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* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-13 10:01 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-13 10:01 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 109 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 97 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/matview.c | 3 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 162 +++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 170 +++++-
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 102 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/builtins.h | 3 +-
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 627 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
26 files changed, 1844 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index ea222c0464..2a9ecd40d4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..fc47ac94de 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,115 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis> (EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers </emphasis>
+ );
+ </programlisting>
+
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+ );
+
+ CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+ );
+
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+ INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+ INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+ </programlisting>
+
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 569f4c9da7..1654c9a95e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1059,6 +1059,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1122,7 +1134,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1132,6 +1145,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1143,6 +1157,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1158,6 +1173,73 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int4[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+ <programlisting>
+ CREATE TABLE pktableforarray ( ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+ CREATE TABLE fktableforarray ( ftest1 int2[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+ </programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2305,6 +2387,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 1cb9172a5f..a0c24a8c8e 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2053,6 +2053,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/matview.c b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
index c5c25ce11d..856b2b6775 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/matview.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/matview.c
@@ -764,7 +764,8 @@ refresh_by_match_merge(Oid matviewOid, Oid tempOid, Oid relowner,
generate_operator_clause(&querybuf,
leftop, attrtype,
op,
- rightop, attrtype);
+ rightop, attrtype,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
foundUniqueIndex = true;
}
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 420991e315..e2a8f2791c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -447,12 +447,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8486,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8493,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_array;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8584,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8595,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_array = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_array)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_array = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_array)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8708,6 +8760,78 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ Oid elemopclass;
+
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+
+ /*
+ * For the moment, we must also insist that the array's element
+ * type have a default btree opclass that is in the index's
+ * opfamily. This is necessary because ri_triggers.c relies on
+ * COUNT(DISTINCT x) on the element type, as well as on array_eq()
+ * on the array type, and we need those operations to have the
+ * same notion of equality that we're using otherwise.
+ *
+ * XXX this restriction is pretty annoying, considering the effort
+ * that's been put into the rest of the RI mechanisms to make them
+ * work with nondefault equality operators. In particular, it
+ * means that the cast-to-PK-datatype code path isn't useful for
+ * array-to-scalar references.
+ */
+ elemopclass = GetDefaultOpClass(fktype, BTREE_AM_OID);
+ if (!OidIsValid(elemopclass) ||
+ get_opclass_family(elemopclass) != opfamily)
+ {
+ /* Get the index opclass's name for the error message. */
+ char *opcname;
+
+ cla_ht = SearchSysCache1(CLAOID,
+ ObjectIdGetDatum(opclasses[i]));
+ if (!HeapTupleIsValid(cla_ht))
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for opclass %u",
+ opclasses[i]);
+ cla_tup = (Form_pg_opclass) GETSTRUCT(cla_ht);
+ opcname = pstrdup(NameStr(cla_tup->opcname));
+ ReleaseSysCache(cla_ht);
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_DATATYPE_MISMATCH),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has element type %s which does not have a default btree operator class that's compatible with class \"%s\".",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktype),
+ opcname)));
+ }
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8807,6 +8931,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8866,6 +8997,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8878,6 +9010,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8921,7 +9054,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8991,6 +9124,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9076,7 +9210,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9125,7 +9259,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9259,6 +9393,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9294,6 +9429,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9402,6 +9538,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9434,8 +9571,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9478,6 +9615,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9548,6 +9686,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9582,7 +9721,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9661,6 +9801,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9699,6 +9840,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 2d687f6dfb..4c6d3b63bf 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -809,6 +809,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index 65bbc18ecb..0d5bf91439 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3011,6 +3011,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index f5dcedf6e8..0c582bb3f7 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3630,6 +3630,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index dd72a9fc3c..78b63298db 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15321,6 +15364,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15857,6 +15901,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16876,6 +16921,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index b31f3afa03..ccef8c8e0b 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -789,6 +789,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 6e3a41062f..9e19df8403 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -108,9 +108,11 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
char confupdtype; /* foreign key's ON UPDATE action */
char confdeltype; /* foreign key's ON DELETE action */
char confmatchtype; /* foreign key's match type */
+ bool has_array; /* true if any reftype is EACH_ELEMENT */
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ static void ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
static void ri_GenerateQualCollation(StringInfo buf, Oid collation);
static int ri_NullCheck(TupleDesc tupdesc, TupleTableSlot *slot,
const RI_ConstraintInfo *riinfo, bool rel_is_pk);
@@ -342,6 +345,7 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
if ((qplan = ri_FetchPreparedPlan(&qkey)) == NULL)
{
StringInfoData querybuf;
+ StringInfoData countbuf;
char pkrelname[MAX_QUOTED_REL_NAME_LEN];
char attname[MAX_QUOTED_NAME_LEN];
char paramname[16];
@@ -355,6 +359,14 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
* FOR KEY SHARE OF x
* The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
* corresponding FK attributes.
+ *
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, the previous query is used
+ * to count the number of matching rows and see if every combination
+ * is actually referenced.
+ * The wrapping query is
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE
+ * (SELECT count(DISTINCT y) FROM unnest($1) y)
+ * = (SELECT count(*) FROM (<QUERY>) z)
* ----------
*/
initStringInfo(&querybuf);
@@ -364,6 +376,13 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
pk_only, pkrelname);
querysep = "WHERE";
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ initStringInfo(&countbuf);
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE ");
+ }
+
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
@@ -372,18 +391,44 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
quoteOneName(attname,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+
+ /*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT foreign key, we check that each
+ * distinct non-null value in the array is present in the PK
+ * table.
+ */
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ "(SELECT pg_catalog.count(DISTINCT y) FROM pg_catalog.unnest(%s) y)",
+ paramname);
+
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
+ paramname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = fk_type;
}
appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&countbuf,
+ " OPERATOR(pg_catalog.=) (SELECT pg_catalog.count(*) FROM (%s) z)",
+ querybuf.data);
+
+ /* Prepare and save the plan for Array Element Foreign Keys */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(countbuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+
+ }
}
/*
@@ -502,7 +547,8 @@ ri_Check_Pk_Match(Relation pk_rel, Relation fk_rel,
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
attname, pk_type,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, pk_type);
+ paramname, pk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
querysep = "AND";
queryoids[i] = pk_type;
}
@@ -692,7 +738,8 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -798,7 +845,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = "AND";
@@ -917,7 +965,8 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1097,7 +1146,8 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- attname, fk_type);
+ attname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
querysep = ",";
@@ -1370,6 +1420,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1387,13 +1445,35 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
- fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ if (riinfo->has_array)
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM ONLY %s fk", fkrelname);
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] != FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ continue;
+
+ quoteOneName(fkattname,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s) a (e)",
+ fkattname);
+ }
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN ONLY %s pk ON",
+ pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1404,15 +1484,23 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "a.e";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type,
+ FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1428,10 +1516,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sa.e IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1647,7 +1740,8 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ fkattname, fk_type,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i]);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1832,11 +1926,12 @@ ri_GenerateQual(StringInfo buf,
const char *sep,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
appendStringInfo(buf, " %s ", sep);
generate_operator_clause(buf, leftop, leftoptype, opoid,
- rightop, rightoptype);
+ rightop, rightoptype, fkreftype);
}
/*
@@ -2066,7 +2161,26 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
+
+ /*
+ * Fix up some stuff for Array Element Foreign Keys. We need a has_array
+ * flag indicating whether there's an array foreign key, and we want to
+ * set ff_eq_oprs[i] to array_eq() for array columns, because that's what
+ * makes sense for ri_KeysEqual, and we have no other use for ff_eq_oprs
+ * in this module. (If we did, substituting the array comparator at the
+ * call point in ri_KeysEqual might be more appropriate.)
+ */
+ riinfo->has_array = false;
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ riinfo->has_array = true;
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs[i] = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+ }
+ }
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 4a9244f4f6..f6a2a0c402 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
@@ -11391,16 +11465,24 @@ void
generate_operator_clause(StringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype)
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype)
{
HeapTuple opertup;
Form_pg_operator operform;
char *oprname;
char *nspname;
+ Oid oproid;
+
+ /* Override operator with <<@ in case of FK array */
+ if(fkreftype == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ oproid = OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP;
+ else
+ oproid = opoid;
- opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(opoid));
+ opertup = SearchSysCache1(OPEROID, ObjectIdGetDatum(oproid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(opertup))
- elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", opoid);
+ elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for operator %u", oproid);
operform = (Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(opertup);
Assert(operform->oprkind == 'b');
oprname = NameStr(operform->oprname);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/include/utils/builtins.h b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
index 27d2f2ffb3..36d36d57b7 100644
--- a/src/include/utils/builtins.h
+++ b/src/include/utils/builtins.h
@@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ extern char *quote_qualified_identifier(const char *qualifier,
extern void generate_operator_clause(fmStringInfo buf,
const char *leftop, Oid leftoptype,
Oid opoid,
- const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype);
+ const char *rightop, Oid rightoptype,
+ char fkreftype);
/* varchar.c */
extern int bpchartruelen(char *s, int len);
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc4a01233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ QUERY PLAN
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ Bitmap Heap Scan on fktableforarraygin
+ Recheck Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+ -> Bitmap Index Scan on fktableforarraygin_ftest1_idx
+ Index Cond: (ftest1 @>> 5)
+(4 rows)
+
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ ftest1
+-------------
+ {5}
+ {3,5,2,5}
+ {3,5,4,1,3}
+ {5,1}
+ {3,4,5,3}
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 12bb67e491..62443a5ede 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 59b416fd80..603cc92a51 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -139,6 +139,7 @@ test: tsrf
test: tid
test: tidscan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17f378cb95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SET enable_seqscan=off; -- to ensure GIN index is used
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+SELECT ftest1 FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.17.0
--opg8F0UgoHELSI+9--
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
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name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
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^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
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filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems
@ 2021-03-15 15:10 Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Mark Rofail @ 2021-03-15 15:10 UTC (permalink / raw)
---
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 16 +
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 105 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 113 +++-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 1 +
src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c | 36 +-
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 126 ++++-
src/backend/commands/trigger.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/typecmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 73 ++-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 2 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c | 194 +++++--
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 88 +++-
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h | 14 +-
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 5 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out | 625 +++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 2 +-
src/test/regress/serial_schedule | 1 +
src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql | 475 +++++++++++++++++
24 files changed, 1808 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
index b1de6d0674..e8be7a0229 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml
@@ -2646,6 +2646,16 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</para></entry>
</row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><structfield>confreftype</structfield></entry>
+ <entry><type>char[]</type></entry>
+ <entry></entry>
+ <entry>If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column:
+ <literal>p</literal> = plain (simple equality),
+ <literal>e</literal> = each element of referencing array must have a match
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+
<row>
<entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
<structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> <type>oid[]</type>
@@ -2701,6 +2711,12 @@ SCRAM-SHA-256$<replaceable><iteration count></replaceable>:<replaceable>&l
</tgroup>
</table>
+ <para>
+ When <structfield>confreftype</structfield> indicates array to scalar
+ foreign key reference semantics, the equality operators listed in
+ <structfield>conpfeqop</structfield> etc are for the array's element type.
+ </para>
+
<para>
In the case of an exclusion constraint, <structfield>conkey</structfield>
is only useful for constraint elements that are simple column references.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 422c1180ba..19ddcf1c52 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -1079,6 +1079,111 @@ CREATE TABLE order_items (
</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="ddl-constraints-element-fk">
+ <title>Array Element Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>Array Element Foreign Keys</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>ELEMENT foreign key</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>Array ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>constraint</primary>
+ <secondary>ELEMENT foreign key</secondary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <indexterm>
+ <primary>referential integrity</primary>
+ </indexterm>
+
+ <para>
+ Another option you have with foreign keys is to use a referencing column
+ which is an array of elements with the same type (or a compatible one) as
+ the referenced column in the related table. This feature is called
+ <firstterm>Array Element Foreign Keys</firstterm> and is implemented in PostgreSQL
+ with <firstterm>EACH ELEMENT OF foreign key constraints</firstterm>, as
+ described in the following example:
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE drivers (
+ driver_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ first_name text,
+ last_name text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE racing (
+ race_id integer PRIMARY KEY,
+ title text,
+ race_day date,
+ final_positions integer[],
+ FOREIGN KEY <emphasis>(EACH ELEMENT OF final_positions) REFERENCES drivers</emphasis>
+);
+</programlisting>
+ The above example uses an array (<literal>final_positions</literal>) to
+ store the results of a race: for each of its elements a referential
+ integrity check is enforced on the <literal>drivers</literal> table. Note
+ that <literal>(EACH ELEMENT OF ...) REFERENCES</literal> is an extension of
+ PostgreSQL and it is not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We currently only support the table constraint form.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even though the most common use case for Array Element Foreign Keys constraint is on
+ a single column key, you can define an Array Element Foreign Keys constraint on a
+ group of columns.
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE available_moves (
+ kind text,
+ move text,
+ description text,
+ PRIMARY KEY (kind, move)
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE paths (
+ description text,
+ kind text,
+ moves text[],
+ <emphasis>FOREIGN KEY (kind, EACH ELEMENT OF moves) REFERENCES available_moves (kind, move)</emphasis>
+);
+
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'LN', 'look north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RL', 'rotate left');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'RR', 'rotate right');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('relative', 'MF', 'move forward');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'N', 'move north');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'S', 'move south');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'E', 'move east');
+INSERT INTO available_moves VALUES ('absolute', 'W', 'move west');
+
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'relative', '{LN, RL, MF, RR, MF, MF}');
+INSERT INTO paths VALUES ('L-shaped path', 'absolute', '{W, N, N}');
+</programlisting>
+ In addition to standard foreign key requirements, array
+ <literal>ELEMENT</literal> foreign key constraints require that the
+ referencing column is an array of a compatible type to the corresponding
+ referenced column.
+
+ Note that we currently only support one array reference per foreign key.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For more detailed information on Array Element Foreign Keys options and special
+ cases, please refer to the documentation for
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-foreign-key"/> and
+ <xref linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/>.
+ </para>
+ </sect2>
+
<sect2 id="ddl-constraints-exclusion">
<title>Exclusion Constraints</title>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
index 71703da85a..ac18c53578 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml
@@ -1032,10 +1032,10 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-foreign-key" xreflabel="FOREIGN KEY">
<term><literal>REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
- <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
+ <term><literal>FOREIGN KEY ( [EACH ELEMENT OF] <replaceable class="parameter">column_name</replaceable> [, ... ] )
REFERENCES <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> [, ... ] ) ]
[ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ]
[ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">referential_action</replaceable> ]
@@ -1060,6 +1060,18 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
tables and permanent tables.
</para>
+ <para>
+ In case the column name <replaceable class="parameter">column</replaceable> is
+ prepended with the <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF</literal> keyword and <replaceable
+ class="parameter">column</replaceable> is an array of elements compatible with
+ the corresponding <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> in
+ <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>, an Array Element Foreign Key
+ constraint is put in place (see <xref
+ linkend="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints"/> for more
+ information). Multi-column keys with more than one <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> column are currently not allowed.
+ </para>
+
<para>
A value inserted into the referencing column(s) is matched against the
values of the referenced table and referenced columns using the
@@ -1123,7 +1135,8 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<para>
Delete any rows referencing the deleted row, or update the
values of the referencing column(s) to the new values of the
- referenced columns, respectively.
+ referenced columns, respectively.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1133,6 +1146,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
<listitem>
<para>
Set the referencing column(s) to null.
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1144,6 +1158,7 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
Set the referencing column(s) to their default values.
(There must be a row in the referenced table matching the default
values, if they are not null, or the operation will fail.)
+ Currently not supported with Array Element Foreign Keys.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
@@ -1159,6 +1174,89 @@ WITH ( MODULUS <replaceable class="parameter">numeric_literal</replaceable>, REM
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry id="sql-createtable-element-foreign-key-constraints" xreflabel="Array ELEMENT Foreign Keys">
+ <term><literal>EACH ELEMENT OF <replaceable class="parameter">reftable</replaceable> [ ( <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> ) ] [ MATCH <replaceable class="parameter">matchtype</replaceable> ] [ ON DELETE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ] [ ON UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">action</replaceable> ]</literal> (column constraint)</term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <literal>EACH ELEMENT OF REFERENCES</literal> definition specifies an
+ <quote>Array Element Foreign Key</quote>, a special kind of foreign key constraint
+ requiring the referencing column to be an array of elements of the same type (or
+ a compatible one) as the referenced column in the referenced table. The value of
+ each element of the <replaceable class="parameter">refcolumn</replaceable> array
+ will be matched against some row of <replaceable
+ class="parameter">reftable</replaceable>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Array Element Foreign Keys are an extension of PostgreSQL and are not included in the SQL standard.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even with Array Element Foreign Keys, modifications in the referenced column can trigger
+ actions to be performed on the referencing array. Similarly to standard foreign
+ keys, you can specify these actions using the <literal>ON DELETE</literal> and
+ <literal>ON UPDATE</literal> clauses. However, only the following actions for
+ each clause are currently allowed:
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints. This is the default action.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><literal>ON UPDATE/DELETE RESTRICT</literal></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Same as standard foreign key constraints.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ It is advisable to index the referencing column using a GIN index as it
+ considerably enhances the performance. Also concerning coercion while using the
+ GIN index:
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int2 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int4[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ This syntax is fine since it will cast ptest1 to int4 upon RI checks,
+
+<programlisting>
+CREATE TABLE pktableforarray (
+ ptest1 int4 PRIMARY KEY,
+ ptest2 text
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE fktableforarray (
+ ftest1 int2[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES pktableforarray,
+ ftest2 int
+);
+</programlisting>
+ however, this syntax will cast ftest1 to int4 upon RI checks, thus defeating the
+ purpose of the index.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><literal>DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
<term><literal>NOT DEFERRABLE</literal></term>
@@ -2306,6 +2404,15 @@ CREATE TABLE cities_partdef
</para>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title id="sql-createtable-foreign-key-arrays">Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Array <literal>ELEMENT</literal> Foreign Keys and the <literal>EACH ELEMENT
+ OF</literal> clause are a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> extension.
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title><literal>PARTITION BY</literal> Clause</title>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
index 9abc4a1f55..a9e2ab33b0 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/heap.c
@@ -2463,6 +2463,7 @@ StoreRelCheck(Relation rel, const char *ccname, Node *expr,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/index.c b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
index 4ef61b5efd..c315142733 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/index.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/index.c
@@ -2110,6 +2110,7 @@ index_constraint_create(Relation heapRelation,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
index 0081558c48..be1fc54a35 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/pg_constraint.c
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Datum values[Natts_pg_constraint];
ArrayType *conkeyArray;
ArrayType *confkeyArray;
+ ArrayType *confreftypeArray;
ArrayType *conpfeqopArray;
ArrayType *conppeqopArray;
ArrayType *conffeqopArray;
@@ -123,7 +125,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = Int16GetDatum(foreignKey[i]);
confkeyArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
- INT2OID, 2, true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, TYPALIGN_SHORT);
+ for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
+ fkdatums[i] = CharGetDatum(foreignRefType[i]);
+ confreftypeArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, TYPALIGN_CHAR);
for (i = 0; i < foreignNKeys; i++)
fkdatums[i] = ObjectIdGetDatum(pfEqOp[i]);
conpfeqopArray = construct_array(fkdatums, foreignNKeys,
@@ -140,6 +146,7 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
{
confkeyArray = NULL;
+ confreftypeArray = NULL;
conpfeqopArray = NULL;
conppeqopArray = NULL;
conffeqopArray = NULL;
@@ -196,6 +203,11 @@ CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
else
nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confkey - 1] = true;
+ if (confreftypeArray)
+ values[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = PointerGetDatum(confreftypeArray);
+ else
+ nulls[Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype - 1] = true;
+
if (conpfeqopArray)
values[Anum_pg_constraint_conpfeqop - 1] = PointerGetDatum(conpfeqopArray);
else
@@ -1163,7 +1175,8 @@ get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk, Oid *constraintOid)
void
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs)
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes)
{
Oid constrId;
Datum adatum;
@@ -1208,6 +1221,25 @@ DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ if (fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype, &isNull);
+ if (isNull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u", constrId);
+ arr = DatumGetArrayTypeP(adatum); /* ensure not toasted */
+ if (ARR_NDIM(arr) != 1 ||
+ ARR_ELEMTYPE(arr) != CHAROID)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype is not a 1-D char array");
+ if (ARR_HASNULL(arr))
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype contains nulls");
+ if (ARR_DIMS(arr)[0] != numkeys)
+ elog(ERROR, "confreftype length does not equal the number of foreign keys");
+ memcpy(fk_reftypes, ARR_DATA_PTR(arr), numkeys * sizeof(char));
+ if ((Pointer) arr != DatumGetPointer(adatum))
+ pfree(arr); /* free de-toasted copy, if any */
+ }
+
if (pf_eq_oprs)
{
adatum = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tuple,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 559fa1d2e5..91764a6a43 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
#include "catalog/pg_inherits.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
@@ -447,12 +448,12 @@ static ObjectAddress ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *
LOCKMODE lockmode);
static ObjectAddress addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok);
-static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint,
- Relation rel, Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+static void addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
+ Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode);
static void CloneForeignKeyConstraints(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel,
@@ -8485,6 +8486,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel;
int16 pkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int16 fkattnum[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char fkreftypes[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid pktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid fktypoid[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid opclasses[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -8492,9 +8494,11 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
Oid ppeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid ffeqoperators[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
int i;
+ ListCell *lc;
int numfks,
numpks;
Oid indexOid;
+ bool has_each_element;
bool old_check_ok;
ObjectAddress address;
ListCell *old_pfeqop_item = list_head(fkconstraint->old_conpfeqop);
@@ -8583,6 +8587,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
*/
MemSet(pkattnum, 0, sizeof(pkattnum));
MemSet(fkattnum, 0, sizeof(fkattnum));
+ MemSet(fkreftypes, 0, sizeof(fkreftypes));
MemSet(pktypoid, 0, sizeof(pktypoid));
MemSet(fktypoid, 0, sizeof(fktypoid));
MemSet(opclasses, 0, sizeof(opclasses));
@@ -8594,6 +8599,54 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
fkconstraint->fk_attrs,
fkattnum, fktypoid);
+ /*
+ * Validate the reference semantics codes, too, and convert list to array
+ * format to pass to CreateConstraintEntry.
+ */
+ Assert(list_length(fkconstraint->fk_reftypes) == numfks);
+ has_each_element = false;
+ i = 0;
+ foreach(lc, fkconstraint->fk_reftypes)
+ {
+ char reftype = lfirst_int(lc);
+
+ switch (reftype)
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ /* OK, nothing to do */
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ /* At most one FK column can be an array reference */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign keys support only one array column")));
+
+ has_each_element = true;
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d", (int) reftype);
+ break;
+ }
+ fkreftypes[i] = reftype;
+ i++;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Array foreign keys support only UPDATE/DELETE NO ACTION, UPDATE/DELETE
+ * RESTRICT
+ */
+ if (has_each_element)
+ {
+ if ((fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_upd_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT) ||
+ (fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_NOACTION &&
+ fkconstraint->fk_del_action != FKCONSTR_ACTION_RESTRICT))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions")));
+ }
+
/*
* If the attribute list for the referenced table was omitted, lookup the
* definition of the primary key and use it. Otherwise, validate the
@@ -8707,6 +8760,37 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
elog(ERROR, "only b-tree indexes are supported for foreign keys");
eqstrategy = BTEqualStrategyNumber;
+ /*
+ * If this is an array foreign key, we must look up the operators for
+ * the array element type, not the array type itself.
+ */
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ /* We check if the array element type exists and is of valid Oid */
+ fktype = get_base_element_type(fktype);
+ if (!OidIsValid(fktype))
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Key column \"%s\" has type %s which is not an array type.",
+ strVal(list_nth(fkconstraint->fk_attrs, i)),
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]))));
+
+ /*
+ * make sure the <<@ operator can work with the specified operand
+ * types
+ */
+ if (fktype != pktype)
+ ereport(ERROR,
+ (errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_FOREIGN_KEY),
+ errmsg("foreign key constraint \"%s\" cannot be implemented",
+ fkconstraint->conname),
+ errdetail("Unssupported relation between %s and %s.",
+ format_type_be(fktypoid[i]),
+ format_type_be(pktype))));
+ }
+
/*
* There had better be a primary equality operator for the index.
* We'll use it for PK = PK comparisons.
@@ -8739,6 +8823,10 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
ffeqop = InvalidOid;
}
+ // XXX: Fix logic for selecting operators
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ ffeqop = ARRAY_EQ_OP;
+
if (!(OidIsValid(pfeqop) && OidIsValid(ffeqop)))
{
/*
@@ -8806,6 +8894,13 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
* We may assume that pg_constraint.conkey is not changing.
*/
old_fktype = attr->atttypid;
+ if (fkreftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ {
+ old_fktype = get_base_element_type(old_fktype);
+ /* this shouldn't happen ... */
+ if (!OidIsValid(old_fktype))
+ elog(ERROR, "old foreign key column is not an array");
+ }
new_fktype = fktype;
old_pathtype = findFkeyCast(pfeqop_right, old_fktype,
&old_castfunc);
@@ -8865,6 +8960,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8877,6 +8973,7 @@ ATAddForeignKeyConstraint(List **wqueue, AlteredTableInfo *tab, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -8920,7 +9017,7 @@ static ObjectAddress
addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
int numfks,
- int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, Oid *pfeqoperators,
+ int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes, Oid *pfeqoperators,
Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators, bool old_check_ok)
{
ObjectAddress address;
@@ -8990,6 +9087,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9075,7 +9173,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid, RelationGetRelationName(partRel));
addFkRecurseReferenced(wqueue, fkconstraint, rel, partRel,
partIndexId, constrOid, numfks,
- mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum,
+ mapped_pkattnum, fkattnum, fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators, ppeqoperators, ffeqoperators,
old_check_ok);
@@ -9124,7 +9222,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferenced(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
static void
addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
Relation pkrel, Oid indexOid, Oid parentConstr,
- int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum,
+ int numfks, int16 *pkattnum, int16 *fkattnum, char *fkreftypes,
Oid *pfeqoperators, Oid *ppeqoperators, Oid *ffeqoperators,
bool old_check_ok, LOCKMODE lockmode)
{
@@ -9258,6 +9356,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
indexOid,
RelationGetRelid(pkrel),
pkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9293,6 +9392,7 @@ addFkRecurseReferencing(List **wqueue, Constraint *fkconstraint, Relation rel,
numfks,
pkattnum,
mapped_fkattnum,
+ fkreftypes,
pfeqoperators,
ppeqoperators,
ffeqoperators,
@@ -9401,6 +9501,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Constraint *fkconstraint;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(CONSTROID, constrOid);
@@ -9433,8 +9534,8 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
confkey,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
- conffeqop);
-
+ conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_confkey[i] = attmap->attnums[confkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9477,6 +9578,7 @@ CloneFkReferenced(Relation parentRel, Relation partitionRel)
numfks,
mapped_confkey,
conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9547,6 +9649,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
AttrNumber conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber mapped_conkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
AttrNumber confkey[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
+ char confreftype[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conpfeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conppeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
Oid conffeqop[INDEX_MAX_KEYS];
@@ -9581,7 +9684,8 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
ShareRowExclusiveLock, NULL);
DeconstructFkConstraintRow(tuple, &numfks, conkey, confkey,
- conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop);
+ conpfeqop, conppeqop, conffeqop,
+ confreftype);
for (int i = 0; i < numfks; i++)
mapped_conkey[i] = attmap->attnums[conkey[i] - 1];
@@ -9660,6 +9764,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
indexOid,
constrForm->confrelid, /* same foreign rel */
confkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
@@ -9698,6 +9803,7 @@ CloneFkReferencing(List **wqueue, Relation parentRel, Relation partRel)
numfks,
confkey,
mapped_conkey,
+ confreftype,
conpfeqop,
conppeqop,
conffeqop,
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
index 4e4e05844c..90c7495354 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/trigger.c
@@ -801,6 +801,7 @@ CreateTrigger(CreateTrigStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
index 76218fb47e..3fd3f0fe57 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/typecmds.c
@@ -3553,6 +3553,7 @@ domainAddConstraint(Oid domainOid, Oid domainNamespace, Oid baseTypeOid,
NULL,
NULL,
NULL,
+ NULL,
0,
' ',
' ',
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
index da91cbd2b1..05875012f2 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c
@@ -3033,6 +3033,7 @@ _copyConstraint(const Constraint *from)
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COPY_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COPY_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COPY_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
index c2d73626fc..67e001d822 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c
@@ -2642,6 +2642,7 @@ _equalConstraint(const Constraint *a, const Constraint *b)
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ COMPARE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
COMPARE_SCALAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
index 6493a03ff8..82e95c1a87 100644
--- a/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c
@@ -3643,6 +3643,7 @@ _outConstraint(StringInfo str, const Constraint *node)
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pktable);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_attrs);
WRITE_NODE_FIELD(pk_attrs);
+ WRITE_NODE_FIELD(fk_reftypes);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_matchtype);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_upd_action);
WRITE_CHAR_FIELD(fk_del_action);
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/gram.y b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
index 652be0b96d..1264da7f6f 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/gram.y
+++ b/src/backend/parser/gram.y
@@ -134,6 +134,19 @@ typedef struct SelectLimit
LimitOption limitOption;
} SelectLimit;
+/*
+ * Private struct for the result of foreign_key_column_elem production contains
+ * reftype that denotes type of foreign key; can be one of the following:
+ *
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN plain foreign keys
+ * FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT foreign key arrays
+ */
+typedef struct FKColElem
+{
+ Node *name; /* name of the column (a String) */
+ char reftype; /* FKCONSTR_REF_xxx code */
+} FKColElem;
+
/* ConstraintAttributeSpec yields an integer bitmask of these flags: */
#define CAS_NOT_DEFERRABLE 0x01
#define CAS_DEFERRABLE 0x02
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@ static RangeVar *makeRangeVarFromAnyName(List *names, int position, core_yyscan_
static void SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
List **constraintList, CollateClause **collClause,
core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
+static void SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes);
static void processCASbits(int cas_bits, int location, const char *constrType,
bool *deferrable, bool *initdeferred, bool *not_valid,
bool *no_inherit, core_yyscan_t yyscanner);
@@ -241,6 +255,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
A_Indices *aind;
ResTarget *target;
struct PrivTarget *privtarget;
+ struct FKColElem *fkcolelem;
AccessPriv *accesspriv;
struct ImportQual *importqual;
InsertStmt *istmt;
@@ -375,6 +390,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
%type <accesspriv> privilege
%type <list> privileges privilege_list
%type <privtarget> privilege_target
+%type <fkcolelem> foreign_key_column_elem
%type <objwithargs> function_with_argtypes aggregate_with_argtypes operator_with_argtypes procedure_with_argtypes function_with_argtypes_common
%type <list> function_with_argtypes_list aggregate_with_argtypes_list operator_with_argtypes_list procedure_with_argtypes_list
%type <ival> defacl_privilege_target
@@ -412,7 +428,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
execute_param_clause using_clause returning_clause
opt_enum_val_list enum_val_list table_func_column_list
create_generic_options alter_generic_options
- relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list
+ relation_expr_list dostmt_opt_list foreign_key_column_list
transform_element_list transform_type_list
TriggerTransitions TriggerReferencing
vacuum_relation_list opt_vacuum_relation_list
@@ -642,7 +658,7 @@ static Node *makeRecursiveViewSelect(char *relname, List *aliases, Node *query);
DETACH DICTIONARY DISABLE_P DISCARD DISTINCT DO DOCUMENT_P DOMAIN_P
DOUBLE_P DROP
- EACH ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
+ EACH ELEMENT ELSE ENABLE_P ENCODING ENCRYPTED END_P ENUM_P ESCAPE EVENT EXCEPT
EXCLUDE EXCLUDING EXCLUSIVE EXECUTE EXISTS EXPLAIN EXPRESSION
EXTENSION EXTERNAL EXTRACT
@@ -3621,8 +3637,10 @@ ColConstraintElem:
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
n->pktable = $2;
+ /* fk_attrs will be filled in by parse analysis */
n->fk_attrs = NIL;
n->pk_attrs = $3;
+ n->fk_reftypes = list_make1_int(FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN);
n->fk_matchtype = $4;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($5 >> 8);
n->fk_del_action = (char) ($5 & 0xFF);
@@ -3824,14 +3842,15 @@ ConstraintElem:
NULL, yyscanner);
$$ = (Node *)n;
}
- | FOREIGN KEY '(' columnList ')' REFERENCES qualified_name
- opt_column_list key_match key_actions ConstraintAttributeSpec
+ | FOREIGN KEY '(' foreign_key_column_list ')' REFERENCES
+ qualified_name opt_column_list key_match key_actions
+ ConstraintAttributeSpec
{
Constraint *n = makeNode(Constraint);
n->contype = CONSTR_FOREIGN;
n->location = @1;
+ SplitFKColElems($4, &n->fk_attrs, &n->fk_reftypes);
n->pktable = $7;
- n->fk_attrs = $4;
n->pk_attrs = $8;
n->fk_matchtype = $9;
n->fk_upd_action = (char) ($10 >> 8);
@@ -3865,6 +3884,30 @@ columnElem: ColId
}
;
+foreign_key_column_list:
+ foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = list_make1($1); }
+ | foreign_key_column_list ',' foreign_key_column_elem
+ { $$ = lappend($1, $3); }
+ ;
+
+foreign_key_column_elem:
+ ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($1);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ | EACH ELEMENT OF ColId
+ {
+ FKColElem *n = (FKColElem *) palloc(sizeof(FKColElem));
+ n->name = (Node *) makeString($4);
+ n->reftype = FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT;
+ $$ = n;
+ }
+ ;
+
opt_c_include: INCLUDE '(' columnList ')' { $$ = $3; }
| /* EMPTY */ { $$ = NIL; }
;
@@ -15332,6 +15375,7 @@ unreserved_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
| ENCRYPTED
@@ -15868,6 +15912,7 @@ bare_label_keyword:
| DOUBLE_P
| DROP
| EACH
+ | ELEMENT
| ELSE
| ENABLE_P
| ENCODING
@@ -16887,6 +16932,24 @@ SplitColQualList(List *qualList,
*constraintList = qualList;
}
+/* Split a list of FKColElem structs into separate name and reftype lists */
+static void
+SplitFKColElems(List *fkcolelems, List **names, List **reftypes)
+{
+ ListCell *lc;
+
+ *names = NIL;
+ *reftypes = NIL;
+
+ foreach(lc, fkcolelems)
+ {
+ FKColElem *fkcolelem = (FKColElem *) lfirst(lc);
+
+ *names = lappend(*names, fkcolelem->name);
+ *reftypes = lappend_int(*reftypes, fkcolelem->reftype);
+ }
+}
+
/*
* Process result of ConstraintAttributeSpec, and set appropriate bool flags
* in the output command node. Pass NULL for any flags the particular
diff --git a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
index d56f81c79f..c31138bbb5 100644
--- a/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
+++ b/src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c
@@ -799,6 +799,8 @@ transformColumnDefinition(CreateStmtContext *cxt, ColumnDef *column)
* list of FK constraints to be processed later.
*/
constraint->fk_attrs = list_make1(makeString(column->colname));
+ /* grammar should have set fk_reftypes */
+ Assert(list_length(constraint->fk_reftypes) == 1);
cxt->fkconstraints = lappend(cxt->fkconstraints, constraint);
break;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
index 09a2ad2881..5c61a07866 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ri_triggers.c
@@ -114,6 +114,7 @@ typedef struct RI_ConstraintInfo
int nkeys; /* number of key columns */
int16 pk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referenced cols */
int16 fk_attnums[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* attnums of referencing cols */
+ char fk_reftypes[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* reference semantics */
Oid pf_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = FK) */
Oid pp_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (PK = PK) */
Oid ff_eq_oprs[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS]; /* equality operators (FK = FK) */
@@ -352,42 +353,102 @@ RI_FKey_check(TriggerData *trigdata)
const char *querysep;
Oid queryoids[RI_MAX_NUMKEYS];
const char *pk_only;
+ int each_elem;
- /* ----------
- * The query string built is
- * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
- * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
- * The type id's for the $ parameters are those of the
- * corresponding FK attributes.
- * ----------
- */
- initStringInfo(&querybuf);
- pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
- "" : "ONLY ";
- quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
- pk_only, pkrelname);
- querysep = "WHERE";
- for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
{
- Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
- Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($1)
+ * WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL AND NOT EXISTS
+ * (
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] pktable x WHERE pkatt1 = [$2 | unnest] [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ * )
+ * )
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 WHERE NOT EXISTS ("
+ "SELECT 1 FROM pg_catalog.unnest($%d) WHERE unnest IS NOT NULL"
+ " AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ each_elem + 1, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ sprintf(paramname, "unnest");
+ else
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x))");
- quoteOneName(attname,
- RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
- ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
- attname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- paramname, fk_type);
- querysep = "AND";
- queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
}
- appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * The query string built is:
+ *
+ * SELECT 1 FROM [ONLY] <pktable> x WHERE pkatt1 = $1 [AND ...]
+ * FOR KEY SHARE OF x
+ *
+ * The type ids for the $ parameters are those of the
+ * corresponding FK attributes.
+ */
+ initStringInfo(&querybuf);
+ pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
+ "" : "ONLY ";
+ quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "SELECT 1 FROM %s%s x",
+ pk_only, pkrelname);
+ querysep = "WHERE";
+ for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
+ {
+ Oid pk_type = RIAttType(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
+ Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+
+ quoteOneName(attname,
+ RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
+ sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
+ ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
+ attname, pk_type,
+ riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ paramname, fk_type);
+ querysep = "AND";
+ queryoids[i] = fk_type;
+ }
+ appendStringInfoString(&querybuf, " FOR KEY SHARE OF x");
- /* Prepare and save the plan */
- qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
- &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ /* Prepare and save the plan */
+ qplan = ri_PlanCheck(querybuf.data, riinfo->nkeys, queryoids,
+ &qkey, fk_rel, pk_rel);
+ }
}
/*
@@ -695,7 +756,7 @@ ri_restrict(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_no_action)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -801,7 +862,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_del(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, querysep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -920,7 +981,7 @@ RI_FKey_cascade_upd(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", j + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1100,7 +1161,7 @@ ri_set(TriggerData *trigdata, bool is_set_null)
sprintf(paramname, "$%d", i + 1);
ri_GenerateQual(&qualbuf, qualsep,
paramname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
attname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll && !get_collation_isdeterministic(pk_coll))
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -1313,6 +1374,7 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
char workmembuf[32];
int spi_result;
SPIPlanPtr qplan;
+ int each_elem;
riinfo = ri_FetchConstraintInfo(trigger, fk_rel, false);
@@ -1374,6 +1436,14 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
* For MATCH FULL:
* (fk.keycol1 IS NOT NULL [OR ...])
*
+ * In case of an array ELEMENT column, relname is replaced with the
+ * following subquery:
+ *
+ * SELECT unnest("keycol1") k1, "keycol1" ak1 [, ...]
+ * FROM ONLY "public"."fk"
+ *
+ * where all the columns are renamed in order to prevent name collisions.
+ *
* We attach COLLATE clauses to the operators when comparing columns
* that have different collations.
*----------
@@ -1391,13 +1461,30 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
quoteRelationName(pkrelname, pk_rel);
quoteRelationName(fkrelname, fk_rel);
+
fk_only = fk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
pk_only = pk_rel->rd_rel->relkind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_TABLE ?
"" : "ONLY ";
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
- fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+
+ for (each_elem = 0; each_elem < riinfo->nkeys; each_elem++)
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[each_elem] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ break;
+
+ if (each_elem < riinfo->nkeys)
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[each_elem]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, " FROM %s%s fk"
+ " CROSS JOIN LATERAL pg_catalog.unnest(fk.%s)"
+ " LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, fkattname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ " FROM %s%s fk LEFT OUTER JOIN %s%s pk ON",
+ fk_only, fkrelname, pk_only, pkrelname);
+ }
strcpy(pkattname, "pk.");
strcpy(fkattname, "fk.");
@@ -1408,15 +1495,22 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
Oid fk_type = RIAttType(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
Oid pk_coll = RIAttCollation(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]);
Oid fk_coll = RIAttCollation(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]);
+ char *tmp;
quoteOneName(pkattname + 3,
RIAttName(pk_rel, riinfo->pk_attnums[i]));
- quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
- RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ tmp = "unnest";
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname + 3,
+ RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ tmp = fkattname;
+ }
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
- fkattname, fk_type);
+ tmp, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
sep = "AND";
@@ -1432,10 +1526,15 @@ RI_Initial_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
sep = "";
for (int i = 0; i < riinfo->nkeys; i++)
{
- quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
- appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
- "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
- sep, fkattname);
+ if (riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT)
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf, "%sunnest IS NOT NULL", sep);
+ else
+ {
+ quoteOneName(fkattname, RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
+ appendStringInfo(&querybuf,
+ "%sfk.%s IS NOT NULL",
+ sep, fkattname);
+ }
switch (riinfo->confmatchtype)
{
case FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE:
@@ -1650,7 +1749,7 @@ RI_PartitionRemove_Check(Trigger *trigger, Relation fk_rel, Relation pk_rel)
RIAttName(fk_rel, riinfo->fk_attnums[i]));
ri_GenerateQual(&querybuf, sep,
pkattname, pk_type,
- riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i],
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes[i] == FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT ? OID_ARRAY_ELEMCONTAINED_OP : riinfo->pf_eq_oprs[i], // XXX
fkattname, fk_type);
if (pk_coll != fk_coll)
ri_GenerateQualCollation(&querybuf, pk_coll);
@@ -2094,7 +2193,8 @@ ri_LoadConstraintInfo(Oid constraintOid)
riinfo->pk_attnums,
riinfo->pf_eq_oprs,
riinfo->pp_eq_oprs,
- riinfo->ff_eq_oprs);
+ riinfo->ff_eq_oprs,
+ riinfo->fk_reftypes);
ReleaseSysCache(tup);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
index 879288c139..534920cd1b 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c
@@ -330,6 +330,9 @@ static char *pg_get_viewdef_worker(Oid viewoid,
static char *pg_get_triggerdef_worker(Oid trigid, bool pretty);
static int decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
StringInfo buf);
+static void decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf);
static char *pg_get_ruledef_worker(Oid ruleoid, int prettyFlags);
static char *pg_get_indexdef_worker(Oid indexrelid, int colno,
const Oid *excludeOps,
@@ -2006,7 +2009,8 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
{
case CONSTRAINT_FOREIGN:
{
- Datum val;
+ Datum colindexes;
+ Datum reftypes;
bool isnull;
const char *string;
@@ -2014,13 +2018,21 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
appendStringInfoString(&buf, "FOREIGN KEY (");
/* Fetch and build referencing-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_conkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_conkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null conkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
+ reftypes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confreftype,
+ &isnull);
+ if (isnull)
+ elog(ERROR, "null confreftype for constraint %u",
+ constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->conrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_fk_column_index_array(colindexes, reftypes,
+ conForm->conrelid, &buf);
/* add foreign relation name */
appendStringInfo(&buf, ") REFERENCES %s(",
@@ -2028,13 +2040,15 @@ pg_get_constraintdef_worker(Oid constraintId, bool fullCommand,
NIL));
/* Fetch and build referenced-column list */
- val = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
- Anum_pg_constraint_confkey, &isnull);
+ colindexes = SysCacheGetAttr(CONSTROID, tup,
+ Anum_pg_constraint_confkey,
+ &isnull);
if (isnull)
elog(ERROR, "null confkey for constraint %u",
constraintId);
- decompile_column_index_array(val, conForm->confrelid, &buf);
+ decompile_column_index_array(colindexes,
+ conForm->confrelid, &buf);
appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ')');
@@ -2363,6 +2377,66 @@ decompile_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array, Oid relId,
return nKeys;
}
+/*
+ * Convert an int16[] Datum and a char[] Datum into a comma-separated list of
+ * column names for the indicated relation, prefixed by appropriate keywords
+ * depending on the foreign key reference semantics indicated by the char[]
+ * entries. Append the text to buf.
+ */
+static void
+decompile_fk_column_index_array(Datum column_index_array,
+ Datum fk_reftype_array,
+ Oid relId, StringInfo buf)
+{
+ Datum *keys;
+ int nKeys;
+ Datum *reftypes;
+ int nReftypes;
+ int j;
+
+ /* Extract data from array of int16 */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(column_index_array),
+ INT2OID, sizeof(int16), true, 's',
+ &keys, NULL, &nKeys);
+
+ /* Extract data from array of char */
+ deconstruct_array(DatumGetArrayTypeP(fk_reftype_array),
+ CHAROID, sizeof(char), true, 'c',
+ &reftypes, NULL, &nReftypes);
+
+ if (nKeys != nReftypes)
+ elog(ERROR, "wrong confreftype cardinality");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < nKeys; j++)
+ {
+ char *colName;
+ const char *prefix;
+
+ colName = get_attname(relId, DatumGetInt16(keys[j]), false);
+
+ switch (DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]))
+ {
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN:
+ prefix = "";
+ break;
+ case FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT:
+ prefix = "EACH ELEMENT OF ";
+ break;
+ default:
+ elog(ERROR, "invalid fk_reftype: %d",
+ (int) DatumGetChar(reftypes[j]));
+ prefix = NULL; /* keep compiler quiet */
+ break;
+ }
+
+ if (j == 0)
+ appendStringInfo(buf, "%s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ else
+ appendStringInfo(buf, ", %s%s", prefix,
+ quote_identifier(colName));
+ }
+}
/* ----------
* pg_get_expr - Decompile an expression tree
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
index 7ef510cd01..b43ca0e927 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c
@@ -4469,7 +4469,7 @@ RelationGetFKeyList(Relation relation)
info->conkey,
info->confkey,
info->conpfeqop,
- NULL, NULL);
+ NULL, NULL, NULL);
/* Add FK's node to the result list */
result = lappend(result, info);
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
index 63f0f8bf41..901371db71 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_constraint.h
@@ -120,9 +120,19 @@ CATALOG(pg_constraint,2606,ConstraintRelationId)
*/
int16 confkey[1];
+ /*
+ * If a foreign key, the reference semantics for each column.
+ * 'p' to signify plain foreign key
+ * 'e' to signify each element foreign key array
+ */
+ char confreftype[1];
+
/*
* If a foreign key, the OIDs of the PK = FK equality operators for each
* column of the constraint
+ *
+ * Note: for Array Element Foreign Keys, all these operators are for the
+ * array's element type.
*/
Oid conpfeqop[1] BKI_LOOKUP(pg_operator);
@@ -219,6 +229,7 @@ extern Oid CreateConstraintEntry(const char *constraintName,
Oid indexRelId,
Oid foreignRelId,
const int16 *foreignKey,
+ const char *foreignRefType,
const Oid *pfEqOp,
const Oid *ppEqOp,
const Oid *ffEqOp,
@@ -259,7 +270,8 @@ extern Bitmapset *get_primary_key_attnos(Oid relid, bool deferrableOk,
Oid *constraintOid);
extern void DeconstructFkConstraintRow(HeapTuple tuple, int *numfks,
AttrNumber *conkey, AttrNumber *confkey,
- Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs);
+ Oid *pf_eq_oprs, Oid *pp_eq_oprs, Oid *ff_eq_oprs,
+ char *fk_reftypes);
extern bool check_functional_grouping(Oid relid,
Index varno, Index varlevelsup,
diff --git a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
index 236832a2ca..8fd49aacd4 100644
--- a/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
+++ b/src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h
@@ -2189,6 +2189,10 @@ typedef enum ConstrType /* types of constraints */
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_PARTIAL 'p'
#define FKCONSTR_MATCH_SIMPLE 's'
+ /* Foreign key column reference semantics codes */
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_PLAIN 'p'
+#define FKCONSTR_REF_EACH_ELEMENT 'e'
+
typedef struct Constraint
{
NodeTag type;
@@ -2229,6 +2233,7 @@ typedef struct Constraint
RangeVar *pktable; /* Primary key table */
List *fk_attrs; /* Attributes of foreign key */
List *pk_attrs; /* Corresponding attrs in PK table */
+ List *fk_reftypes; /* Per-column reference semantics (int List) */
char fk_matchtype; /* FULL, PARTIAL, SIMPLE */
char fk_upd_action; /* ON UPDATE action */
char fk_del_action; /* ON DELETE action */
diff --git a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
index 28083aaac9..58b937ddfa 100644
--- a/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
+++ b/src/include/parser/kwlist.h
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ PG_KEYWORD("domain", DOMAIN_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("double", DOUBLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("drop", DROP, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("each", EACH, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
+PG_KEYWORD("element", ELEMENT, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("else", ELSE, RESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("enable", ENABLE_P, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
PG_KEYWORD("encoding", ENCODING, UNRESERVED_KEYWORD, BARE_LABEL)
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83040dbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/element_fk.out
@@ -0,0 +1,625 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fkarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({10,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({4,6}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({6,NULL,4,NULL}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarraymdim" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarraymdim_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({{1,2},{6,NULL}}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+ERROR: null value in column "ftest1" of relation "fktableforarraynotnull" violates not-null constraint
+DETAIL: Failing row contains (null, 21).
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(1) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {2} | 4
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+(11 rows)
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+----------+--------
+ {1} | 3
+ {1} | 5
+ {3} | 6
+ {1} | 7
+ {4,5} | 8
+ {4,4} | 9
+ | 10
+ {} | 11
+ {1,NULL} | 12
+ {NULL} | 13
+ {1} | 4
+(11 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ERROR: table "fktableforarray" does not exist
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: Array Element Foreign Keys support only NO ACTION and RESTRICT actions
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+NOTICE: table "fktableforarray" does not exist, skipping
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (ftest1)=({A,B,D}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(A) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_ftest1_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (ptest1)=(B) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ ftest1 | ftest2
+---------+--------
+ {A} | 1
+ {B} | 2
+ {C} | 3
+ {A,B,C} | 4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(A, {A,B,C}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fid1_fid2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fid1, fid2)=(B, {A}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,99)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (invoice_ids)=({"(2011,1)","(2010,1)"}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2010,99)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+ERROR: update or delete on table "pktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_invoice_ids_fkey" on table "fktableforarray"
+DETAIL: Key (id)=((2011,1)) is still referenced from table "fktableforarray".
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+ id | invoice_ids | ftest2
+----+-------------------------+-----------
+ 1 | {"(2010,99)"} | Product A
+ 2 | {"(2011,1)","(2011,2)"} | Product B
+ 3 | {"(2011,2)"} | Product C
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({0,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+ERROR: insert or update on table "fktableforarray" violates foreign key constraint "fktableforarray_fids_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (fids)=({2,1}) is not present in table "pktableforarray".
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(2, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(20, {0,2,3,4,6}) is not present in table "dim1".
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_x_y_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x, y)=(4, {0,2,4}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+ERROR: foreign keys support only one array column
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "x2_x1_x2_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "x2" violates foreign key constraint "fk_const"
+DETAIL: Key (x1, x2)=({1,3}, 6) is not present in table "x1".
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{100,100,100},{NULL,NULL,20},{7,8,10}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+ERROR: insert or update on table "f1" violates foreign key constraint "f1_slots_fkey"
+DETAIL: Key (slots)=({{NULL,1,NULL},{NULL,NULL,11},{NULL,NULL,6}}) is not present in table "dim1".
+DROP TABLE F1;
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+ count
+-------
+ 10
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+ count
+-------
+ 5
+(1 row)
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type integer which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between character[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Key column "ftest1" has type character which is not an array type.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between smallint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between bigint[] and integer.
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+ERROR: foreign key constraint "fktableviolating_ftest1_fkey" cannot be implemented
+DETAIL: Unssupported relation between int2vector and integer.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index e280198b17..ec01fffc97 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ test: brin gin gist spgist privileges init_privs security_label collate matview
# ----------
# Another group of parallel tests
# ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort element_fk
# rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
# a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
index 6a57e889a1..35c7eaff5a 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/serial_schedule
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ test: tid
test: tidscan
test: tidrangescan
test: collate.icu.utf8
+test: element_fk
test: rules
test: psql
test: psql_crosstab
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b3ec36113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/element_fk.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,475 @@
+-- EACH-ELEMENT FK CONSTRAINTS
+
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAY
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+
+-- Check alter table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 1);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check alter table with failing rows
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], ftest2 int );
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{10,1}', 2);
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ADD CONSTRAINT FKARRAY FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check create table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM ( ftest1 int[][], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL ( ftest1 int[] NOT NULL, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert successful rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{2}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{3}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,5}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,4}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (NULL, 10);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}', 11);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,NULL}', 12);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{NULL}', 13);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{1,2},{1,3}}', 14);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{4,5},{NULL,2},{NULL,3}}', 15);
+
+-- Insert failed rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6}', 16);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{4,6}', 17);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL}', 18);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{6,NULL,4,NULL}', 19);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM VALUES ('{{1,2},{6,NULL}}', 20);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL VALUES (NULL, 21);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE NO ACTION)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=1;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check UPDATE on FKTABLE
+UPDATE FKTABLEFORARRAY SET ftest1=ARRAY[1] WHERE ftest2=4;
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYNOTNULL;
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYMDIM;
+
+-- Allowed references with actions (NO ACTION, RESTRICT)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+-- Not allowed references (SET NULL, SET DEFAULT, CASCADE)
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE NO ACTION, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET DEFAULT, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE SET NULL, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET DEFAULT ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE, ftest2 int );
+DROP TABLE IF EXISTS FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Check reference on empty table
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY (ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY (ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{}');
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Repeat a similar test using CHAR(1) keys rather than INTEGER
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( ptest1 CHAR(1) PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('C', 'Test C');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( ftest1 char(1)[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY ON UPDATE RESTRICT ON DELETE RESTRICT, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A"}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"B"}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"C"}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","C"}', 4);
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"D"}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{"A","B","D"}', 6);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON DELETE RESTRICT)
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE ptest1='A';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE (must fail due to ON UPDATE RESTRICT)
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET ptest1='D' WHERE ptest1='B';
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Composite primary keys
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id1 CHAR(1), id2 CHAR(1), ptest2 text, PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2) );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'A', 'Test A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', 'B', 'Test B');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', 'C', 'Test B');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( fid1 CHAR(1), fid2 CHAR(1)[], ftest2 text, FOREIGN KEY (fid1, EACH ELEMENT OF fid2) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY);
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B'], '1');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['C'], '2');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('A', ARRAY['A','B', 'C'], '3');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('B', ARRAY['A'], '4');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Test Array Element Foreign Keys with composite type
+CREATE TYPE INVOICEID AS (year_part INTEGER, progressive_part INTEGER);
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INVOICEID PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2010, 99), 'Last invoice for 2010');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 1), 'First invoice for 2011');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES (ROW(2011, 2), 'Second invoice for 2011');
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, invoice_ids INVOICEID[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF invoice_ids) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2010,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,2)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product C');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,99)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY(invoice_ids, ftest2) VALUES (ARRAY['(2011,1)','(2010,1)']::INVOICEID[], 'Product B');
+
+-- Check FKTABLE
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Delete a row from PK TABLE
+DELETE FROM PKTABLEFORARRAY WHERE id=ROW(2010,99);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for removal of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Update a row from PK TABLE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAY SET id=ROW(2011,99) WHERE id=ROW(2011,1);
+
+-- Check FKTABLE for update of matched row
+SELECT * FROM FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TYPE INVOICEID;
+
+-- Check for an array column referencing another array column (NOT ELEMENT FOREIGN KEY)
+-- Create primary table with an array primary key
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY ( id INT[] PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text);
+
+-- Create the referencing table
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY ( id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY, fids INT[] REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAY, ftest2 TEXT );
+
+-- Populate the primary table
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,1}', 'A');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAY VALUES ('{1,2}', 'B');
+
+-- Insert valid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,1}', 'Product A');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{1,2}', 'Product B');
+
+-- Insert invalid rows into FK TABLE
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{0,1}', 'Product C');
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAY (fids, ftest2) VALUES ('{2,1}', 'Product D');
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAY;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAY;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-column "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL, Y INTEGER NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (X, Y));
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT x.t, x.t * y.t
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10) AS t) x,
+ (SELECT generate_series(0, 10) AS t) y;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- FAILS (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,NULL,4}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Try updates
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS
+UPDATE F1 SET x = 20, y = '{0,2,3,4,6}' WHERE x = 2; -- FAILS (20 does not exist)
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,4,8}' WHERE x = 4; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET y = '{0,5,NULL,10}' WHERE x = 5; -- OK
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with FOREIGN KEY after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+-- Insert facts
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (1, '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (2, '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (3, '{0,3,6,9,0,3,6,9,0,0,0,0,9,9}'); -- OK (multiple occurrences)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (4, '{0,2,4}'); -- OK (2 is not present)
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES (5, '{0,NULL,5}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of a two-dim ELEMENT foreign key constraint (FAILS)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[],
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y)
+);
+
+
+-- Test with two-dim ELEMENT foreign key after TABLE population
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ x INTEGER[] PRIMARY KEY, y INTEGER[]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1}', '{0,1,2,3,4,5}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1 VALUES ('{1,2}', '{0,2,4,6}'); -- OK
+-- Add foreign key (FAILS)
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF x, EACH ELEMENT OF y) REFERENCES DIM1(x, y);
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE DIM1;
+
+
+-- Check for potential name conflicts (with internal integrity checks)
+CREATE TABLE x1(x1 int, x2 int, PRIMARY KEY(x1,x2));
+INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
+ (1,4),
+ (1,5),
+ (2,4),
+ (2,5),
+ (3,6),
+ (3,7)
+;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int, FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+CREATE TABLE x2(x1 int[], x2 int);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,2}',4);
+INSERT INTO x2 VALUES ('{1,3}',6);
+ALTER TABLE x2 ADD CONSTRAINT fk_const FOREIGN KEY(EACH ELEMENT OF x1, x2) REFERENCES x1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE x2;
+DROP TABLE x1;
+
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Multi-dimensional "ELEMENT" foreign key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+
+-- Create DIM1 table with two-column primary key
+CREATE TABLE DIM1 (X INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
+ CODE TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE);
+-- Populate DIM1 table pairs
+INSERT INTO DIM1 SELECT t, 'DIM1-' || lpad(t::TEXT, 2, '0')
+ FROM (SELECT generate_series(1, 10)) x(t);
+
+-- Test with TABLE declaration of an element foreign key constraint (NO ACTION)
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- OK
+UPDATE F1 SET SLOTS = '{{100, 100, 100}, {NULL, NULL, 20}, {7, 8, 10}}' WHERE ID = 1; -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Test with postponed foreign key
+CREATE TABLE F1 (
+ ID SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
+ SLOTS INTEGER[3][3]
+);
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 3}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}'); -- OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}'); -- OK
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- FAILS
+DELETE FROM F1 WHERE ID = 2; -- REMOVE ISSUE
+ALTER TABLE F1 ADD FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF SLOTS) REFERENCES DIM1; -- NOW OK
+INSERT INTO F1(SLOTS) VALUES ('{{NULL, 1, NULL}, {NULL, NULL, 11}, {NULL, NULL, 6}}'); -- FAILS
+DROP TABLE F1;
+
+-- Leave tables in the database
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ( ftest1 int[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Check ALTER TABLE ALTER TYPE
+ALTER TABLE FKTABLEFORELEMENTFK ALTER FTEST1 TYPE INT[];
+
+-- Check GIN index
+-- Define PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Insert test data into PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (1, 'Test1');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (2, 'Test2');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (3, 'Test3');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (4, 'Test4');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (5, 'Test5');
+INSERT INTO PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES (6, 'Test6');
+
+-- Define FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN ( ftest1 int[],
+ ftest2 int PRIMARY KEY,
+ FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+ ON DELETE NO ACTION ON UPDATE NO ACTION);
+
+-- -- Create index on FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN
+CREATE INDEX ON FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN USING gin (ftest1 array_ops);
+
+-- Populate Table
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5}', 1);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,2}', 2);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,2,5}', 3);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,4}', 4);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,5,4,1,3}', 5);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{1}', 6);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{5,1}', 7);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{2,1,2,4,1}', 8);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{4,2}', 9);
+INSERT INTO FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN VALUES ('{3,4,5,3}', 10);
+
+-- Try UPDATE
+UPDATE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN SET ptest1=7 WHERE ptest1=6;
+
+--- Try using the indexable operators
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @> ARRAY[5];
+SELECT COUNT(*) FROM FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN WHERE ftest1 @>> 5;
+
+-- Cleanup
+DROP TABLE FKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+DROP TABLE PKTABLEFORARRAYGIN;
+
+-- ---------------------------------------
+-- Invalid referencing key tests
+-- ---------------------------------------
+CREATE TABLE PKTABLEVIOLATING ( ptest1 int PRIMARY KEY, ptest2 text );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> char
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 char, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> smallint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 smallint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> bigint[]
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 bigint[], FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
+
+-- Attempt fk constraint between int <-> int2vector
+CREATE TABLE FKTABLEVIOLATING ( ftest1 int2vector, FOREIGN KEY (EACH ELEMENT OF ftest1) REFERENCES PKTABLEFORELEMENTFK, ftest2 int );
--
2.30.1
--------------3A927D779D0A0B91F132AD46
Content-Type: text/x-patch; charset=UTF-8;
name="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: attachment;
filename="v10-0001-anyarray_anyelement_operators.patch"
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses
@ 2023-01-07 00:37 Justin Pryzby <[email protected]>
2023-01-08 23:34 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 1 reply; 52+ messages in thread
From: Justin Pryzby @ 2023-01-07 00:37 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Matthias van de Meent <[email protected]>; [email protected]
On Fri, Dec 30, 2022 at 01:18:36AM +0100, Tomas Vondra wrote:
> + * Does the range already has NULL values? Either of the flags can
should say: "already have NULL values"
> + * If we had NULLS, and the opclass didn't set allnulls=true, set
> + * the hasnulls so that we know there are NULL values.
You could remove "the" before "hasnulls".
Or say "clear hasnulls so that.."
> @@ -585,6 +587,13 @@ brin_deform_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BrinTuple *tuple, BrinMemTuple *dMemtuple)
> {
> int i;
>
> + /*
> + * Make sure to overwrite the hasnulls flag, because it was initialized
> + * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip it if
> + * allnulls.
Does "if allnulls" mean "if allnulls is true" ?
It's a bit unclear.
> + */
> + dtup->bt_columns[keyno].bv_hasnulls = hasnulls[keyno];
> +
> if (allnulls[keyno])
> {
> valueno += brdesc->bd_info[keyno]->oi_nstored;
--
Justin
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses
2023-01-07 00:37 Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Justin Pryzby <[email protected]>
@ 2023-01-08 23:34 ` Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
2023-02-24 15:53 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 1 reply; 52+ messages in thread
From: Tomas Vondra @ 2023-01-08 23:34 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Justin Pryzby <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Matthias van de Meent <[email protected]>; [email protected]
Thanks Justin! I've applied all the fixes you proposed, and (hopefully)
improved a couple other comments.
I've been working on this over the past couple days, trying to polish
and commit it over the weekend - both into master and backbranches.
Sadly, the backpatching part turned out to be a bit more complicated
than I expected, because of the BRIN reworks in PG14 (done by me, as
foundation for the new opclasses, so ... well).
Anyway, I got it done, but it's a bit uglier than I hoped for and I
don't feel like pushing this on Sunday midnight. I think it's correct,
but maybe another pass to polish it a bit more is better.
So here are two patches - one for 11-13, the other for 14-master.
There's also a separate patch with pageinspect tests, but only as a
demonstration of various (non)broken cases, not for commit. And then
also a bash script generating indexes with random data, randomized
summarization etc. - on unpatched systems this happens to fail in about
1/3 of the runs (at least for me). I haven't seen any failures with the
patches attached (on any branch).
As for the issue / fix, I don't think there's a better solution than
what the patch does - we need to distinguish empty / all-nulls ranges,
but we can't add a flag because of on-disk format / ABI. So using the
existing flags seems like the only option - I haven't heard any other
ideas so far, and I couldn't come up with any myself either.
I've also thought about alternative "encodings" into allnulls/hasnulls,
instead of treating (true,true) as "empty" - but none of that ended up
being any simpler, quite the opposite actually, as it would change what
the individual flags mean etc. So AFAICS this is the best / least
disruptive option.
I went over all the places touching these flags, to double check if any
of those needs some tweaks (similar to union_tuples, which I missed for
a long time). But I haven't found anything else, so I think this version
of the patches is complete.
As for assessing how many indexes are affected - in principle, any index
on columns with NULLs may be broken. But it only matters if the index is
used for IS NULL queries, other queries are not affected.
I also realized that this only affects insertion of individual tuples
into existing all-null summaries, not "bulk" summarization that sees all
values at once. This happens because in this case add_values_to_range
sets hasnulls=true for the first (NULL) value, and then calls the
addValue procedure for the second (non-NULL) one, which resets the
allnulls flag to false.
But when inserting individual rows, we first set hasnulls=true, but
brin_form_tuple ignores that because of allnulls=true. And then when
inserting the second row, we start with hasnulls=false again, and the
opclass quietly resets the allnulls flag.
I guess this further reduces the number of broken indexes, especially
for data sets with small null_frac, or for append-only (or -mostly)
tables where most of the summarization is bulk.
I still feel a bit uneasy about this, but I think the patch is solid.
regards
--
Tomas Vondra
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
Attachments:
[text/x-patch] 0001-extra-tests.patch (10.2K, ../../[email protected]/2-0001-extra-tests.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 033286cff9733c24fdc7c3f774d947c9f1072aa0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2023 23:42:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] extra tests
---
contrib/pageinspect/Makefile | 2 +-
contrib/pageinspect/expected/brin-fails.out | 152 ++++++++++++++++++++
contrib/pageinspect/sql/brin-fails.sql | 85 +++++++++++
3 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
create mode 100644 contrib/pageinspect/expected/brin-fails.out
create mode 100644 contrib/pageinspect/sql/brin-fails.sql
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/Makefile b/contrib/pageinspect/Makefile
index 95e030b396..69a28a6d3d 100644
--- a/contrib/pageinspect/Makefile
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/Makefile
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ DATA = pageinspect--1.11--1.12.sql pageinspect--1.10--1.11.sql \
pageinspect--1.0--1.1.sql
PGFILEDESC = "pageinspect - functions to inspect contents of database pages"
-REGRESS = page btree brin gin gist hash checksum oldextversions
+REGRESS = page btree brin gin gist hash checksum oldextversions brin-fails
ifdef USE_PGXS
PG_CONFIG = pg_config
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/expected/brin-fails.out b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/brin-fails.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a12c761fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/expected/brin-fails.out
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+create table t (a int);
+create extension pageinspect;
+-- works
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+NOTICE: index "t_a_idx" does not exist, skipping
+truncate t;
+insert into t values (null), (1);
+create index on t using brin (a);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- works
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+insert into t values (1), (null);
+create index on t using brin (a);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+insert into t values (null);
+create index on t using brin (a);
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a);
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(1 row)
+
+-- works
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null), (1);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+ brin_summarize_new_values
+---------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | t | f | f |
+ 2 | 1 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+ brin_summarize_new_values
+---------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | t | f | f |
+ 2 | 1 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- works
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (1);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+ brin_summarize_new_values
+---------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | t | f | f |
+ 2 | 1 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (null);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+ brin_summarize_new_values
+---------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | t | f | f |
+ 2 | 1 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (null);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+ brin_summarize_new_values
+---------------------------
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+ itemoffset | blknum | attnum | allnulls | hasnulls | placeholder | value
+------------+--------+--------+----------+----------+-------------+----------
+ 1 | 0 | 1 | t | f | f |
+ 2 | 1 | 1 | f | t | f | {1 .. 1}
+(2 rows)
+
diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/sql/brin-fails.sql b/contrib/pageinspect/sql/brin-fails.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca57ba7e03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/sql/brin-fails.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+create table t (a int);
+create extension pageinspect;
+
+-- works
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+insert into t values (null), (1);
+create index on t using brin (a);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+
+-- works
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+insert into t values (1), (null);
+create index on t using brin (a);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+insert into t values (null);
+create index on t using brin (a);
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a);
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+
+-- works
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null), (1);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+
+-- works
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (1);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (null);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
+
+-- fails
+drop index if exists t_a_idx;
+truncate t;
+create index on t using brin (a) with (pages_per_range=1);
+insert into t select null from generate_series(1,291); -- fill first page
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (null);
+select brin_summarize_new_values('t_a_idx');
+insert into t values (null);
+insert into t values (1);
+select * from brin_page_items(get_raw_page('t_a_idx', 2), 't_a_idx'::regclass);
--
2.39.0
[text/x-patch] 0001-Fix-handling-of-NULLs-in-BRIN-indexes-14-master.patch (11.5K, ../../[email protected]/3-0001-Fix-handling-of-NULLs-in-BRIN-indexes-14-master.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 26905146ebb93422152f0f6ec3a835f62b1b8327 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2023 16:43:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Fix handling of NULLs in BRIN indexes
BRIN indexes did not properly distinguish between summaries for empty
(no rows) and all-NULL ranges. All summaries were initialized with
allnulls=true, and the opclasses simply reset allnulls to false when
processing the first non-NULL value. This however fails if the range
starts with a NULL value (or a sequence of NULL values), in which case
we forget the range contains NULL values.
This happens because the allnulls flag is used for two separate
purposes - to mark empty ranges (not representing any rows yet) and
ranges containing only NULL values.
Opclasses don't know which of these cases it is, and so don't know
whether to set hasnulls=true. Setting hasnulls=true in both cases would
make it correct, but it would also make BRIN indexes useless for queries
with IS NULL clauses - all ranges start empty (and thus allnulls=true),
so all ranges would end up with either allnulls=true or hasnulls=true.
The severity of the issue is somewhat reduced by the fact that it only
happens when adding values to an existing summary with allnulls=true,
not when the summarization is processing values in bulk (e.g. during
CREATE INDEX or automatic summarization). In this case the flags were
updated in a slightly different way, not forgetting the NULL values.
The best solution would be to introduce a new flag marking index tuples
representing ranges with no rows, but that would break on-disk format
and/or ABI, depending on where we put the flag. Considering we need to
backpatch this, that's not acceptable.
So instead we use an "impossible" combination of both flags (allnulls
and hasnulls) set to true, to mark "empty" ranges with no rows. In
principle "empty" is a feature of the whole index tuple, which may
contain multiple summaries in a multi-column index, but this is where
the flags are, unfortunately.
We could also skip storing index tuples for empty summaries, but then
we'd have to always process such ranges - even if there are no rows in
large parts of the table (e.g. after a bulk DELETE), it would still
require reading the pages etc. So we store them, but ignore them when
building the bitmap.
Backpatch to 11. The issue exists since BRIN indexes were introduced in
9.5, but older releases are already EOL.
Backpatch-through: 11
Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby, Matthias van de Meent
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]
---
src/backend/access/brin/brin.c | 77 ++++++++++++++++++-
src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c | 16 +++-
...summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out | 8 +-
...ummarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec | 1 +
4 files changed, 94 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
index de1427a1e0..aa8d4017a7 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
@@ -591,6 +591,17 @@ bringetbitmap(IndexScanDesc scan, TIDBitmap *tbm)
bval = &dtup->bt_columns[attno - 1];
+ /*
+ * If the range has both allnulls and hasnulls set, it means
+ * there are no rows in the range, so we can skip it (we have
+ * scan keys, and we know there's nothing to match).
+ */
+ if (bval->bv_allnulls && bval->bv_hasnulls)
+ {
+ addrange = false;
+ break;
+ }
+
/*
* First check if there are any IS [NOT] NULL scan keys,
* and if we're violating them. In that case we can
@@ -1608,11 +1619,32 @@ union_tuples(BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *a, BrinTuple *b)
if (opcinfo->oi_regular_nulls)
{
- /* Adjust "hasnulls". */
+ /*
+ * If B is empty (represents no rows), ignore it and just keep
+ * A as is (might be empty etc.).
+ */
+ if (col_b->bv_allnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
+ continue;
+
+ /*
+ * Adjust "hasnulls".
+ *
+ * It may happen A has allnulls=true, and we should reset it. We
+ * need to copy the values from B first, which happens later.
+ * We know the next condition can't trigger, because B is not
+ * empty so only one of the flags is true.
+ */
if (!col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
- /* If there are no values in B, there's nothing left to do. */
+ /*
+ * If there are no values in B, there's nothing left to do.
+ *
+ * Note this is mutually exclusive with the preceding condition.
+ * We have skipped "empty" B, so hasnulls and allnulls can't be
+ * both true. So if we adjusted hasnulls for A, there have to be
+ * values for B (i.e. we're not terminating here).
+ */
if (col_b->bv_allnulls)
continue;
@@ -1626,6 +1658,7 @@ union_tuples(BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *a, BrinTuple *b)
{
int i;
+ /* This also applies if we adjusted hasnulls=true earlier. */
col_a->bv_allnulls = false;
for (i = 0; i < opcinfo->oi_nstored; i++)
@@ -1710,16 +1743,41 @@ add_values_to_range(Relation idxRel, BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *dtup,
Datum result;
BrinValues *bval;
FmgrInfo *addValue;
+ bool first_row;
+ bool hasnulls = false;
bval = &dtup->bt_columns[keyno];
+ /*
+ * Is this the first tuple we're adding to the range range? We track
+ * that by setting both bv_hasnulls and bval->bv_allnulls to true
+ * during initialization. But it's not a valid combination (at most
+ * one of those flags should be set), so we reset the second flag.
+ */
+ first_row = (bval->bv_hasnulls && bval->bv_allnulls);
+
+ if (bval->bv_hasnulls && bval->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ bval->bv_hasnulls = false;
+ modified = true;
+ }
+
if (bdesc->bd_info[keyno]->oi_regular_nulls && nulls[keyno])
{
/*
* If the new value is null, we record that we saw it if it's the
* first one; otherwise, there's nothing to do.
+ *
+ * We used to check "bv_hasnulls" which might result in having both
+ * flags set. That used to be OK, because we just ignore hasnulls
+ * flag in brin_form_tuple when bv_allnulls=true.
+ *
+ * But now we interpret this combination as "first row" so it would
+ * confuse following calls. So make sure to only set one of these
+ * flags - when allnulls=true we're done, as it already marks the
+ * range as containing values.
*/
- if (!bval->bv_hasnulls)
+ if (!bval->bv_allnulls)
{
bval->bv_hasnulls = true;
modified = true;
@@ -1728,6 +1786,12 @@ add_values_to_range(Relation idxRel, BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *dtup,
continue;
}
+ /*
+ * Does the range already have NULL values? Either of the flags can
+ * be set, but we ignore the state before adding first row.
+ */
+ hasnulls = (bval->bv_hasnulls || bval->bv_allnulls) && !first_row;
+
addValue = index_getprocinfo(idxRel, keyno + 1,
BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE);
result = FunctionCall4Coll(addValue,
@@ -1738,6 +1802,13 @@ add_values_to_range(Relation idxRel, BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *dtup,
nulls[keyno]);
/* if that returned true, we need to insert the updated tuple */
modified |= DatumGetBool(result);
+
+ /*
+ * If we had NULLS, and the opclass didn't set allnulls=true, clear
+ * hasnulls so that we remember there are NULL values.
+ */
+ if (hasnulls && !bval->bv_allnulls)
+ bval->bv_hasnulls = true;
}
return modified;
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
index 84b79dbfc0..5078754f1e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
@@ -516,8 +516,15 @@ brin_memtuple_initialize(BrinMemTuple *dtuple, BrinDesc *brdesc)
for (i = 0; i < brdesc->bd_tupdesc->natts; i++)
{
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_attno = i + 1;
+
+ /*
+ * Each memtuple starts as if it represents no rows, which is indicated
+ * by having bot allnulls and hasnulls set to true. We track this for
+ * all columns, because we don't have a flag for the whole memtuple.
+ */
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_allnulls = true;
- dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_hasnulls = false;
+ dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_hasnulls = true;
+
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_values = (Datum *) currdatum;
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_mem_value = PointerGetDatum(NULL);
@@ -585,6 +592,13 @@ brin_deform_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BrinTuple *tuple, BrinMemTuple *dMemtuple)
{
int i;
+ /*
+ * Make sure to overwrite the hasnulls flag, because it was initialized
+ * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip it if
+ * allnulls=true.
+ */
+ dtup->bt_columns[keyno].bv_hasnulls = hasnulls[keyno];
+
if (allnulls[keyno])
{
valueno += brdesc->bd_info[keyno]->oi_nstored;
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out b/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
index 2a4755d099..584ac2602f 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ starting permutation: s2check s1b s2b s1i s2summ s1c s2c s2check
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
(1 row)
step s1b: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ step s2c: COMMIT;
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+-----------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
2| 1| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1000}
(2 rows)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ starting permutation: s2check s1b s1i s2vacuum s1c s2check
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
(1 row)
step s1b: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ step s1c: COMMIT;
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+-----------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
2| 1| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1000}
(2 rows)
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec b/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
index 19ac18a2e8..18ba92b7ba 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ setup
) WITH (fillfactor=10);
CREATE INDEX brinidx ON brin_iso USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
-- this fills the first page
+ INSERT INTO brin_iso VALUES (NULL);
DO $$
DECLARE curtid tid;
BEGIN
--
2.39.0
[text/x-patch] 0001-Fix-handling-of-NULLs-in-BRIN-indexes-11-13.patch (12.8K, ../../[email protected]/4-0001-Fix-handling-of-NULLs-in-BRIN-indexes-11-13.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 16047a0dabca1a0a31cc8d86b274859cd1166438 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2023 22:04:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Fix handling of NULLs in BRIN indexes
BRIN indexes did not properly distinguish between summaries for empty
(no rows) and all-NULL ranges. All summaries were initialized with
allnulls=true, and the opclasses simply reset allnulls to false when
processing the first non-NULL value. This however fails if the range
starts with a NULL value (or a sequence of NULL values), in which case
we forget the range contains NULL values.
This happens because the allnulls flag is used for two separate
purposes - to mark empty ranges (not representing any rows yet) and
ranges containing only NULL values.
Opclasses don't know which of these cases it is, and so don't know
whether to set hasnulls=true. Setting hasnulls=true in both cases would
make it correct, but it would also make BRIN indexes useless for queries
with IS NULL clauses - all ranges start empty (and thus allnulls=true),
so all ranges would end up with either allnulls=true or hasnulls=true.
The severity of the issue is somewhat reduced by the fact that it only
happens when adding values to an existing summary with allnulls=true,
not when the summarization is processing values in bulk (e.g. during
CREATE INDEX or automatic summarization). In this case the flags were
updated in a slightly different way, not forgetting the NULL values.
The best solution would be to introduce a new flag marking index tuples
representing ranges with no rows, but that would break on-disk format
and/or ABI, depending on where we put the flag. Considering we need to
backpatch this, that's not acceptable.
So instead we use an "impossible" combination of both flags (allnulls
and hasnulls) set to true, to mark "empty" ranges with no rows. In
principle "empty" is a feature of the whole index tuple, which may
contain multiple summaries in a multi-column index, but this is where
the flags are, unfortunately.
We could also skip storing index tuples for empty summaries, but then
we'd have to always process such ranges - even if there are no rows in
large parts of the table (e.g. after a bulk DELETE), it would still
require reading the pages etc. So we store them, but ignore them when
building the bitmap.
Backpatch to 11. The issue exists since BRIN indexes were introduced in
9.5, but older releases are already EOL.
Backpatch-through: 11
Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby, Matthias van de Meent
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]
---
src/backend/access/brin/brin.c | 46 ++++++++++++++++
src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c | 54 +++++++++++++++++--
src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c | 16 +++++-
...summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out | 8 +--
...ummarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec | 1 +
5 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
index 0becfde113..f1dd39e016 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
@@ -253,8 +253,19 @@ brininsert(Relation idxRel, Datum *values, bool *nulls,
Datum result;
BrinValues *bval;
FmgrInfo *addValue;
+ bool first_row;
+ bool hasnulls;
bval = &dtup->bt_columns[keyno];
+
+ first_row = (bval->bv_hasnulls && bval->bv_allnulls);
+
+ /*
+ * Does the range already have NULL values? Either of the flags can
+ * be set, but we ignore the state before adding first row.
+ */
+ hasnulls = (bval->bv_hasnulls || bval->bv_allnulls) && !first_row;
+
addValue = index_getprocinfo(idxRel, keyno + 1,
BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE);
result = FunctionCall4Coll(addValue,
@@ -265,6 +276,13 @@ brininsert(Relation idxRel, Datum *values, bool *nulls,
nulls[keyno]);
/* if that returned true, we need to insert the updated tuple */
need_insert |= DatumGetBool(result);
+
+ /*
+ * If we had NULLS, and the opclass didn't set allnulls=true, clear
+ * hasnulls so that we remember there are NULL values.
+ */
+ if (hasnulls && !bval->bv_allnulls)
+ bval->bv_hasnulls = true;
}
if (!need_insert)
@@ -508,6 +526,17 @@ bringetbitmap(IndexScanDesc scan, TIDBitmap *tbm)
CurrentMemoryContext);
}
+ /*
+ * If the range has both allnulls and hasnulls set, it means
+ * there are no rows in the range, so we can skip it (we have
+ * scan keys, and we know there's nothing to match).
+ */
+ if (bval->bv_allnulls && bval->bv_hasnulls)
+ {
+ addrange = false;
+ break;
+ }
+
/*
* Check whether the scan key is consistent with the page
* range values; if so, have the pages in the range added
@@ -645,8 +674,19 @@ brinbuildCallback(Relation index,
FmgrInfo *addValue;
BrinValues *col;
Form_pg_attribute attr = TupleDescAttr(state->bs_bdesc->bd_tupdesc, i);
+ bool first_row;
+ bool hasnulls;
col = &state->bs_dtuple->bt_columns[i];
+
+ first_row = (col->bv_hasnulls && col->bv_allnulls);
+
+ /*
+ * Does the range already have NULL values? Either of the flags can
+ * be set, but we ignore the state before adding first row.
+ */
+ hasnulls = (col->bv_hasnulls || col->bv_allnulls) && !first_row;
+
addValue = index_getprocinfo(index, i + 1,
BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE);
@@ -658,6 +698,12 @@ brinbuildCallback(Relation index,
PointerGetDatum(state->bs_bdesc),
PointerGetDatum(col),
values[i], isnull[i]);
+ /*
+ * If we had NULLS, and the opclass didn't set allnulls=true, clear
+ * hasnulls so that we remember there are NULL values.
+ */
+ if (hasnulls && !col->bv_allnulls)
+ col->bv_hasnulls = true;
}
}
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c
index 4b5d6a7213..fe19536c90 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c
@@ -75,14 +75,38 @@ brin_minmax_add_value(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Form_pg_attribute attr;
AttrNumber attno;
+ /*
+ * Is this the first tuple we're adding to the range range? We track
+ * that by setting both bv_hasnulls and bval->bv_allnulls to true
+ * during initialization. But it's not a valid combination (at most
+ * one of those flags should be set), so we reset the second flag.
+ *
+ * XXX The caller is responsible for tracking first_row=true.
+ */
+ if (column->bv_hasnulls && column->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ column->bv_hasnulls = false;
+ updated = true;
+ }
+
/*
* If the new value is null, we record that we saw it if it's the first
* one; otherwise, there's nothing to do.
*/
if (isnull)
{
- if (column->bv_hasnulls)
- PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
+ /*
+ * We used to check "bv_hasnulls" which might result in having both
+ * flags set. That used to be OK, because we just ignore hasnulls
+ * flag in brin_form_tuple when bv_allnulls=true.
+ *
+ * But now we interpret this combination as "first row" so it would
+ * confuse following calls. So make sure to only set one of these
+ * flags - when allnulls=true we're done, as it already marks the
+ * range as containing values.
+ */
+ if (column->bv_allnulls)
+ PG_RETURN_BOOL(updated);
column->bv_hasnulls = true;
PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
@@ -250,11 +274,32 @@ brin_minmax_union(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Assert(col_a->bv_attno == col_b->bv_attno);
- /* Adjust "hasnulls" */
+ /*
+ * If B is empty (represents no rows), ignore it and just keep
+ * A as is (might be empty etc.).
+ */
+ if (col_b->bv_allnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
+ PG_RETURN_VOID();
+
+ /*
+ * Adjust "hasnulls".
+ *
+ * It may happen A has allnulls=true, and we should reset it. We
+ * need to copy the values from B first, which happens later.
+ * We know the next condition can't trigger, because B is not
+ * empty so only one of the flags is true.
+ */
if (!col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
- /* If there are no values in B, there's nothing left to do */
+ /*
+ * If there are no values in B, there's nothing left to do.
+ *
+ * Note this is mutually exclusive with the preceding condition.
+ * We have skipped "empty" B, so hasnulls and allnulls can't be
+ * both true. So if we adjusted hasnulls for A, there have to be
+ * values for B (i.e. we're not terminating here).
+ */
if (col_b->bv_allnulls)
PG_RETURN_VOID();
@@ -269,6 +314,7 @@ brin_minmax_union(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
*/
if (col_a->bv_allnulls)
{
+ /* This also applies if we adjusted hasnulls=true earlier. */
col_a->bv_allnulls = false;
col_a->bv_values[0] = datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[0],
attr->attbyval, attr->attlen);
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
index b3b453aed1..fa0bfd8699 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
@@ -493,8 +493,15 @@ brin_memtuple_initialize(BrinMemTuple *dtuple, BrinDesc *brdesc)
for (i = 0; i < brdesc->bd_tupdesc->natts; i++)
{
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_attno = i + 1;
+
+ /*
+ * Each memtuple starts as if it represents no rows, which is indicated
+ * by having bot allnulls and hasnulls set to true. We track this for
+ * all columns, because we don't have a flag for the whole memtuple.
+ */
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_allnulls = true;
- dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_hasnulls = false;
+ dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_hasnulls = true;
+
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_values = (Datum *) currdatum;
currdatum += sizeof(Datum) * brdesc->bd_info[i]->oi_nstored;
}
@@ -557,6 +564,13 @@ brin_deform_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BrinTuple *tuple, BrinMemTuple *dMemtuple)
{
int i;
+ /*
+ * Make sure to overwrite the hasnulls flag, because it was initialized
+ * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip it if
+ * allnulls=true.
+ */
+ dtup->bt_columns[keyno].bv_hasnulls = hasnulls[keyno];
+
if (allnulls[keyno])
{
valueno += brdesc->bd_info[keyno]->oi_nstored;
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out b/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
index 2a4755d099..584ac2602f 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ starting permutation: s2check s1b s2b s1i s2summ s1c s2c s2check
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
(1 row)
step s1b: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ step s2c: COMMIT;
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+-----------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
2| 1| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1000}
(2 rows)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ starting permutation: s2check s1b s1i s2vacuum s1c s2check
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
(1 row)
step s1b: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ step s1c: COMMIT;
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+-----------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
2| 1| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1000}
(2 rows)
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec b/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
index 19ac18a2e8..18ba92b7ba 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ setup
) WITH (fillfactor=10);
CREATE INDEX brinidx ON brin_iso USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
-- this fills the first page
+ INSERT INTO brin_iso VALUES (NULL);
DO $$
DECLARE curtid tid;
BEGIN
--
2.39.0
[application/x-shellscript] stress-test.sh (5.8K, ../../[email protected]/5-stress-test.sh)
download
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses
2023-01-07 00:37 Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Justin Pryzby <[email protected]>
2023-01-08 23:34 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
@ 2023-02-24 15:53 ` Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
2023-03-03 10:32 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 1 reply; 52+ messages in thread
From: Tomas Vondra @ 2023-02-24 15:53 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Justin Pryzby <[email protected]>; +Cc: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>; Matthias van de Meent <[email protected]>; [email protected]
On 1/9/23 00:34, Tomas Vondra wrote:
>
> I've been working on this over the past couple days, trying to polish
> and commit it over the weekend - both into master and backbranches.
> Sadly, the backpatching part turned out to be a bit more complicated
> than I expected, because of the BRIN reworks in PG14 (done by me, as
> foundation for the new opclasses, so ... well).
>
> Anyway, I got it done, but it's a bit uglier than I hoped for and I
> don't feel like pushing this on Sunday midnight. I think it's correct,
> but maybe another pass to polish it a bit more is better.
>
> So here are two patches - one for 11-13, the other for 14-master.
>
I spent a bit more time on this fix. I realized there are two more
places that need fixes.
Firstly, the placeholder tuple needs to be marked as "empty" too, so
that it can be correctly updated by other backends etc.
Secondly, union_tuples had a couple bugs in handling empty ranges (this
is related to the placeholder tuple changes). I wonder what's the best
way to test this in an automated way - it's very dependent on timing of
the concurrent updated. For example we need to do something like this:
T1: run pg_summarize_range() until it inserts the placeholder tuple
T2: do an insert into the page range (updates placeholder)
T1: continue pg_summarize_range() to merge into the placeholder
But there are no convenient ways to do this, I think. I had to check the
various cases using breakpoints in gdb etc.
I'm not very happy with the union_tuples() changes - it's quite verbose,
perhaps a bit too verbose. We have to check for empty ranges first, and
then various combinations of allnulls/hasnulls flags for both BRIN
tuples. There are 9 combinations, and the current code just checks them
one by one - I was getting repeatedly confused by the original code, but
maybe it's too much.
As for the backpatch, I tried to keep it as close to the 14+ fixes as
possible, but it effectively backports some of the 14+ BRIN changes. In
particular, 14+ moved most of the NULL-handling logic from opclasses to
brin.c, and I think it's reasonable to do that for the backbranches too.
The alternative is to apply the same fix to every BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION
opclass procedure out there. I guess doing that for minmax+inclusion is
not a huge deal, but what about external opclasses? And without the fix
the indexes are effectively broken. Fixing this outside in brin.c (in
the union procedure) fixes this for every opclass procedure, without any
actual limitation of functinality (14+ does that anyway).
But maybe someone thinks this is a bad idea and we should do something
else in the backbranches?
regards
--
Tomas Vondra
EnterpriseDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com
The Enterprise PostgreSQL Company
Attachments:
[text/x-patch] 0001-Fix-handling-of-NULLs-in-BRIN-ind-14-master-20230224.patch (16.8K, ../../[email protected]/2-0001-Fix-handling-of-NULLs-in-BRIN-ind-14-master-20230224.patch)
download | inline diff:
From 0abf47f311bfb0b03e5349b12c8e67ad3d5c0842 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2023 16:43:06 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Fix handling of NULLs in BRIN indexes
BRIN indexes did not properly distinguish between summaries for empty
(no rows) and all-NULL ranges. All summaries were initialized with
allnulls=true, and the opclasses simply reset allnulls to false when
processing the first non-NULL value. This however fails if the range
starts with a NULL value (or a sequence of NULL values), in which case
we forget the range contains NULL values.
This happens because the allnulls flag is used for two separate
purposes - to mark empty ranges (not representing any rows yet) and
ranges containing only NULL values.
Opclasses don't know which of these cases it is, and so don't know
whether to set hasnulls=true. Setting hasnulls=true in both cases would
make it correct, but it would also make BRIN indexes useless for queries
with IS NULL clauses - all ranges start empty (and thus allnulls=true),
so all ranges would end up with either allnulls=true or hasnulls=true.
The severity of the issue is somewhat reduced by the fact that it only
happens when adding values to an existing summary with allnulls=true,
not when the summarization is processing values in bulk (e.g. during
CREATE INDEX or automatic summarization). In this case the flags were
updated in a slightly different way, not forgetting the NULL values.
The best solution would be to introduce a new flag marking index tuples
representing ranges with no rows, but that would break on-disk format
and/or ABI, depending on where we put the flag. Considering we need to
backpatch this, that's not acceptable.
So instead we use an "impossible" combination of both flags (allnulls
and hasnulls) set to true, to mark "empty" ranges with no rows. In
principle "empty" is a feature of the whole index tuple, which may
contain multiple summaries in a multi-column index, but this is where
the flags are, unfortunately.
We could also skip storing index tuples for empty summaries, but then
we'd have to always process such ranges - even if there are no rows in
large parts of the table (e.g. after a bulk DELETE), it would still
require reading the pages etc. So we store them, but ignore them when
building the bitmap.
Backpatch to 11. The issue exists since BRIN indexes were introduced in
9.5, but older releases are already EOL.
Backpatch-through: 11
Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby, Matthias van de Meent
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]
---
src/backend/access/brin/brin.c | 223 +++++++++++++++++-
src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c | 31 ++-
...summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out | 8 +-
...ummarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec | 1 +
4 files changed, 244 insertions(+), 19 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
index b5a5fa7b334..a7c2c072bd4 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ typedef struct BrinOpaque
#define BRIN_ALL_BLOCKRANGES InvalidBlockNumber
+#define BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col) ((col)->bv_allnulls && (col)->bv_hasnulls)
+
static BrinBuildState *initialize_brin_buildstate(Relation idxRel,
BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber pagesPerRange);
static void terminate_brin_buildstate(BrinBuildState *state);
@@ -591,6 +593,17 @@ bringetbitmap(IndexScanDesc scan, TIDBitmap *tbm)
bval = &dtup->bt_columns[attno - 1];
+ /*
+ * If the range has both allnulls and hasnulls set, it means
+ * there are no rows in the range, so we can skip it (we know
+ * there's nothing to match).
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval))
+ {
+ addrange = false;
+ break;
+ }
+
/*
* First check if there are any IS [NOT] NULL scan keys,
* and if we're violating them. In that case we can
@@ -1615,26 +1628,99 @@ union_tuples(BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *a, BrinTuple *b)
if (opcinfo->oi_regular_nulls)
{
- /* Adjust "hasnulls". */
- if (!col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
- col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ /*
+ * If B is empty (represents no rows), ignore it and just keep
+ * A as is (might be empty etc.).
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col_b))
+ continue;
+
+ /*
+ * Now we know B is not empty - it has either NULLs or data, or
+ * some combination of it. We need to merge it into A somehow.
+ *
+ * If A is empty, we simply copy all the flags and data from B.
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col_a))
+ {
+ int i;
+
+ col_a->bv_allnulls = col_b->bv_allnulls;
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = col_b->bv_hasnulls;
+
+ /* If B has no data, we're done. */
+ if (col_b->bv_allnulls)
+ continue;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < opcinfo->oi_nstored; i++)
+ col_a->bv_values[i] =
+ datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[i],
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typbyval,
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typlen);
- /* If there are no values in B, there's nothing left to do. */
- if (col_b->bv_allnulls)
continue;
+ }
/*
- * Adjust "allnulls". If A doesn't have values, just copy the
- * values from B into A, and we're done. We cannot run the
- * operators in this case, because values in A might contain
- * garbage. Note we already established that B contains values.
+ * Both A and B are not empty, and we need to merge B into A.
+ * There are multiple combinations of allnulls/hasnulls flags.
+ * We've handled the "empty" case on either side above, so we
+ * can ignore those cases - which leaves 3 flag combinations
+ * on each side, so 9 combinations in total.
+ *
+ * A:all A:has B:all B:has
+ * true false true false - nothing to do
+ * true false false true - set A:has=true, copy from B
+ * true false false false - set A:has=true, copy from B
+ *
+ * false true true false - nothing to do
+ * false true false true - flags OK, call union proc
+ * false true false false - flags OK, call union proc
+ *
+ * false false true false - set A:has=true
+ * false false false true - set A:has=true, call union proc
+ * false false false false - flags OK, call union proc
*/
- if (col_a->bv_allnulls)
+ if (col_a->bv_allnulls && col_b->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ /* nothing to do - both sides are NULL-only */
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_allnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
{
- int i;
+ int i;
+ /*
+ * A is NULL-only, but B has some non-NULL values too. So the
+ * result has both NULLs and non-NULL values.
+ */
+ col_a->bv_allnulls = false;
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ /* copy data from B to A */
+ for (i = 0; i < opcinfo->oi_nstored; i++)
+ col_a->bv_values[i] =
+ datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[i],
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typbyval,
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typlen);
+
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_allnulls) /* B has no NULLs */
+ {
+ int i;
+
+ /*
+ * A is NULL-only, but B has some non-NULL values too. So the
+ * result has both NULLs and non-NULL values.
+ *
+ * XXX This is the same as the preceding branch, but I've left
+ * it here to keep the branches mapped 1:1 to the table of
+ * combinations.
+ */
col_a->bv_allnulls = false;
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ /* copy data from B to A */
for (i = 0; i < opcinfo->oi_nstored; i++)
col_a->bv_values[i] =
datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[i],
@@ -1643,6 +1729,55 @@ union_tuples(BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *a, BrinTuple *b)
continue;
}
+ else if (col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ /* Nothing to do (flags are correct, no data to copy). */
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
+ {
+ /*
+ * Flags are correct, but both A and B have non-NULL values.
+ * So we have to call the support proc BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION
+ * (so no 'continue' here).
+ */
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_hasnulls) /* B has no NULLs */
+ {
+ /*
+ * B has no NULL values, so flags are OK. But both sides have
+ * some non-NULL values, so we have to call the support proc
+ * (so no 'continue' here).
+ *
+ * XXX Same as the preceding branch, but kept for 1:1 mapping.
+ */
+ }
+ else if (col_b->bv_allnulls) /* A has no NULLs */
+ {
+ /*
+ * Just update the hasnulls flag to remember B has NULL values
+ * and we're done (no data non-NULL values to copy/merge).
+ */
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_b->bv_hasnulls) /* A has no NULLs */
+ {
+ /*
+ * Update the hasnulls flag to remember B has NULL values, but
+ * both sides have some non-NULL data so we needto call the
+ * BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION procedure (so no 'continue' here).
+ */
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * Neither side has any NULL values, both sides have non-NULL
+ * values, so we need to call the BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION proc (so
+ * no 'continue' here).
+ */
+ }
}
unionFn = index_getprocinfo(bdesc->bd_index, keyno + 1,
@@ -1717,19 +1852,67 @@ add_values_to_range(Relation idxRel, BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *dtup,
Datum result;
BrinValues *bval;
FmgrInfo *addValue;
+ bool hasnulls;
bval = &dtup->bt_columns[keyno];
+ /*
+ * Does the range have actual NULL values? Either of the flags can
+ * be set, but we ignore the state before adding first row.
+ *
+ * We have to remember this, because we'll modify the flags and we
+ * need to know if the range started as empty.
+ */
+ hasnulls = (!BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval)) &&
+ (bval->bv_hasnulls || bval->bv_allnulls);
+
+ /*
+ * We need to consider whether the range is empty (not representing
+ * any rows yet), i.e. if it has both flags (allnulls hasnulls) set
+ * to true.
+ *
+ * If the range is empty, we clear the hasnulls flag - after adding
+ * a value it won't be empty anymore. Either it'll be all-NULL (and
+ * leaving allnulls=true covers that), or it will have no NULLs at
+ * all (but building the state is up to the opclass).
+ *
+ * If the range is not empty, we remember if there are NULL values.
+ * In this case both flags can't be set to true (that'd be empty
+ * range), so it's either allnulls=true or hasnulls=true. But the
+ * opclasses clear allnulls when adding the first non-NULL value,
+ * so we need to remember this.
+ *
+ * When adding a null value we can do everything locally, without
+ * calling BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE.
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval))
+ {
+ bval->bv_hasnulls = false;
+ modified = true;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * If the value we're adding is NULL, handle it locally. Otherwise
+ * call the BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE procedure.
+ */
if (bdesc->bd_info[keyno]->oi_regular_nulls && nulls[keyno])
{
/*
* If the new value is null, we record that we saw it if it's the
* first one; otherwise, there's nothing to do.
+ *
+ * We can't check "bv_hasnulls" because then we might end up with
+ * both flags set to true, which is interpreted as empty range.
+ * But that'd be wrong, because we've just added a value.
+ *
+ * So either the range has allnulls=true, or we have to set the
+ * hasnulls flag. Check if we're changing the value to determine
+ * if the index tuple was modified.
*/
- if (!bval->bv_hasnulls)
+ if (!bval->bv_allnulls)
{
+ modified |= (!bval->bv_hasnulls);
bval->bv_hasnulls = true;
- modified = true;
}
continue;
@@ -1745,6 +1928,20 @@ add_values_to_range(Relation idxRel, BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *dtup,
nulls[keyno]);
/* if that returned true, we need to insert the updated tuple */
modified |= DatumGetBool(result);
+
+ /*
+ * If the range was not empty and had NULL values, make sure we don't
+ * forget about the NULL values. Either the allnulls flag is still set
+ * to true, or (if the opclass cleared it) we need to set hasnulls=true.
+ */
+ if (hasnulls && !bval->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ modified |= (!bval->bv_hasnulls);
+ bval->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ }
+
+ /* We've added a row, so the summary should not be empty. */
+ Assert(!BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval));
}
return modified;
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
index 84b79dbfc0d..b2292a0c1a9 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
@@ -417,7 +417,20 @@ brin_form_placeholder_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BlockNumber blkno, Size *size)
*bitP |= bitmask;
}
- /* no need to set hasnulls */
+ /* set hasnulls true for all attributes */
+ for (keyno = 0; keyno < brdesc->bd_tupdesc->natts; keyno++)
+ {
+ if (bitmask != HIGHBIT)
+ bitmask <<= 1;
+ else
+ {
+ bitP += 1;
+ *bitP = 0x0;
+ bitmask = 1;
+ }
+
+ *bitP |= bitmask;
+ }
*size = len;
return rettuple;
@@ -516,8 +529,15 @@ brin_memtuple_initialize(BrinMemTuple *dtuple, BrinDesc *brdesc)
for (i = 0; i < brdesc->bd_tupdesc->natts; i++)
{
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_attno = i + 1;
+
+ /*
+ * Each memtuple starts as if it represents no rows, which is indicated
+ * by having bot allnulls and hasnulls set to true. We track this for
+ * all columns, because we don't have a flag for the whole memtuple.
+ */
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_allnulls = true;
- dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_hasnulls = false;
+ dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_hasnulls = true;
+
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_values = (Datum *) currdatum;
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_mem_value = PointerGetDatum(NULL);
@@ -585,6 +605,13 @@ brin_deform_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BrinTuple *tuple, BrinMemTuple *dMemtuple)
{
int i;
+ /*
+ * Make sure to overwrite the hasnulls flag, because it was initialized
+ * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip it if
+ * allnulls=true.
+ */
+ dtup->bt_columns[keyno].bv_hasnulls = hasnulls[keyno];
+
if (allnulls[keyno])
{
valueno += brdesc->bd_info[keyno]->oi_nstored;
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out b/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
index 2a4755d0998..584ac2602f7 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ starting permutation: s2check s1b s2b s1i s2summ s1c s2c s2check
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
(1 row)
step s1b: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ step s2c: COMMIT;
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+-----------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
2| 1| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1000}
(2 rows)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ starting permutation: s2check s1b s1i s2vacuum s1c s2check
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
(1 row)
step s1b: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ step s1c: COMMIT;
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+-----------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
2| 1| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1000}
(2 rows)
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec b/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
index 19ac18a2e88..18ba92b7ba1 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ setup
) WITH (fillfactor=10);
CREATE INDEX brinidx ON brin_iso USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
-- this fills the first page
+ INSERT INTO brin_iso VALUES (NULL);
DO $$
DECLARE curtid tid;
BEGIN
--
2.39.2
[text/x-patch] 0001-Fix-handling-of-NULLs-in-BRIN-indexes-11-13-20230224.patch (24.4K, ../../[email protected]/3-0001-Fix-handling-of-NULLs-in-BRIN-indexes-11-13-20230224.patch)
download | inline diff:
From fd5f37eafc27f42674768ea5593e3309f5ad07a7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
Date: Sun, 8 Jan 2023 22:04:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Fix handling of NULLs in BRIN indexes
BRIN indexes did not properly distinguish between summaries for empty
(no rows) and all-NULL ranges. All summaries were initialized with
allnulls=true, and the opclasses simply reset allnulls to false when
processing the first non-NULL value. This however fails if the range
starts with a NULL value (or a sequence of NULL values), in which case
we forget the range contains NULL values.
This happens because the allnulls flag is used for two separate
purposes - to mark empty ranges (not representing any rows yet) and
ranges containing only NULL values.
Opclasses don't know which of these cases it is, and so don't know
whether to set hasnulls=true. Setting hasnulls=true in both cases would
make it correct, but it would also make BRIN indexes useless for queries
with IS NULL clauses - all ranges start empty (and thus allnulls=true),
so all ranges would end up with either allnulls=true or hasnulls=true.
The severity of the issue is somewhat reduced by the fact that it only
happens when adding values to an existing summary with allnulls=true,
not when the summarization is processing values in bulk (e.g. during
CREATE INDEX or automatic summarization). In this case the flags were
updated in a slightly different way, not forgetting the NULL values.
The best solution would be to introduce a new flag marking index tuples
representing ranges with no rows, but that would break on-disk format
and/or ABI, depending on where we put the flag. Considering we need to
backpatch this, that's not acceptable.
So instead we use an "impossible" combination of both flags (allnulls
and hasnulls) set to true, to mark "empty" ranges with no rows. In
principle "empty" is a feature of the whole index tuple, which may
contain multiple summaries in a multi-column index, but this is where
the flags are, unfortunately.
We could also skip storing index tuples for empty summaries, but then
we'd have to always process such ranges - even if there are no rows in
large parts of the table (e.g. after a bulk DELETE), it would still
require reading the pages etc. So we store them, but ignore them when
building the bitmap.
Backpatch to 11. The issue exists since BRIN indexes were introduced in
9.5, but older releases are already EOL.
Backpatch-through: 11
Reviewed-by: Justin Pryzby, Matthias van de Meent
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]
---
src/backend/access/brin/brin.c | 337 +++++++++++++++++-
src/backend/access/brin/brin_inclusion.c | 46 +--
src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c | 43 +--
src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c | 31 +-
...summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out | 8 +-
...ummarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec | 1 +
6 files changed, 369 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
index 0becfde1133..5ede5a88367 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
#include "storage/freespace.h"
#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
+#include "utils/datum.h"
#include "utils/index_selfuncs.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/rel.h"
@@ -68,6 +69,8 @@ typedef struct BrinOpaque
#define BRIN_ALL_BLOCKRANGES InvalidBlockNumber
+#define BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col) ((col)->bv_allnulls && (col)->bv_hasnulls)
+
static BrinBuildState *initialize_brin_buildstate(Relation idxRel,
BrinRevmap *revmap, BlockNumber pagesPerRange);
static void terminate_brin_buildstate(BrinBuildState *state);
@@ -253,18 +256,94 @@ brininsert(Relation idxRel, Datum *values, bool *nulls,
Datum result;
BrinValues *bval;
FmgrInfo *addValue;
+ bool hasnulls;
bval = &dtup->bt_columns[keyno];
- addValue = index_getprocinfo(idxRel, keyno + 1,
- BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE);
- result = FunctionCall4Coll(addValue,
- idxRel->rd_indcollation[keyno],
- PointerGetDatum(bdesc),
- PointerGetDatum(bval),
- values[keyno],
- nulls[keyno]);
- /* if that returned true, we need to insert the updated tuple */
- need_insert |= DatumGetBool(result);
+
+ /*
+ * Does the range have actual NULL values? Either of the flags can
+ * be set, but we ignore the state before adding first row.
+ *
+ * We have to remember this, because we'll modify the flags and we
+ * need to know if the range started as empty.
+ */
+ hasnulls = (!BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval)) &&
+ (bval->bv_hasnulls || bval->bv_allnulls);
+
+ /*
+ * We need to consider whether the range is empty (not representing
+ * any rows yet), i.e. if it has both flags (allnulls hasnulls) set
+ * to true.
+ *
+ * If the range is empty, we clear the hasnulls flag - after adding
+ * a value it won't be empty anymore. Either it'll be all-NULL (and
+ * leaving allnulls=true covers that), or it will have no NULLs at
+ * all (but building the state is up to the opclass).
+ *
+ * If the range is not empty, we remember if there are NULL values.
+ * In this case both flags can't be set to true (that'd be empty
+ * range), so it's either allnulls=true or hasnulls=true. But the
+ * opclasses clear allnulls when adding the first non-NULL value,
+ * so we need to remember this.
+ *
+ * When adding a null value we can do everything locally, without
+ * calling BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE.
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval))
+ {
+ bval->bv_hasnulls = false;
+ need_insert = true;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * If the value we're adding is NULL, handle it locally. Otherwise
+ * call the BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE procedure.
+ */
+ if (nulls[keyno])
+ {
+ /*
+ * We can't check "bv_hasnulls" because then we might end up with
+ * both flags set to true, which is interpreted as empty range.
+ * But that'd be wrong, because we've just added a value.
+ *
+ * So either the range has allnulls=true, or we have to set the
+ * hasnulls flag. Check if we're changing the value to determine
+ * if the index tuple was modified.
+ */
+ if (!bval->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ /* Are we changing the tuple? */
+ need_insert |= (!bval->bv_hasnulls);
+ bval->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ addValue = index_getprocinfo(idxRel, keyno + 1,
+ BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE);
+ result = FunctionCall4Coll(addValue,
+ idxRel->rd_indcollation[keyno],
+ PointerGetDatum(bdesc),
+ PointerGetDatum(bval),
+ values[keyno],
+ nulls[keyno]);
+ /* if that returned true, we need to insert the updated tuple */
+ need_insert |= DatumGetBool(result);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * If the range was not an empty range (it'd have hasnulls=false),
+ * make sure we remember there were NULL values. Either the allnulls
+ * flag is still set to true, or we need to set the hasnulls flag.
+ */
+ if (hasnulls && !bval->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ need_insert |= (!bval->bv_hasnulls);
+ bval->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ }
+
+ /* We've added a row, so the summary should not be empty. */
+ Assert(!BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval));
}
if (!need_insert)
@@ -508,6 +587,17 @@ bringetbitmap(IndexScanDesc scan, TIDBitmap *tbm)
CurrentMemoryContext);
}
+ /*
+ * If the range has both allnulls and hasnulls set, it means
+ * there are no rows in the range, so we can skip it (we know
+ * there's nothing to match).
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval))
+ {
+ addrange = false;
+ break;
+ }
+
/*
* Check whether the scan key is consistent with the page
* range values; if so, have the pages in the range added
@@ -645,19 +735,80 @@ brinbuildCallback(Relation index,
FmgrInfo *addValue;
BrinValues *col;
Form_pg_attribute attr = TupleDescAttr(state->bs_bdesc->bd_tupdesc, i);
+ bool hasnulls;
col = &state->bs_dtuple->bt_columns[i];
- addValue = index_getprocinfo(index, i + 1,
- BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE);
+
+ /*
+ * Does the range have actual NULL values? Either of the flags can
+ * be set, but we ignore the state before adding first row.
+ *
+ * We have to remember this, because we'll modify the flags and we
+ * need to know if the range started as empty.
+ */
+ hasnulls = (!BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col)) &&
+ (col->bv_hasnulls || col->bv_allnulls);
+
+ /*
+ * We need to consider whether the range is empty (not representing
+ * any rows yet), i.e. if it has both flags (allnulls hasnulls) set
+ * to true.
+ *
+ * If the range is empty, we clear the hasnulls flag - after adding
+ * a value it won't be empty anymore. Either it'll be all-NULL (and
+ * leaving allnulls=true covers that), or it will have no NULLs at
+ * all (but building the state is up to the opclass).
+ *
+ * If the range is not empty, we remember if there are NULL values.
+ * In this case both flags can't be set to true (that'd be empty
+ * range), so it's either allnulls=true or hasnulls=true. But the
+ * opclasses clear allnulls when adding the first non-NULL value,
+ * so we need to remember this.
+ *
+ * When adding a null value we can do everything locally, without
+ * calling BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE.
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col))
+ col->bv_hasnulls = false;
+
+ if (isnull[i])
+ {
+ /*
+ * We can't check "bv_hasnulls" because then we might end up with
+ * both flags set to true, which is interpreted as empty range.
+ * But that'd be wrong, because we've just added a value.
+ *
+ * So either the range has allnulls=true, or we have to set the
+ * hasnulls flag.
+ */
+ if (!col->bv_allnulls)
+ col->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ addValue = index_getprocinfo(index, i + 1,
+ BRIN_PROCNUM_ADDVALUE);
+
+ /*
+ * Update dtuple state, if and as necessary.
+ */
+ FunctionCall4Coll(addValue,
+ attr->attcollation,
+ PointerGetDatum(state->bs_bdesc),
+ PointerGetDatum(col),
+ values[i], isnull[i]);
+ }
/*
- * Update dtuple state, if and as necessary.
+ * If the range was not an empty range (it'd have hasnulls=false),
+ * make sure we remember there were NULL values. Either the allnulls
+ * flag is still set to true, or we need to set the hasnulls flag.
*/
- FunctionCall4Coll(addValue,
- attr->attcollation,
- PointerGetDatum(state->bs_bdesc),
- PointerGetDatum(col),
- values[i], isnull[i]);
+ if (hasnulls && !col->bv_allnulls)
+ col->bv_hasnulls = true;
+
+ /* We've added a row, so the summary should not be empty. */
+ Assert(!BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col));
}
}
@@ -1468,9 +1619,159 @@ union_tuples(BrinDesc *bdesc, BrinMemTuple *a, BrinTuple *b)
for (keyno = 0; keyno < bdesc->bd_tupdesc->natts; keyno++)
{
FmgrInfo *unionFn;
+ BrinOpcInfo *opcinfo = bdesc->bd_info[keyno];
BrinValues *col_a = &a->bt_columns[keyno];
BrinValues *col_b = &db->bt_columns[keyno];
+ /*
+ * If B is empty (represents no rows), ignore it and just keep
+ * A as is (might be empty etc.).
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col_b))
+ continue;
+
+ /*
+ * Now we know B is not empty - it has either NULLs or data, or
+ * some combination of it. We need to merge it into A somehow.
+ *
+ * If A is empty, we simply copy all the flags and data from B.
+ */
+ if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(col_a))
+ {
+ int i;
+
+ col_a->bv_allnulls = col_b->bv_allnulls;
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = col_b->bv_hasnulls;
+
+ /* If B has no data, we're done. */
+ if (col_b->bv_allnulls)
+ continue;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < opcinfo->oi_nstored; i++)
+ col_a->bv_values[i] =
+ datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[i],
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typbyval,
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typlen);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Both A and B are not empty, and we need to merge B into A.
+ * There are multiple combinations of allnulls/hasnulls flags.
+ * We've handled the "empty" case on either side above, so we
+ * can ignore those cases - which leaves 3 flag combinations
+ * on each side, so 9 combinations in total.
+ *
+ * A:all A:has B:all B:has
+ * true false true false - nothing to do
+ * true false false true - set A:has=true, copy from B
+ * true false false false - set A:has=true, copy from B
+ *
+ * false true true false - nothing to do
+ * false true false true - flags OK, call union proc
+ * false true false false - flags OK, call union proc
+ *
+ * false false true false - set A:has=true
+ * false false false true - set A:has=true, call union proc
+ * false false false false - flags OK, call union proc
+ */
+ if (col_a->bv_allnulls && col_b->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ /* nothing to do - both sides are NULL-only */
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_allnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
+ {
+ int i;
+ /*
+ * A is NULL-only, but B has some non-NULL values too. So the
+ * result has both NULLs and non-NULL values.
+ */
+ col_a->bv_allnulls = false;
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+
+ /* copy data from B to A */
+ for (i = 0; i < opcinfo->oi_nstored; i++)
+ col_a->bv_values[i] =
+ datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[i],
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typbyval,
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typlen);
+
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_allnulls) /* B has no NULLs */
+ {
+ int i;
+
+ /*
+ * A is NULL-only, but B has some non-NULL values too. So the
+ * result has both NULLs and non-NULL values.
+ *
+ * XXX This is the same as the preceding branch, but I've left
+ * it here to keep the branches mapped 1:1 to the table of
+ * combinations.
+ */
+ col_a->bv_allnulls = false;
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+
+ /* copy data from B to A */
+ for (i = 0; i < opcinfo->oi_nstored; i++)
+ col_a->bv_values[i] =
+ datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[i],
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typbyval,
+ opcinfo->oi_typcache[i]->typlen);
+
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_allnulls)
+ {
+ /* Nothing to do (flags are correct, no data to copy). */
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
+ {
+ /*
+ * Flags are correct, but both A and B have non-NULL values.
+ * So we have to call the support proc BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION
+ * (so no 'continue' here).
+ */
+ }
+ else if (col_a->bv_hasnulls) /* B has no NULLs */
+ {
+ /*
+ * B has no NULL values, so flags are OK. But both sides have
+ * some non-NULL values, so we have to call the support proc
+ * (so no 'continue' here).
+ *
+ * XXX Same as the preceding branch, but kept for 1:1 mapping.
+ */
+ }
+ else if (col_b->bv_allnulls) /* A has no NULLs */
+ {
+ /*
+ * Just update the hasnulls flag to remember B has NULL values
+ * and we're done (no data non-NULL values to copy/merge).
+ */
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (col_b->bv_hasnulls) /* A has no NULLs */
+ {
+ /*
+ * Update the hasnulls flag to remember B has NULL values, but
+ * both sides have some non-NULL data so we needto call the
+ * BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION procedure (so no 'continue' here).
+ */
+ col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ /*
+ * Neither side has any NULL values, both sides have non-NULL
+ * values, so we need to call the BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION proc (so
+ * no 'continue' here).
+ */
+ }
+
unionFn = index_getprocinfo(bdesc->bd_index, keyno + 1,
BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION);
FunctionCall3Coll(unionFn,
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_inclusion.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_inclusion.c
index 7e380d66ed5..f9217ca8254 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_inclusion.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_inclusion.c
@@ -147,18 +147,8 @@ brin_inclusion_add_value(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
AttrNumber attno;
Form_pg_attribute attr;
- /*
- * If the new value is null, we record that we saw it if it's the first
- * one; otherwise, there's nothing to do.
- */
- if (isnull)
- {
- if (column->bv_hasnulls)
- PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
-
- column->bv_hasnulls = true;
- PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
- }
+ /* We're not passing NULL values to the opclass anymore. */
+ Assert(!isnull);
attno = column->bv_attno;
attr = TupleDescAttr(bdesc->bd_tupdesc, attno - 1);
@@ -517,36 +507,16 @@ brin_inclusion_union(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Assert(col_a->bv_attno == col_b->bv_attno);
- /* Adjust "hasnulls". */
- if (!col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
- col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
-
- /* If there are no values in B, there's nothing left to do. */
- if (col_b->bv_allnulls)
- PG_RETURN_VOID();
+ /*
+ * All-null summaries are no longer passed to the union proc (this also
+ * implies the summaries are not empty).
+ */
+ Assert(!col_a->bv_allnulls);
+ Assert(!col_b->bv_allnulls);
attno = col_a->bv_attno;
attr = TupleDescAttr(bdesc->bd_tupdesc, attno - 1);
- /*
- * Adjust "allnulls". If A doesn't have values, just copy the values from
- * B into A, and we're done. We cannot run the operators in this case,
- * because values in A might contain garbage. Note we already established
- * that B contains values.
- */
- if (col_a->bv_allnulls)
- {
- col_a->bv_allnulls = false;
- col_a->bv_values[INCLUSION_UNION] =
- datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[INCLUSION_UNION],
- attr->attbyval, attr->attlen);
- col_a->bv_values[INCLUSION_UNMERGEABLE] =
- col_b->bv_values[INCLUSION_UNMERGEABLE];
- col_a->bv_values[INCLUSION_CONTAINS_EMPTY] =
- col_b->bv_values[INCLUSION_CONTAINS_EMPTY];
- PG_RETURN_VOID();
- }
-
/* If B includes empty elements, mark A similarly, if needed. */
if (!DatumGetBool(col_a->bv_values[INCLUSION_CONTAINS_EMPTY]) &&
DatumGetBool(col_b->bv_values[INCLUSION_CONTAINS_EMPTY]))
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c
index 4b5d6a72135..f2748d2e267 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_minmax.c
@@ -75,18 +75,8 @@ brin_minmax_add_value(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Form_pg_attribute attr;
AttrNumber attno;
- /*
- * If the new value is null, we record that we saw it if it's the first
- * one; otherwise, there's nothing to do.
- */
- if (isnull)
- {
- if (column->bv_hasnulls)
- PG_RETURN_BOOL(false);
-
- column->bv_hasnulls = true;
- PG_RETURN_BOOL(true);
- }
+ /* We're not passing NULL values to the opclass anymore. */
+ Assert(!isnull);
attno = column->bv_attno;
attr = TupleDescAttr(bdesc->bd_tupdesc, attno - 1);
@@ -250,33 +240,16 @@ brin_minmax_union(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
Assert(col_a->bv_attno == col_b->bv_attno);
- /* Adjust "hasnulls" */
- if (!col_a->bv_hasnulls && col_b->bv_hasnulls)
- col_a->bv_hasnulls = true;
-
- /* If there are no values in B, there's nothing left to do */
- if (col_b->bv_allnulls)
- PG_RETURN_VOID();
+ /*
+ * All-null summaries are no longer passed to the union proc (this also
+ * implies the summaries are not empty).
+ */
+ Assert(!col_a->bv_allnulls);
+ Assert(!col_b->bv_allnulls);
attno = col_a->bv_attno;
attr = TupleDescAttr(bdesc->bd_tupdesc, attno - 1);
- /*
- * Adjust "allnulls". If A doesn't have values, just copy the values from
- * B into A, and we're done. We cannot run the operators in this case,
- * because values in A might contain garbage. Note we already established
- * that B contains values.
- */
- if (col_a->bv_allnulls)
- {
- col_a->bv_allnulls = false;
- col_a->bv_values[0] = datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[0],
- attr->attbyval, attr->attlen);
- col_a->bv_values[1] = datumCopy(col_b->bv_values[1],
- attr->attbyval, attr->attlen);
- PG_RETURN_VOID();
- }
-
/* Adjust minimum, if B's min is less than A's min */
finfo = minmax_get_strategy_procinfo(bdesc, attno, attr->atttypid,
BTLessStrategyNumber);
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
index b3b453aed12..861dc76b7d3 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
@@ -394,7 +394,20 @@ brin_form_placeholder_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BlockNumber blkno, Size *size)
*bitP |= bitmask;
}
- /* no need to set hasnulls */
+ /* set hasnulls true for all attributes */
+ for (keyno = 0; keyno < brdesc->bd_tupdesc->natts; keyno++)
+ {
+ if (bitmask != HIGHBIT)
+ bitmask <<= 1;
+ else
+ {
+ bitP += 1;
+ *bitP = 0x0;
+ bitmask = 1;
+ }
+
+ *bitP |= bitmask;
+ }
*size = len;
return rettuple;
@@ -493,8 +506,15 @@ brin_memtuple_initialize(BrinMemTuple *dtuple, BrinDesc *brdesc)
for (i = 0; i < brdesc->bd_tupdesc->natts; i++)
{
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_attno = i + 1;
+
+ /*
+ * Each memtuple starts as if it represents no rows, which is indicated
+ * by having bot allnulls and hasnulls set to true. We track this for
+ * all columns, because we don't have a flag for the whole memtuple.
+ */
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_allnulls = true;
- dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_hasnulls = false;
+ dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_hasnulls = true;
+
dtuple->bt_columns[i].bv_values = (Datum *) currdatum;
currdatum += sizeof(Datum) * brdesc->bd_info[i]->oi_nstored;
}
@@ -557,6 +577,13 @@ brin_deform_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BrinTuple *tuple, BrinMemTuple *dMemtuple)
{
int i;
+ /*
+ * Make sure to overwrite the hasnulls flag, because it was initialized
+ * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip it if
+ * allnulls=true.
+ */
+ dtup->bt_columns[keyno].bv_hasnulls = hasnulls[keyno];
+
if (allnulls[keyno])
{
valueno += brdesc->bd_info[keyno]->oi_nstored;
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out b/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
index 2a4755d0998..584ac2602f7 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/expected/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.out
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ starting permutation: s2check s1b s2b s1i s2summ s1c s2c s2check
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
(1 row)
step s1b: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ step s2c: COMMIT;
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+-----------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
2| 1| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1000}
(2 rows)
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ starting permutation: s2check s1b s1i s2vacuum s1c s2check
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
(1 row)
step s1b: BEGIN ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ step s1c: COMMIT;
step s2check: SELECT * FROM brin_page_items(get_raw_page('brinidx', 2), 'brinidx'::regclass);
itemoffset|blknum|attnum|allnulls|hasnulls|placeholder|value
----------+------+------+--------+--------+-----------+-----------
- 1| 0| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1}
+ 1| 0| 1|f |t |f |{1 .. 1}
2| 1| 1|f |f |f |{1 .. 1000}
(2 rows)
diff --git a/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec b/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
index 19ac18a2e88..18ba92b7ba1 100644
--- a/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
+++ b/src/test/modules/brin/specs/summarization-and-inprogress-insertion.spec
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ setup
) WITH (fillfactor=10);
CREATE INDEX brinidx ON brin_iso USING brin (value) WITH (pages_per_range=1);
-- this fills the first page
+ INSERT INTO brin_iso VALUES (NULL);
DO $$
DECLARE curtid tid;
BEGIN
--
2.39.2
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
* Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses
2023-01-07 00:37 Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Justin Pryzby <[email protected]>
2023-01-08 23:34 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
2023-02-24 15:53 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
@ 2023-03-03 10:32 ` Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
0 siblings, 0 replies; 52+ messages in thread
From: Alvaro Herrera @ 2023-03-03 10:32 UTC (permalink / raw)
To: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>; +Cc: Justin Pryzby <[email protected]>; Matthias van de Meent <[email protected]>; [email protected]
Thanks for doing all this. (Do I understand correctly that this patch
is not in the commitfest?)
I think my mental model for this was that "allnulls" meant that either
there are no values for the column in question or that the values were
all nulls (For minmax without NULL handling, which is where this all
started, these two things are essentially the same: the range is not to
be returned. So this became a bug the instant I added handling for NULL
values.) I failed to realize that these were two different things, and
this is likely the origin of all these troubles.
What do you think of using the unused bit in BrinTuple->bt_info to
denote a range that contains no heap tuples? This also means we need it
in BrinMemTuple, I think we can do this:
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ typedef struct BrinValues
typedef struct BrinMemTuple
{
bool bt_placeholder; /* this is a placeholder tuple */
+ bool bt_empty_range; /* range has no tuples */
BlockNumber bt_blkno; /* heap blkno that the tuple is for */
MemoryContext bt_context; /* memcxt holding the bt_columns values */
/* output arrays for brin_deform_tuple: */
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ typedef struct BrinTuple
*
* 7th (high) bit: has nulls
* 6th bit: is placeholder tuple
- * 5th bit: unused
+ * 5th bit: range has no tuples
* 4-0 bit: offset of data
* ---------------
*/
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ typedef struct BrinTuple
* bt_info manipulation macros
*/
#define BRIN_OFFSET_MASK 0x1F
-/* bit 0x20 is not used at present */
+#define BRIN_EMPTY_RANGE 0x20
#define BRIN_PLACEHOLDER_MASK 0x40
#define BRIN_NULLS_MASK 0x80
(Note that bt_empty_range uses a hole in the struct, so there's no ABI
change.)
This is BRIN-tuple-level, not column-level, so conceptually it seems
more appropriate. (In the case where both are empty in union_tuples, we
can return without entering the per-attribute loop at all, though I
admit it's not a very interesting case.) This approach avoids having to
invent the strange combination of all+has to mean empty.
On 2023-Feb-24, Tomas Vondra wrote:
> I wonder what's the best
> way to test this in an automated way - it's very dependent on timing of
> the concurrent updated. For example we need to do something like this:
>
> T1: run pg_summarize_range() until it inserts the placeholder tuple
> T2: do an insert into the page range (updates placeholder)
> T1: continue pg_summarize_range() to merge into the placeholder
>
> But there are no convenient ways to do this, I think. I had to check the
> various cases using breakpoints in gdb etc.
Yeah, I struggled with this during initial development but in the end
did nothing. I think we would need to introduce some new framework,
perhaps Korotkov stop-events stuff at
https://postgr.es/m/CAPpHfdsTeb+hBT5=qxghjNG_cHcJLDaNQ9sdy9vNwBF2E2PuZA@mail.gmail.com
which seemed to me a good fit -- we would add a stop point after the
placeholder tuple is inserted.
> I'm not very happy with the union_tuples() changes - it's quite verbose,
> perhaps a bit too verbose. We have to check for empty ranges first, and
> then various combinations of allnulls/hasnulls flags for both BRIN
> tuples. There are 9 combinations, and the current code just checks them
> one by one - I was getting repeatedly confused by the original code, but
> maybe it's too much.
I think it's okay. I tried to make it more compact (by saying "these
two combinations here are case 2, and these two other are case 4", and
keeping each of the other combinations a separate case; so there are
really 7 cases). But that doesn't make it any easier to follow, on the
contrary it was more convoluted. I think a dozen extra lines of source
is not a problem.
> The alternative is to apply the same fix to every BRIN_PROCNUM_UNION
> opclass procedure out there. I guess doing that for minmax+inclusion is
> not a huge deal, but what about external opclasses? And without the fix
> the indexes are effectively broken. Fixing this outside in brin.c (in
> the union procedure) fixes this for every opclass procedure, without any
> actual limitation of functinality (14+ does that anyway).
About the hypothetical question, you could as well ask what about
unicorns. I have never seen any hint that any external opclass exist.
I am all for maintaining compatibility, but I think this concern is
overblown for BRIN. Anyway, I think your proposed fix is better than
changing individual 'union' support procs, so it doesn't matter.
As far as I understood, you're now worried that there will be an
incompatibility because we will fail to call the 'union' procedure in
cases where we previously called it? In other words, you fear that some
hypothetical opclass was handling the NULL values in some way that's
incompatible with this? I haven't thought terribly hard about this, but
I can't see a way for this to cause incompatibilities.
> But maybe someone thinks this is a bad idea and we should do something
> else in the backbranches?
I think the new handling of NULLs in commit 72ccf55cb99c ("Move IS [NOT]
NULL handling from BRIN support functions") is better than what was
there before, so I don't object to backpatching it now that we know it's
necessary to fix a bug, and also we have field experience that the
approach is solid.
The attached patch is just a pointer to comments that I think need light
edition. There's also a typo "bot" (for "both") in a comment that I
think would go away if you accept my suggestion to store 'empty' at the
tuple level. Note that I worked with the REL_14_STABLE sources, because
for some reason I thought that that was the newest that needed
backpatching of 72ccf55cb99c, but now that I'm finishing this email I
realize that I should have used 13 instead /facepalm
--
Álvaro Herrera PostgreSQL Developer — https://www.EnterpriseDB.com/
"La persona que no quería pecar / estaba obligada a sentarse
en duras y empinadas sillas / desprovistas, por cierto
de blandos atenuantes" (Patricio Vogel)
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
index 95ed4ef362..0dddc6fa9c 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
@@ -594,9 +594,9 @@ bringetbitmap(IndexScanDesc scan, TIDBitmap *tbm)
bval = &dtup->bt_columns[attno - 1];
/*
- * If the range has both allnulls and hasnulls set, it means
- * there are no rows in the range, so we can skip it (we know
- * there's nothing to match).
+ * If the BRIN tuple indicates that this range is empty,
+ * we can skip it: there's nothing to match. We don't
+ * need to examine the next columns.
*/
if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval))
{
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
index 7355e330f9..b3ba5ac365 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
@@ -607,8 +607,8 @@ brin_deform_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BrinTuple *tuple, BrinMemTuple *dMemtuple)
/*
* Make sure to overwrite the hasnulls flag, because it was initialized
- * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip it if
- * allnulls=true.
+ * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip [it] if
+ * allnulls=true. (XXX "it" what?)
*/
dtup->bt_columns[keyno].bv_hasnulls = hasnulls[keyno];
Attachments:
[text/plain] minor-fixes.patch.txt (1.3K, ../../[email protected]/2-minor-fixes.patch.txt)
download | inline diff:
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
index 95ed4ef362..0dddc6fa9c 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin.c
@@ -594,9 +594,9 @@ bringetbitmap(IndexScanDesc scan, TIDBitmap *tbm)
bval = &dtup->bt_columns[attno - 1];
/*
- * If the range has both allnulls and hasnulls set, it means
- * there are no rows in the range, so we can skip it (we know
- * there's nothing to match).
+ * If the BRIN tuple indicates that this range is empty,
+ * we can skip it: there's nothing to match. We don't
+ * need to examine the next columns.
*/
if (BRIN_RANGE_IS_EMPTY(bval))
{
diff --git a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
index 7355e330f9..b3ba5ac365 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/brin/brin_tuple.c
@@ -607,8 +607,8 @@ brin_deform_tuple(BrinDesc *brdesc, BrinTuple *tuple, BrinMemTuple *dMemtuple)
/*
* Make sure to overwrite the hasnulls flag, because it was initialized
- * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip it if
- * allnulls=true.
+ * to true by brin_memtuple_initialize and we don't want to skip [it] if
+ * allnulls=true. (XXX "it" what?)
*/
dtup->bt_columns[keyno].bv_hasnulls = hasnulls[keyno];
^ permalink raw reply [nested|flat] 52+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2023-03-03 10:32 UTC | newest]
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2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-13 10:01 [PATCH 3/3] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2021-03-15 15:10 [PATCH v10 2/2] fk_arrays_elems Mark Rofail <[email protected]>
2023-01-07 00:37 Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Justin Pryzby <[email protected]>
2023-01-08 23:34 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
2023-02-24 15:53 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>
2023-03-03 10:32 ` Re: Missing update of all_hasnulls in BRIN opclasses Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>
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