscripting"/>)
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
     <listitem>
      <para>
       operator classes for indexes (starting in <xref linkend="xindex"/>)
@@ -481,6 +486,7 @@ RETURNS anycompatible AS ...
   &xaggr;
   &xtypes;
   &xoper;
+  &xsubscripting;
   &xindex;
 
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
index 64b5da0070..4c3fd37fc1 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/filelist.sgml
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 <!ENTITY xplang     SYSTEM "xplang.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xoper      SYSTEM "xoper.sgml">
 <!ENTITY xtypes     SYSTEM "xtypes.sgml">
+<!ENTITY xsubscripting SYSTEM "xsubscripting.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plperl     SYSTEM "plperl.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plpython   SYSTEM "plpython.sgml">
 <!ENTITY plsql      SYSTEM "plpgsql.sgml">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
index c0a6554d4d..5c538dca05 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/json.sgml
@@ -602,6 +602,45 @@ SELECT jdoc-&gt;'guid', jdoc-&gt;'name' FROM api WHERE jdoc @&gt; '{"tags": ["qu
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="jsonb-subscripting">
+  <title><type>jsonb</type> Subscripting</title>
+  <para>
+   <type>jsonb</type> data type supports array-style subscripting expressions
+   to extract or update particular elements. It's possible to use multiple
+   subscripting expressions to extract nested values. In this case, a chain of
+   subscripting expressions follows the same rules as the
+   <literal>path</literal> argument in <literal>jsonb_set</literal> function,
+   e.g. in case of arrays it is a 0-based operation or that negative integers
+   that appear in <literal>path</literal> count from the end of JSON arrays.
+   The result of subscripting expressions is always jsonb data type. An
+   example of subscripting syntax:
+<programlisting>
+-- Extract value by key
+SELECT ('{"a": 1}'::jsonb)['a'];
+
+-- Extract nested value by key path
+SELECT ('{"a": {"b": {"c": 1}}}'::jsonb)['a']['b']['c'];
+
+-- Extract element by index
+SELECT ('[1, "2", null]'::jsonb)[1];
+
+-- Update value by key
+UPDATE table_name SET jsonb_field['key'] = 1;
+
+-- Select records using where clause with subscripting. Since the result of
+-- subscripting is jsonb and we basically want to compare two jsonb objects, we
+-- need to put the value in double quotes to be able to convert it to jsonb.
+SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE jsonb_field['key'] = '"value"';
+</programlisting>
+
+  There is no special indexing support for such kind of expressions, but you
+  can always create a functional index that includes it
+<programlisting>
+CREATE INDEX idx ON table_name ((jsonb_field['key']));
+</programlisting>
+  </para>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2>
   <title>Transforms</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 111f8e65d2..a34df4d247 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> (
     [ , ELEMENT = <replaceable class="parameter">element</replaceable> ]
     [ , DELIMITER = <replaceable class="parameter">delimiter</replaceable> ]
     [ , COLLATABLE = <replaceable class="parameter">collatable</replaceable> ]
+    [ , SUBSCRIPTING_HANDLER = <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable> ]
 )
 
 CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
@@ -196,8 +197,9 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    <replaceable class="parameter">receive_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">send_function</replaceable>,
    <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_input_function</replaceable>,
-   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable> and
-   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>
+   <replaceable class="parameter">type_modifier_output_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">analyze_function</replaceable>,
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
    are optional.  Generally these functions have to be coded in C
    or another low-level language.
   </para>
@@ -454,6 +456,22 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
    make use of the collation information; this does not happen
    automatically merely by marking the type collatable.
   </para>
+
+  <para>
+   The optional
+   <replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable>
+   contains type-specific logic for subscripting of the data type.
+   By default, there is no such function provided, which means that the data
+   type doesn't support subscripting. The subscripting function must be
+   declared to take a single argument of type <type>internal</type>, and return
+   a <type>internal</type> result. There are two examples of implementation for
+   subscripting functions in case of array
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">array_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   and jsonb
+   (<replaceable class="parameter">jsonb_subscripting_handler</replaceable>)
+   types in <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c</filename> and
+   <filename>src/backend/utils/adt/jsonfuncs.c</filename>, respectively.
+  </para>
   </refsect2>
 
   <refsect2>
@@ -769,6 +787,17 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
      </para>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
+
+   <varlistentry>
+    <term><replaceable class="parameter">subscripting_handler_function</replaceable></term>
+    <listitem>
+     <para>
+      The name of a function that returns list of type-specific callback functions to
+      support subscripting logic for the data type.
+     </para>
+    </listitem>
+   </varlistentry>
+
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7224e81fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/xsubscripting.sgml -->
+
+ <sect1 id="xsubscripting">
+  <title>User-defined subscripting procedure</title>
+
+  <indexterm zone="xsubscripting">
+    <primary>custom subscripting</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+  <para>
+  When you define a new base type, you can also specify a custom procedure to
+  handle subscripting expressions. It must contain logic for verification and
+  evaluation of this expression, i.e. fetching or updating some data in this
+  data type. For instance:
+</para>
+<programlisting><![CDATA[
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+    int first;
+    int second;
+}   Custom;
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+    SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+                                     palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+    sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+    sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+    sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+    sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+    PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+    sbsref->refelemtype = someType;
+    sbsref->refassgntype = someType;
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+                          ParseState *pstate)
+{
+    // some validation and coercion logic
+
+    return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some assignment logic
+
+    return newContainer;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+    // Some fetch logic based on sbstate
+}]]>
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    Then you can define a subscripting procedure and a custom data type:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+    RETURNS internal
+    AS '<replaceable>filename</replaceable>'
+    LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 4,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler,
+);
+</programlisting>
+
+<para>
+    and use it as usual:
+</para>
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+    data    custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
+</programlisting>
+
+
+  <para>
+   The examples of custom subscripting implementation can be found in
+   <filename>subscripting.sql</filename> and <filename>subscripting.c</filename>
+   in the <filename>src/tutorial</filename> directory of the source distribution.
+   See the <filename>README</filename> file in that directory for instructions
+   about running the examples.
+  </para>
+
+</sect1>
diff --git a/src/tutorial/Makefile b/src/tutorial/Makefile
index 16dc390f71..0ead60c2d4 100644
--- a/src/tutorial/Makefile
+++ b/src/tutorial/Makefile
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 #
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-MODULES = complex funcs
-DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql
+MODULES = complex funcs subscripting
+DATA_built = advanced.sql basics.sql complex.sql funcs.sql syscat.sql subscripting.sql
 
 ifdef NO_PGXS
 subdir = src/tutorial
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.c b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1eb8c45652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * src/tutorial/subscripting.c
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************
+  This file contains routines that can be bound to a Postgres backend and
+  called by the backend in the process of processing queries.  The calling
+  format for these routines is dictated by Postgres architecture.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "postgres.h"
+
+#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/execExpr.h"
+#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
+#include "parser/parse_coerce.h"
+#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/fmgrprotos.h"
+
+PG_MODULE_MAGIC;
+
+typedef struct Custom
+{
+	int	first;
+	int	second;
+}	Custom;
+
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref);
+SubscriptingRef * custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+											ParseState *pstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+Datum custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate);
+
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_in);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_out);
+PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(custom_subscripting_handler);
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Input/Output functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	char	*str = PG_GETARG_CSTRING(0);
+	int		firstValue,
+			secondValue;
+	Custom	*result;
+
+	if (sscanf(str, " ( %d , %d )", &firstValue, &secondValue) != 2)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TEXT_REPRESENTATION),
+				 errmsg("invalid input syntax for complex: \"%s\"",
+						str)));
+
+
+	result = (Custom *) palloc(sizeof(Custom));
+	result->first = firstValue;
+	result->second = secondValue;
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	Custom	*custom = (Custom *) PG_GETARG_POINTER(0);
+	char	*result;
+
+	result = psprintf("(%d, %d)", custom->first, custom->second);
+	PG_RETURN_CSTRING(result);
+}
+
+/*****************************************************************************
+ * Custom subscripting logic functions
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+Datum
+custom_subscripting_handler(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+	SubscriptRoutines *sbsroutines = (SubscriptRoutines *)
+									 palloc(sizeof(SubscriptRoutines));
+
+	sbsroutines->prepare = custom_subscript_prepare;
+	sbsroutines->validate = custom_subscript_validate;
+	sbsroutines->fetch = custom_subscript_fetch;
+	sbsroutines->assign = custom_subscript_assign;
+
+	PG_RETURN_POINTER(sbsroutines);
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_prepare(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref)
+{
+	sbsref->refelemtype = INT4OID;
+	sbsref->refassgntype = INT4OID;
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+SubscriptingRef *
+custom_subscript_validate(bool isAssignment, SubscriptingRef *sbsref,
+						  ParseState *pstate)
+{
+	List			   *upperIndexpr = NIL;
+	ListCell		   *l;
+
+	if (sbsref->reflowerindexpr != NIL)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+				 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+				 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						 ((Node *)lfirst(sbsref->reflowerindexpr->head))))));
+
+	foreach(l, sbsref->refupperindexpr)
+	{
+		Node *subexpr = (Node *) lfirst(l);
+
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript does not support slices"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(
+						((Node *) lfirst(sbsref->refupperindexpr->head))))));
+
+		subexpr = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+										subexpr, exprType(subexpr),
+										INT4OID, -1,
+										COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+										COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+										-1);
+		if (subexpr == NULL)
+			ereport(ERROR,
+					(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+					 errmsg("custom subscript must have integer type"),
+					 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(subexpr))));
+
+		upperIndexpr = lappend(upperIndexpr, subexpr);
+
+		if (isAssignment)
+		{
+			Node *assignExpr = (Node *) sbsref->refassgnexpr;
+			Node *new_from;
+
+			new_from = coerce_to_target_type(pstate,
+					assignExpr, exprType(assignExpr),
+					INT4OID, -1,
+					COERCION_ASSIGNMENT,
+					COERCE_IMPLICIT_CAST,
+					-1);
+			if (new_from == NULL)
+				ereport(ERROR,
+						(errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+						 errmsg("custom assignment requires int type"),
+						 errhint("You will need to rewrite or cast the expression."),
+						 parser_errposition(pstate, exprLocation(assignExpr))));
+			sbsref->refassgnexpr = (Expr *)new_from;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sbsref->refupperindexpr = upperIndexpr;
+
+	return sbsref;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_fetch(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	Custom	*container= (Custom *) containerSource;
+	int		 index;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		return (Datum) container->first;
+	else
+		return (Datum) container->second;
+}
+
+Datum
+custom_subscript_assign(Datum containerSource, SubscriptingRefState *sbstate)
+{
+	int	index;
+	Custom *container = (Custom *) containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->resnull)
+		return containerSource;
+
+	if (sbstate->numupper != 1)
+		ereport(ERROR, (errmsg("custom does not support nested subscripting")));
+
+	index = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->upperindex[0]);
+
+	if (index == 1)
+		container->first = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+	else
+		container->second = DatumGetInt32(sbstate->replacevalue);
+
+	return (Datum) container;
+}
diff --git a/src/tutorial/subscripting.source b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..837cf30612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/tutorial/subscripting.source
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+--
+-- subscripting.sql-
+--    This file shows how to create a new subscripting procedure for
+--    user-defined type.
+--
+--
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2016, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+-- Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+--
+-- src/tutorial/subscripting.source
+--
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-----------------------------
+-- Creating a new type:
+--	We are going to create a new type called 'complex' which represents
+--	complex numbers.
+--	A user-defined type must have an input and an output function, and
+--	optionally can have binary input and output functions.  All of these
+--	are usually user-defined C functions.
+-----------------------------
+
+-- Assume the user defined functions are in /home/erthalion/programms/postgresql-master/src/tutorial/complex$DLSUFFIX
+-- (we do not want to assume this is in the dynamic loader search path).
+-- Look at $PWD/complex.c for the source.  Note that we declare all of
+-- them as STRICT, so we do not need to cope with NULL inputs in the
+-- C code.  We also mark them IMMUTABLE, since they always return the
+-- same outputs given the same inputs.
+
+-- the input function 'complex_in' takes a null-terminated string (the
+-- textual representation of the type) and turns it into the internal
+-- (in memory) representation. You will get a message telling you 'complex'
+-- does not exist yet but that's okay.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_in(cstring)
+   RETURNS custom
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+-- the output function 'complex_out' takes the internal representation and
+-- converts it into the textual representation.
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_out(custom)
+   RETURNS cstring
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE FUNCTION custom_subscripting_handler(internal)
+   RETURNS internal
+   AS '_OBJWD_/subscripting'
+   LANGUAGE C IMMUTABLE STRICT;
+
+CREATE TYPE custom (
+   internallength = 8,
+   input = custom_in,
+   output = custom_out,
+   subscripting_handler = custom_subscripting_handler
+);
+
+-- we can use it in a table
+
+CREATE TABLE test_subscripting (
+	data	custom
+);
+
+INSERT INTO test_subscripting VALUES ('(1, 2)');
+
+SELECT data[0] from test_subscripting;
+
+UPDATE test_subscripting SET data[1] = 3;
-- 
2.21.0


--u66dlpg6gaevsofr
Content-Type: text/x-diff; charset=us-ascii
Content-Disposition: attachment;
 filename="v33-0005-Filling-gaps-in-jsonb-arrays.patch"



^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread

* Large Pages and Super Pages for PostgreSQL
@ 2022-01-16 05:02  DEVOPS_WwIT <[email protected]>
  0 siblings, 0 replies; 50+ messages in thread

From: DEVOPS_WwIT @ 2022-01-16 05:02 UTC (permalink / raw)
  To: pgsql-hackers; +Cc: ZHU XIAN WEN <[email protected]>

Hi Hacker

Solaris and FreeBSD supports large/super pages, and can be used 
automatically by applications.

Seems Postgres can't use the large/super pages on Solaris and FreeBSD 
os(I think can't use the large/super page HPUX and AIX), is there anyone 
could take a look?

following is my testing:


1. check OS supported large page size

-bash-4.3$ pagesize -a
4096
2097152
1073741824


2. the OS version is 5.11

-bash-4.3$ uname -a
SunOS 08a6a65f-b5a0-c159-f184-e81c379d1f5d 5.11 
hunghu-20220114T101258Z:a3282be5a8 i86pc i386 i86pc
-bash-4.3$


3. PostgreSQL shared buffers is 11G

-bash-4.3$ grep -i shared_buffer postgresql.conf
shared_buffers = 11GB            # min 128kB


4. checked on Solaris OS, all of the memory are 4k page for PostgreSQL , 
had not use 2M or 1G page size

-bash-4.3$ cat postmaster.pid |head -n 1
31637
-bash-4.3$ pmap -sxa 31637
31637:    /opt/local/bin/postgres
          Address     Kbytes        RSS       Anon     Locked Pgsz 
Mode   Mapped File
0000000000400000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000401000        872         28          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000004DB000         84         84          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000004F0000        184         24          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000051E000        248        248          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000055C000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000055E000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000560000         16         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000564000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000565000         20         20          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000056A000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000056B000         24         24          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000571000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000573000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000574000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000578000         24          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000057E000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000057F000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000581000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000583000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000584000        188        188          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000005B3000         84         28          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000005C8000         24         24          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000005CE000         76         40          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000005E1000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000005E2000        368        280          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000063E000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000063F000         80         36          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000653000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000656000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000658000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000659000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000065C000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000065E000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000065F000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000660000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000663000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000665000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000668000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000669000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000066A000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000066C000         32         32          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000674000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000675000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000676000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000677000        156        156          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000069E000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000069F000        416        396          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000707000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000708000         32         32          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000710000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000711000        396        280          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000774000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000775000         96         68          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000078D000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000790000        364        352          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000007EB000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000007EF000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000007F0000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000007F4000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000007F5000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000007F6000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000007F8000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000007F9000         76         64          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000080C000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000080D000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000080E000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000080F000        504        436          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000088D000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000088F000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000891000         20         20          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000896000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000899000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000089A000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000089C000         28         28          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008A3000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008A4000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008A5000         68         68          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008B6000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008B7000         16         16          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008BB000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008BC000         92         68          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008D3000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008D5000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008D8000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008D9000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008DC000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008DD000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008DF000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008E0000         80         76          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008F4000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008F5000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008F8000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008F9000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008FA000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000008FB000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000008FD000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000901000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000903000         24         24          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000909000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000090C000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000090D000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000090E000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000910000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000913000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000914000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000916000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000918000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000919000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000091D000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000091E000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000920000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000921000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000923000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000924000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000925000         24         24          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000092B000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000092C000         96         64          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000944000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000945000        104         96          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000095F000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000960000         28         28          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000967000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000968000         24         24          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
000000000096E000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
000000000096F000        480        260          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
00000000009E7000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
00000000009E8000        232        148          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A22000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A23000        140         60          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A46000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A48000        140        112          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A6B000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A6C000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A6F000         24         24          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A75000         32         32          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A7D000         20         20          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A82000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A83000         40         40          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A8D000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A8F000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A93000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A94000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A95000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A96000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A99000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A9C000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000A9E000         64         64          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000AAE000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000AAF000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000AB1000         20         20          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000AB6000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000AB7000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000ABA000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000ABB000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000ABE000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000AC1000         24         24          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000AC7000         76         72          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000ADA000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000ADB000        824        752          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BA9000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BAA000         60         60          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BB9000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BBB000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BBC000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BBD000         52         20          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BCA000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BCB000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BCC000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BCE000         36         36          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BD7000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BD8000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BDA000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BDB000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BDC000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BDD000         88         36          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BF3000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000BF4000         72         68          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C06000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C07000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C0A000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C0D000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C0E000         20         20          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C13000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C14000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C16000         96         96          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C2E000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C2F000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C31000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C33000        164         24          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C5C000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C5D000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C5E000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C5F000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C60000         44         44          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C6B000         16         16          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C6F000         20         20          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C74000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C75000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C78000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C79000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C7B000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C7D000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C7E000         20          4          -          -    - r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C83000         20         20          -          -   4K r-x--  
postgres
0000000000C97000         72         72          4          -   4K rw---  
postgres
0000000000CA9000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
postgres
0000000000CAA000          4          -          -          -    - rw---  
postgres
0000000000CAB000         24         24          4          -   4K rw---  
postgres
0000000000CB1000          4          -          -          -    - rw---  
postgres
0000000000CB2000          8          8          -          -   4K rw---  
postgres
0000000000CB4000        140          -          -          -    - rw---  
postgres
0000000000CD7000        856        856          8          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DAD000          4          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DAE000          8          8          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DB0000          4          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DB1000         48         48          4          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DBD000         16          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DC1000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DC2000         20          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DC7000         60         60          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DD6000          4          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DD7000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DD8000          4          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DD9000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DDA000          4          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DDB000         24         24          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DE1000         12          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DE4000         52         52          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DF1000         48          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DFD000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000DFE000         12          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000E01000         20         20          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000E06000          4          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000E07000         12         12          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000E0A000         24          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000E10000         20         20          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000E15000          4          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000E16000         24         24          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ heap ]
0000000000E1C000         48          -          -          -    - 
rw---    [ heap ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC2027000         20         20         20          -   4K 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC202C000       2048         24          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC222C000          4          4          4          -   4K 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC222D000        124          -          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC224C000          8          8          8          -   4K 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC224E000        252          8          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC228D000          8          8          8          -   4K 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC228F000         60          8          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC229F000        124          -          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC22BE000      90196      90196      90196          -   4K 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFCC7AD3000   11534332        752          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFF890D3000      28156          -          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFF8F369000         12          -          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFF8F36C000      56752      56752      56752          -   4K 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFF92AD8000         28          -          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFA2507000       3216          -          -          -    - 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFA282B000      20600      20600      20600          -   4K 
rw-s-    [ anon ]
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rw-s-    [ anon ]
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libsasl2.so.3.0.0
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libsasl2.so.3.0.0
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libgcc_s.so.1
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libgssapi_krb5.so.2.0.2
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libgssapi_krb5.so.2.0.2
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libssl.so.1.1
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libssl.so.1.1
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libssl.so.1.1
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libssl.so.1.1
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libssl.so.1.1
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libssl.so.1.1
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libssl.so.1.1
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
FFFFFAFFE9E11000        152         28          -          -    - r-x--  
libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
FFFFFAFFE9E42000         48         48          -          -   4K r-x--  
libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
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libxml2.so.2.9.12
FFFFFAFFED1D0000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libresolv.so.2
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libresolv.so.2
FFFFFAFFED1DC000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
libresolv.so.2
FFFFFAFFED1DE000         16         16          -          -    - r-x--  
libresolv.so.2
FFFFFAFFED1E2000         48         48          -          -   4K r-x--  
libresolv.so.2
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libresolv.so.2
FFFFFAFFED228000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
libresolv.so.2
FFFFFAFFED22A000         12          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libresolv.so.2
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libresolv.so.2
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libresolv.so.2
FFFFFAFFED53D000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libdl.so.1
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librt.so.1
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libpam.so.1
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libpam.so.1
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libpam.so.1
FFFFFAFFEDB1A000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libpam.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE18F000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libdoor.so.1
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libmp.so.2
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libmp.so.2
FFFFFAFFEE504000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libmp.so.2
FFFFFAFFEE515000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libmp.so.2
FFFFFAFFEE520000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
libmd.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE524000         44         44          -          -    - r-x--  
libmd.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE52F000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
libmd.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE541000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libmd.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE750000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
libgen.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE754000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
libgen.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE757000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libgen.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE768000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libgen.so.1
FFFFFAFFEE8D5000          4          4          -          -   4K rw-s-  
.SHMDPostgreSQL.2755784308
FFFFFAFFEE8D6000       1956          -          -          -    - rw-s-  
.SHMDPostgreSQL.2755784308
FFFFFAFFEEAC0000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEAC1000         72         72          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEAD3000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEAD6000         16         16          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEADA000         88         88          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEAF0000         32          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEAF8000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEAF9000          4          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEAFA000         32         32          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB02000          8          4          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB04000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB06000         48          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB12000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB13000         40          4          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB1D000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB1E000          4          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB1F000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB20000        132         20          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB41000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB42000         12          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB45000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB46000          8          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB48000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB5B000         12         12          -          -   4K rw---  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB5E000          4          -          -          -    - rw---  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB5F000         20         20          -          -   4K rw---  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB64000          4          -          -          -    - rw---  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEB65000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libnsl.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEC4D000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
libpthread.so.1
FFFFFAFFEED30000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libsocket.so.1
FFFFFAFFEED31000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
libsocket.so.1
FFFFFAFFEED32000         36         36          -          -   4K r-x--  
libsocket.so.1
FFFFFAFFEED3B000         20         20          -          -    - r-x--  
libsocket.so.1
FFFFFAFFEED40000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
libsocket.so.1
FFFFFAFFEED52000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libsocket.so.1
FFFFFAFFEED70000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED71000         28          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED78000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED79000         28          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED90000         12         12          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED93000          4          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED94000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED95000          4          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED96000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED97000          4          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED98000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED99000          4          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED9A000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED9B000          4          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED9C000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED9D000          4          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED9E000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEED9F000          4          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEDB0000         64         64          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEDD0000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEDD1000         24         24          -          -    - r-x--  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEDD7000         12         12          -          -   4K r-x--  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEDDA000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEDDD000         44         44          -          -   4K r-x--  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEDE8000        168         16          -          -    - r-x--  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEE12000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEE14000        104         16          -          -    - r-x--  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEE3E000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEE3F000         12         12          -          -    - rw---  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEE42000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libm.so.2
FFFFFAFFEEE60000          4          4          4          4   4K 
rwxsR    [ ism shmid=0x8 ]
FFFFFAFFEEE70000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEE80000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEE90000         64         64          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEEB0000          4          4          4          -   4K 
rwxs-    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEEC0000         12         12          8          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEEC3000          4          -          -          -    - 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEEC4000          8          8          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEED0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEEE0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEEF0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEF00000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEF10000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEEF20000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEF21000        168        168          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEF4B000         32         32          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEF53000        112        112          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEF6F000        120        120          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEF8D000         12         12          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEF90000         40         40          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEF9A000          4          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEF9B000         76         76          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFAE000         20          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFB3000         36         36          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFBC000          4          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFBD000         40         40          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFC7000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFC8000         24         24          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFCE000         12          8          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFD1000         32         32          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFD9000          8          8          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFDB000         28         28          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFE2000         28         16          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFE9000         80         80          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEEFFD000         72         56          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF00F000         36         36          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF018000          4          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF019000         20         20          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF01E000         12          4          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF021000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF022000          4          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF023000        120        120          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF041000         20          4          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF046000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF04A000         28         12          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF051000         20         20          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF056000        292          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF09F000         16         16          -          -   4K r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF0A3000          8          -          -          -    - r-x--  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF0B5000         48         48          8          -   4K rw---  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF0C1000          4          4          -          -   4K rw---  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF0C2000          4          -          -          -    - rw---  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF0C3000          8          8          -          -   4K rw---  
libc.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF0D0000        484        484          -          -   4K r-x--  
libumem.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF159000        136        136          -          -   4K rw---  
libumem.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF17B000          4          -          -          -    - rw---  
libumem.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF17C000         48         48          -          -   4K rw---  
libumem.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF1A0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF1B0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF1C0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF1D0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF1E0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF1F0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF200000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF210000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF220000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF230000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF240000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF250000          4          4          4          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF260000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF270000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF280000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF290000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF2A0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF2B0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF2C0000          4          4          4          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF2D0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF2E0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF2F0000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF300000          4          4          4          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF310000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF320000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF330000          4          4          -          -   4K r--s-  
ld.config
FFFFFAFFEF340000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF350000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF360000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF370000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rw---    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF380000          4          4          -          -   4K 
rwx--    [ anon ]
FFFFFAFFEF390000          4          4          -          -   4K r--s-
FFFFFAFFEF396000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF397000         28         28          -          -    - r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF39E000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF39F000         28         28          -          -    - r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3A6000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3A8000          4          4          -          -    - r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3A9000        160        160          -          -   4K r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3D1000         16          4          -          -    - r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3D5000          4          4          -          -   4K r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3D6000          4          -          -          -    - r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3D7000         56         56          -          -   4K r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3E5000          8          -          -          -    - r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3E7000          8          8          -          -   4K r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3E9000          4          -          -          -    - r-x--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3FA000         12         12          8          -   4K rwx--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFEF3FD000          8          8          4          -   4K rwx--  
ld.so.1
FFFFFAFFFFDF6000         40         40         24          -   4K 
rw---    [ stack ]
---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
         total Kb   12334612     602860     587164          4
-bash-4.3$









^ permalink  raw  reply  [nested|flat] 50+ messages in thread


end of thread, other threads:[~2022-01-16 05:02 UTC | newest]

Thread overview: 50+ messages (download: mbox mbox.gz follow: Atom feed)
-- links below jump to the message on this page --
2018-11-01 03:58 move PartitionBoundInfo creation code Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-01 04:02 ` Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2018-11-01 04:03   ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-05 07:21     ` Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2018-11-07 06:34       ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-07 07:37         ` Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2018-11-07 15:04           ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2018-11-08 02:48             ` Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2018-11-08 03:59               ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-08 06:11                 ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-12 13:55                   ` Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2018-11-13 01:34                     ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-13 02:34                       ` Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2018-11-13 03:40                         ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-13 04:04                           ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-13 12:58                         ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2018-11-13 13:35                           ` Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2018-11-13 13:59                             ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2018-11-14 01:04                               ` Michael Paquier <[email protected]>
2018-11-14 01:09                               ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-08 04:31             ` Amit Langote <[email protected]>
2018-11-08 13:30               ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v32 4/6] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v31 4/6] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v32 4/6] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v30 4/6] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v34 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v29 4/6] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v35 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2019-02-01 10:47 [PATCH v33 4/5] Subscripting documentation erthalion <[email protected]>
2022-01-16 05:02 Large Pages and Super Pages for PostgreSQL DEVOPS_WwIT <[email protected]>

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