Subject: [PATCH v23 09/15] Add regression tests for Incremental View Maintenance

From: Takuma Hoshiai <[email-masked]>
Date: Wed, 10 Mar 2021 11:11:13 +0900

---
 .../regress/expected/incremental_matview.out  | 799 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/test/regress/parallel_schedule            |   2 +-
 src/test/regress/sql/incremental_matview.sql  | 400 +++++++++
 3 files changed, 1200 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 src/test/regress/expected/incremental_matview.out
 create mode 100644 src/test/regress/sql/incremental_matview.sql

diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/incremental_matview.out b/src/test/regress/expected/incremental_matview.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fe5bc734e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/incremental_matview.out
@@ -0,0 +1,799 @@
+-- create a table to use as a basis for views and materialized views in various combinations
+CREATE TABLE mv_base_a (i int, j int);
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES
+  (1,10),
+  (2,20),
+  (3,30),
+  (4,40),
+  (5,50);
+CREATE TABLE mv_base_b (i int, k int);
+INSERT INTO mv_base_b VALUES
+  (1,101),
+  (2,102),
+  (3,103),
+  (4,104);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_1 AS SELECT i,j,k FROM mv_base_a a INNER JOIN mv_base_b b USING(i) WITH NO DATA;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv_ivm_1" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ERROR:  materialized view "mv_ivm_1" has not been populated
+HINT:  Use the REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW command.
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_1;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | j  |  k  
+---+----+-----
+ 1 | 10 | 101
+ 2 | 20 | 102
+ 3 | 30 | 103
+ 4 | 40 | 104
+(4 rows)
+
+-- immediate maintenance
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_b VALUES(5,105);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | j  |  k  
+---+----+-----
+ 1 | 10 | 101
+ 2 | 20 | 102
+ 3 | 30 | 103
+ 4 | 40 | 104
+ 5 | 50 | 105
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE mv_base_a SET j = 0 WHERE i = 1;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | j  |  k  
+---+----+-----
+ 1 |  0 | 101
+ 2 | 20 | 102
+ 3 | 30 | 103
+ 4 | 40 | 104
+ 5 | 50 | 105
+(5 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM mv_base_b WHERE (i,k) = (5,105);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | j  |  k  
+---+----+-----
+ 1 |  0 | 101
+ 2 | 20 | 102
+ 3 | 30 | 103
+ 4 | 40 | 104
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | j  |  k  
+---+----+-----
+ 1 | 10 | 101
+ 2 | 20 | 102
+ 3 | 30 | 103
+ 4 | 40 | 104
+(4 rows)
+
+-- rename of IVM columns
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_rename AS SELECT DISTINCT * FROM mv_base_a;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_ivm_rename_index" on materialized view "mv_ivm_rename"
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_rename RENAME COLUMN __ivm_count__ TO xxx;
+ERROR:  IVM column can not be renamed
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_rename;
+-- unique index on IVM columns
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_unique AS SELECT DISTINCT * FROM mv_base_a;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_ivm_unique_index" on materialized view "mv_ivm_unique"
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mv_ivm_unique(__ivm_count__);
+ERROR:  unique index creation on IVM columns is not supported
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mv_ivm_unique((__ivm_count__));
+ERROR:  unique index creation on IVM columns is not supported
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mv_ivm_unique((__ivm_count__ + 1));
+ERROR:  unique index creation on IVM columns is not supported
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_unique;
+-- some query syntax
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION ivm_func() RETURNS int LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT 1' IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_func AS SELECT * FROM ivm_func();
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv_ivm_func" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_no_tbl AS SELECT 1;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv_ivm_no_tbl" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+ROLLBACK;
+-- result of materialized view have DISTINCT clause or the duplicate result.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_duplicate AS SELECT j FROM mv_base_a;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv_ivm_duplicate" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_distinct AS SELECT DISTINCT j FROM mv_base_a;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_ivm_distinct_index" on materialized view "mv_ivm_distinct"
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES(6,20);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_duplicate ORDER BY 1;
+ j  
+----
+ 10
+ 20
+ 20
+ 30
+ 40
+ 50
+(6 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_distinct ORDER BY 1;
+ j  
+----
+ 10
+ 20
+ 30
+ 40
+ 50
+(5 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) = (2,20);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_duplicate ORDER BY 1;
+ j  
+----
+ 10
+ 20
+ 30
+ 40
+ 50
+(5 rows)
+
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_distinct ORDER BY 1;
+ j  
+----
+ 10
+ 20
+ 30
+ 40
+ 50
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- support SUM(), COUNT() and AVG() aggregate functions
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_agg AS SELECT i, SUM(j), COUNT(i), AVG(j) FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY i;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_ivm_agg_index" on materialized view "mv_ivm_agg"
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3,4;
+ i | sum | count |         avg         
+---+-----+-------+---------------------
+ 1 |  10 |     1 | 10.0000000000000000
+ 2 |  20 |     1 | 20.0000000000000000
+ 3 |  30 |     1 | 30.0000000000000000
+ 4 |  40 |     1 | 40.0000000000000000
+ 5 |  50 |     1 | 50.0000000000000000
+(5 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES(2,100);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3,4;
+ i | sum | count |         avg         
+---+-----+-------+---------------------
+ 1 |  10 |     1 | 10.0000000000000000
+ 2 | 120 |     2 | 60.0000000000000000
+ 3 |  30 |     1 | 30.0000000000000000
+ 4 |  40 |     1 | 40.0000000000000000
+ 5 |  50 |     1 | 50.0000000000000000
+(5 rows)
+
+UPDATE mv_base_a SET j = 200 WHERE (i,j) = (2,100);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3,4;
+ i | sum | count |         avg          
+---+-----+-------+----------------------
+ 1 |  10 |     1 |  10.0000000000000000
+ 2 | 220 |     2 | 110.0000000000000000
+ 3 |  30 |     1 |  30.0000000000000000
+ 4 |  40 |     1 |  40.0000000000000000
+ 5 |  50 |     1 |  50.0000000000000000
+(5 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) = (2,200);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3,4;
+ i | sum | count |         avg         
+---+-----+-------+---------------------
+ 1 |  10 |     1 | 10.0000000000000000
+ 2 |  20 |     1 | 20.0000000000000000
+ 3 |  30 |     1 | 30.0000000000000000
+ 4 |  40 |     1 | 40.0000000000000000
+ 5 |  50 |     1 | 50.0000000000000000
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- support COUNT(*) aggregate function
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_agg AS SELECT i, SUM(j), COUNT(*) FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY i;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_ivm_agg_index" on materialized view "mv_ivm_agg"
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | sum | count 
+---+-----+-------
+ 1 |  10 |     1
+ 2 |  20 |     1
+ 3 |  30 |     1
+ 4 |  40 |     1
+ 5 |  50 |     1
+(5 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES(2,100);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | sum | count 
+---+-----+-------
+ 1 |  10 |     1
+ 2 | 120 |     2
+ 3 |  30 |     1
+ 4 |  40 |     1
+ 5 |  50 |     1
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- support aggregate functions without GROUP clause
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_group AS SELECT SUM(j), COUNT(j), AVG(j) FROM mv_base_a;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv_ivm_group" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_group ORDER BY 1;
+ sum | count |         avg         
+-----+-------+---------------------
+ 150 |     5 | 30.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES(6,60);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_group ORDER BY 1;
+ sum | count |         avg         
+-----+-------+---------------------
+ 210 |     6 | 35.0000000000000000
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_group ORDER BY 1;
+ sum | count | avg 
+-----+-------+-----
+     |     0 |    
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- resolved issue: When use AVG() function and values is indivisible, result of AVG() is incorrect.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_avg_bug AS SELECT i, SUM(j), COUNT(j), AVG(j) FROM mv_base_A GROUP BY i;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_ivm_avg_bug_index" on materialized view "mv_ivm_avg_bug"
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_avg_bug ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | sum | count |         avg         
+---+-----+-------+---------------------
+ 1 |  10 |     1 | 10.0000000000000000
+ 2 |  20 |     1 | 20.0000000000000000
+ 3 |  30 |     1 | 30.0000000000000000
+ 4 |  40 |     1 | 40.0000000000000000
+ 5 |  50 |     1 | 50.0000000000000000
+(5 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES
+  (1,0),
+  (1,0),
+  (2,30),
+  (2,30);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_avg_bug ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | sum | count |         avg         
+---+-----+-------+---------------------
+ 1 |  10 |     3 |  3.3333333333333333
+ 2 |  80 |     3 | 26.6666666666666667
+ 3 |  30 |     1 | 30.0000000000000000
+ 4 |  40 |     1 | 40.0000000000000000
+ 5 |  50 |     1 | 50.0000000000000000
+(5 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) = (1,0);
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) = (2,30);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_avg_bug ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | sum | count |         avg         
+---+-----+-------+---------------------
+ 1 |  10 |     1 | 10.0000000000000000
+ 2 |  20 |     1 | 20.0000000000000000
+ 3 |  30 |     1 | 30.0000000000000000
+ 4 |  40 |     1 | 40.0000000000000000
+ 5 |  50 |     1 | 50.0000000000000000
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- support MIN(), MAX() aggregate functions
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_min_max AS SELECT i, MIN(j), MAX(j)  FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY i;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_ivm_min_max_index" on materialized view "mv_ivm_min_max"
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | min | max 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 |  10 |  10
+ 2 |  20 |  20
+ 3 |  30 |  30
+ 4 |  40 |  40
+ 5 |  50 |  50
+(5 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES
+  (1,11), (1,12),
+  (2,21), (2,22),
+  (3,31), (3,32),
+  (4,41), (4,42),
+  (5,51), (5,52);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | min | max 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 |  10 |  12
+ 2 |  20 |  22
+ 3 |  30 |  32
+ 4 |  40 |  42
+ 5 |  50 |  52
+(5 rows)
+
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) IN ((1,10), (2,21), (3,32));
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ i | min | max 
+---+-----+-----
+ 1 |  11 |  12
+ 2 |  20 |  22
+ 3 |  30 |  31
+ 4 |  40 |  42
+ 5 |  50 |  52
+(5 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- support MIN(), MAX() aggregate functions without GROUP clause
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_min_max AS SELECT MIN(j), MAX(j)  FROM mv_base_a;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv_ivm_min_max" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+  10 |  50
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES
+  (0,0), (6,60), (7,70);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+   0 |  70
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) IN ((0,0), (7,70));
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+  10 |  60
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max;
+ min | max 
+-----+-----
+     |    
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- support self join view and multiple change on the same table
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_self(v1, v2) AS
+ SELECT t1.v, t2.v FROM base_t AS t1 JOIN base_t AS t2 ON t1.i = t2.i;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv_self" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+SELECT * FROM mv_self ORDER BY v1;
+ v1 | v2 
+----+----
+ 10 | 10
+ 20 | 20
+ 30 | 30
+(3 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (4,40);
+DELETE FROM base_t WHERE i = 1;
+UPDATE base_t SET v = v*10 WHERE i=2;
+SELECT * FROM mv_self ORDER BY v1;
+ v1  | v2  
+-----+-----
+  30 |  30
+  40 |  40
+ 200 | 200
+(3 rows)
+
+WITH
+ ins_t1 AS (INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (5,50) RETURNING 1),
+ ins_t2 AS (INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (6,60) RETURNING 1),
+ upd_t AS (UPDATE base_t SET v = v + 100  RETURNING 1),
+ dlt_t AS (DELETE FROM base_t WHERE i IN (4,5)  RETURNING 1)
+SELECT NULL;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mv_self ORDER BY v1;
+ v1  | v2  
+-----+-----
+  50 |  50
+  60 |  60
+ 130 | 130
+ 300 | 300
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- support simultaneous table changes
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_r (i int, v int);
+CREATE TABLE base_s (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_r VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30);
+INSERT INTO base_s VALUES (1, 100), (2, 200), (3, 300);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv(v1, v2) AS
+ SELECT r.v, s.v FROM base_r AS r JOIN base_s AS s USING(i);
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY v1;
+ v1 | v2  
+----+-----
+ 10 | 100
+ 20 | 200
+ 30 | 300
+(3 rows)
+
+WITH
+ ins_r AS (INSERT INTO base_r VALUES (1,11) RETURNING 1),
+ ins_r2 AS (INSERT INTO base_r VALUES (3,33) RETURNING 1),
+ ins_s AS (INSERT INTO base_s VALUES (2,222) RETURNING 1),
+ upd_r AS (UPDATE base_r SET v = v + 1000 WHERE i = 2 RETURNING 1),
+ dlt_s AS (DELETE FROM base_s WHERE i = 3 RETURNING 1)
+SELECT NULL;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ 
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY v1;
+  v1  | v2  
+------+-----
+   10 | 100
+   11 | 100
+ 1020 | 200
+ 1020 | 222
+(4 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- support foreign reference constraints
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE ri1 (i int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE ri2 (i int PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES ri1(i) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE, v int);
+INSERT INTO ri1 VALUES (1),(2),(3);
+INSERT INTO ri2 VALUES (1),(2),(3);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ri(i1, i2) AS
+ SELECT ri1.i, ri2.i FROM ri1 JOIN ri2 USING(i);
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_ri_index" on materialized view "mv_ri"
+SELECT * FROM mv_ri ORDER BY i1;
+ i1 | i2 
+----+----
+  1 |  1
+  2 |  2
+  3 |  3
+(3 rows)
+
+UPDATE ri1 SET i=10 where i=1;
+DELETE FROM ri1 WHERE i=2;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ri ORDER BY i2;
+ i1 | i2 
+----+----
+  3 |  3
+ 10 | 10
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- views including NULL
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (1,10),(2, NULL);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT * FROM base_t;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i | v  
+---+----
+ 1 | 10
+ 2 |   
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE base_t SET v = 20 WHERE i = 2;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i | v  
+---+----
+ 1 | 10
+ 2 | 20
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT * FROM base_t;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i 
+---
+(0 rows)
+
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (1),(NULL);
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i 
+---
+ 1
+  
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (NULL, 1), (NULL, 2), (1, 10), (1, 20);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT i, sum(v) FROM base_t GROUP BY i;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_index" on materialized view "mv"
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 |  30
+   |   3
+(2 rows)
+
+UPDATE base_t SET v = v * 10;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i | sum 
+---+-----
+ 1 | 300
+   |  30
+(2 rows)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (NULL, 1), (NULL, 2), (NULL, 3), (NULL, 4), (NULL, 5);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT i, min(v), max(v) FROM base_t GROUP BY i;
+NOTICE:  created index "mv_index" on materialized view "mv"
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i | min | max 
+---+-----+-----
+   |   1 |   5
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM base_t WHERE v = 1;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i | min | max 
+---+-----+-----
+   |   2 |   5
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM base_t WHERE v = 3;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i | min | max 
+---+-----+-----
+   |   2 |   5
+(1 row)
+
+DELETE FROM base_t WHERE v = 5;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ i | min | max 
+---+-----+-----
+   |   2 |   4
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- IMMV containing user defined type
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TYPE mytype;
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_in(cstring)
+ RETURNS mytype AS 'int4in'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  return type mytype is only a shell
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_out(mytype)
+ RETURNS cstring AS 'int4out'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+NOTICE:  argument type mytype is only a shell
+CREATE TYPE mytype (
+ LIKE = int4,
+ INPUT = mytype_in,
+ OUTPUT = mytype_out
+);
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_eq(mytype, mytype)
+ RETURNS bool AS 'int4eq'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_lt(mytype, mytype)
+ RETURNS bool AS 'int4lt'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_cmp(mytype, mytype)
+ RETURNS integer AS 'btint4cmp'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE OPERATOR = (
+ leftarg = mytype, rightarg = mytype,
+ procedure = mytype_eq);
+CREATE OPERATOR < (
+ leftarg = mytype, rightarg = mytype,
+ procedure = mytype_lt);
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS mytype_ops
+ DEFAULT FOR TYPE mytype USING btree AS
+ OPERATOR        1       <,
+ OPERATOR        3       = ,
+ FUNCTION		1		mytype_cmp(mytype,mytype);
+CREATE TABLE t_mytype (x mytype);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_mytype AS
+ SELECT * FROM t_mytype;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "mv_mytype" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+INSERT INTO t_mytype VALUES ('1'::mytype);
+SELECT * FROM mv_mytype;
+ x 
+---
+ 1
+(1 row)
+
+ROLLBACK;
+-- outer join is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv(a,b) AS SELECT a.i, b.i FROM mv_base_a a LEFT JOIN mv_base_b b ON a.i=b.i;
+ERROR:  OUTER JOIN is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- CTE is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS
+    WITH b AS ( SELECT * FROM mv_base_b) SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a, b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+ERROR:  CTE is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- contain system column
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm01 AS SELECT i,j,xmin FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  system column is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm02 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a WHERE xmin = '610';
+ERROR:  system column is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm04 AS SELECT i,j,xmin::text AS x_min FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  system column is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm06 AS SELECT i,j,xidsend(xmin) AS x_min FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  system column is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- contain subquery
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm03 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a WHERE i IN (SELECT i FROM mv_base_b WHERE k < 103 );
+ERROR:  subquery is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm04 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a, (SELECT * FROM mv_base_b) b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+ERROR:  subquery is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm05 AS SELECT i,j, (SELECT k FROM mv_base_b b WHERE a.i = b.i) FROM mv_base_a a;
+ERROR:  subquery is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- contain ORDER BY
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm07 AS SELECT i,j,k FROM mv_base_a a INNER JOIN mv_base_b b USING(i) ORDER BY i,j,k;
+ERROR:  ORDER BY clause is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- contain HAVING
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm08 AS SELECT i,j,k FROM mv_base_a a INNER JOIN mv_base_b b USING(i) GROUP BY i,j,k HAVING SUM(i) > 5;
+ERROR:   HAVING clause is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- contain view or materialized view
+CREATE VIEW b_view AS SELECT i,k FROM mv_base_b;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW b_mview AS SELECT i,k FROM mv_base_b;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm07 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a,b_view b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+ERROR:  VIEW or MATERIALIZED VIEW is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm08 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a,b_mview b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+ERROR:  VIEW or MATERIALIZED VIEW is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm09 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a, (SELECT i, COUNT(*) FROM mv_base_b GROUP BY i) b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+ERROR:  subquery is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm10 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM mv_base_b b WHERE a.i = b.i) OR a.i > 5;
+ERROR:  subquery is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- contain mutable functions
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm12 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a WHERE i = random()::int;
+ERROR:  mutable function is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+HINT:  functions must be marked IMMUTABLE
+-- LIMIT/OFFSET is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm13 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5;
+ERROR:  LIMIT/OFFSET clause is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- DISTINCT ON is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm14 AS SELECT DISTINCT ON(i) i, j FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  DISTINCT ON is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- TABLESAMPLE clause is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm15 AS SELECT i, j FROM mv_base_a TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM(50);
+ERROR:  TABLESAMPLE clause is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- window functions are not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm16 AS SELECT *, cume_dist() OVER (ORDER BY i) AS rank FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  window functions are not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- aggregate function with some options is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm17 AS SELECT COUNT(*) FILTER(WHERE i < 3) FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  aggregate function with FILTER clause is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm18 AS SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT i)  FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  aggregate function with DISTINCT arguments is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm19 AS SELECT array_agg(j ORDER BY i DESC) FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  aggregate function with ORDER clause is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm20 AS SELECT i,SUM(j) FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY GROUPING SETS((i),());
+ERROR:  GROUPING SETS, ROLLUP, or CUBE clauses is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- inheritance parent is not supported
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE parent (i int, v int);
+CREATE TABLE child_a(options text) INHERITS(parent);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm21 AS SELECT * FROM parent;
+ERROR:  inheritance parent is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+ROLLBACK;
+-- UNION statement is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm22 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a UNION ALL SELECT i,k FROM mv_base_b;;
+ERROR:  UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT statements are not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- empty target list is not allowed with IVM
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm25 AS SELECT FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  empty target list is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- FOR UPDATE/SHARE is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm26 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a FOR UPDATE;
+ERROR:  FOR UPDATE/SHARE clause is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- tartget list cannot contain ivm column that start with '__ivm'
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm28 AS SELECT i AS "__ivm_count__" FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  column name __ivm_count__ is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- expressions specified in GROUP BY must appear in the target list.
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm29 AS SELECT COUNT(i) FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY i;
+ERROR:  GROUP BY expression not appeared in select list is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- experssions containing an aggregate is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm30 AS SELECT sum(i)*0.5 FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  expression containing an aggregate in it is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm31 AS SELECT sum(i)/sum(j) FROM mv_base_a;
+ERROR:  expression containing an aggregate in it is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- VALUES is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_only_values1 AS values(1);
+ERROR:  VALUES is not supported on incrementally maintainable materialized view
+-- base table which has row level security
+DROP USER IF EXISTS ivm_admin;
+NOTICE:  role "ivm_admin" does not exist, skipping
+DROP USER IF EXISTS ivm_user;
+NOTICE:  role "ivm_user" does not exist, skipping
+CREATE USER ivm_admin;
+CREATE USER ivm_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION ivm_admin;
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl(id int, data text, owner name);
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl VALUES
+  (1,'foo','ivm_user'),
+  (2,'bar','postgres');
+CREATE TABLE num_tbl(id int, num text);
+INSERT INTO num_tbl VALUES
+  (1,'one'),
+  (2,'two'),
+  (3,'three'),
+  (4,'four');
+CREATE POLICY rls_tbl_policy ON rls_tbl FOR SELECT TO PUBLIC USING(owner = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY rls_tbl_policy2 ON rls_tbl FOR INSERT TO PUBLIC WITH CHECK(current_user LIKE 'ivm_%');
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT ALL on rls_tbl TO PUBLIC;
+GRANT ALL on num_tbl TO PUBLIC;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION ivm_user;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  ivm_rls AS SELECT * FROM rls_tbl;
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "ivm_rls" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+SELECT id, data, owner FROM ivm_rls ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ id | data |  owner   
+----+------+----------
+  1 | foo  | ivm_user
+(1 row)
+
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl VALUES
+  (3,'baz','ivm_user'),
+  (4,'qux','postgres');
+SELECT id, data, owner FROM ivm_rls ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ id | data |  owner   
+----+------+----------
+  1 | foo  | ivm_user
+  3 | baz  | ivm_user
+(2 rows)
+
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  ivm_rls2 AS SELECT * FROM rls_tbl JOIN num_tbl USING(id);
+NOTICE:  could not create an index on materialized view "ivm_rls2" automatically
+HINT:  Create an index on the materialized view for efficient incremental maintenance.
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+WITH
+ x AS (UPDATE rls_tbl SET data = data || '_2' where id in (3,4)),
+ y AS (UPDATE num_tbl SET num = num || '_2' where id in (3,4))
+SELECT;
+--
+(1 row)
+
+SELECT * FROM ivm_rls2 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ id | data  |  owner   |   num   
+----+-------+----------+---------
+  1 | foo   | ivm_user | one
+  3 | baz_2 | ivm_user | three_2
+(2 rows)
+
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 2 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to materialized view ivm_rls
+drop cascades to materialized view ivm_rls2
+DROP TABLE num_tbl CASCADE;
+DROP USER ivm_user;
+DROP USER ivm_admin;
+DROP TABLE mv_base_b CASCADE;
+NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
+DETAIL:  drop cascades to materialized view mv_ivm_1
+drop cascades to view b_view
+drop cascades to materialized view b_mview
+DROP TABLE mv_base_a CASCADE;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
index 7be89178f0..b0350f47dd 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
+++ b/src/test/regress/parallel_schedule
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ test: brin_bloom brin_multi
 # ----------
 # Another group of parallel tests
 # ----------
-test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort
+test: create_table_like alter_generic alter_operator misc async dbsize misc_functions sysviews tsrf tid tidscan tidrangescan collate.icu.utf8 incremental_sort incremental_matview
 
 # rules cannot run concurrently with any test that creates
 # a view or rule in the public schema
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/incremental_matview.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/incremental_matview.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..311e9b96fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/incremental_matview.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+-- create a table to use as a basis for views and materialized views in various combinations
+CREATE TABLE mv_base_a (i int, j int);
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES
+  (1,10),
+  (2,20),
+  (3,30),
+  (4,40),
+  (5,50);
+CREATE TABLE mv_base_b (i int, k int);
+INSERT INTO mv_base_b VALUES
+  (1,101),
+  (2,102),
+  (3,103),
+  (4,104);
+
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_1 AS SELECT i,j,k FROM mv_base_a a INNER JOIN mv_base_b b USING(i) WITH NO DATA;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_1;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+-- immediate maintenance
+BEGIN;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_b VALUES(5,105);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+UPDATE mv_base_a SET j = 0 WHERE i = 1;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+DELETE FROM mv_base_b WHERE (i,k) = (5,105);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ROLLBACK;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_1 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+
+-- rename of IVM columns
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_rename AS SELECT DISTINCT * FROM mv_base_a;
+ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_rename RENAME COLUMN __ivm_count__ TO xxx;
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_rename;
+
+-- unique index on IVM columns
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_unique AS SELECT DISTINCT * FROM mv_base_a;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mv_ivm_unique(__ivm_count__);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mv_ivm_unique((__ivm_count__));
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ON mv_ivm_unique((__ivm_count__ + 1));
+DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_unique;
+
+-- some query syntax
+BEGIN;
+CREATE FUNCTION ivm_func() RETURNS int LANGUAGE 'sql'
+       AS 'SELECT 1' IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_func AS SELECT * FROM ivm_func();
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_no_tbl AS SELECT 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- result of materialized view have DISTINCT clause or the duplicate result.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_duplicate AS SELECT j FROM mv_base_a;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_distinct AS SELECT DISTINCT j FROM mv_base_a;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES(6,20);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_duplicate ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_distinct ORDER BY 1;
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) = (2,20);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_duplicate ORDER BY 1;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_distinct ORDER BY 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- support SUM(), COUNT() and AVG() aggregate functions
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_agg AS SELECT i, SUM(j), COUNT(i), AVG(j) FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY i;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3,4;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES(2,100);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3,4;
+UPDATE mv_base_a SET j = 200 WHERE (i,j) = (2,100);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3,4;
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) = (2,200);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3,4;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- support COUNT(*) aggregate function
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_agg AS SELECT i, SUM(j), COUNT(*) FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY i;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES(2,100);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_agg ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- support aggregate functions without GROUP clause
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_group AS SELECT SUM(j), COUNT(j), AVG(j) FROM mv_base_a;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_group ORDER BY 1;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES(6,60);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_group ORDER BY 1;
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_group ORDER BY 1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- resolved issue: When use AVG() function and values is indivisible, result of AVG() is incorrect.
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_avg_bug AS SELECT i, SUM(j), COUNT(j), AVG(j) FROM mv_base_A GROUP BY i;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_avg_bug ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES
+  (1,0),
+  (1,0),
+  (2,30),
+  (2,30);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_avg_bug ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) = (1,0);
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) = (2,30);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_avg_bug ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- support MIN(), MAX() aggregate functions
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_min_max AS SELECT i, MIN(j), MAX(j)  FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY i;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES
+  (1,11), (1,12),
+  (2,21), (2,22),
+  (3,31), (3,32),
+  (4,41), (4,42),
+  (5,51), (5,52);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) IN ((1,10), (2,21), (3,32));
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- support MIN(), MAX() aggregate functions without GROUP clause
+BEGIN;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_min_max AS SELECT MIN(j), MAX(j)  FROM mv_base_a;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max;
+INSERT INTO mv_base_a VALUES
+  (0,0), (6,60), (7,70);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max;
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a WHERE (i,j) IN ((0,0), (7,70));
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max;
+DELETE FROM mv_base_a;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ivm_min_max;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- support self join view and multiple change on the same table
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_self(v1, v2) AS
+ SELECT t1.v, t2.v FROM base_t AS t1 JOIN base_t AS t2 ON t1.i = t2.i;
+SELECT * FROM mv_self ORDER BY v1;
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (4,40);
+DELETE FROM base_t WHERE i = 1;
+UPDATE base_t SET v = v*10 WHERE i=2;
+SELECT * FROM mv_self ORDER BY v1;
+WITH
+ ins_t1 AS (INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (5,50) RETURNING 1),
+ ins_t2 AS (INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (6,60) RETURNING 1),
+ upd_t AS (UPDATE base_t SET v = v + 100  RETURNING 1),
+ dlt_t AS (DELETE FROM base_t WHERE i IN (4,5)  RETURNING 1)
+SELECT NULL;
+SELECT * FROM mv_self ORDER BY v1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- support simultaneous table changes
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_r (i int, v int);
+CREATE TABLE base_s (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_r VALUES (1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30);
+INSERT INTO base_s VALUES (1, 100), (2, 200), (3, 300);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv(v1, v2) AS
+ SELECT r.v, s.v FROM base_r AS r JOIN base_s AS s USING(i);
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY v1;
+WITH
+ ins_r AS (INSERT INTO base_r VALUES (1,11) RETURNING 1),
+ ins_r2 AS (INSERT INTO base_r VALUES (3,33) RETURNING 1),
+ ins_s AS (INSERT INTO base_s VALUES (2,222) RETURNING 1),
+ upd_r AS (UPDATE base_r SET v = v + 1000 WHERE i = 2 RETURNING 1),
+ dlt_s AS (DELETE FROM base_s WHERE i = 3 RETURNING 1)
+SELECT NULL;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY v1;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- support foreign reference constraints
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE ri1 (i int PRIMARY KEY);
+CREATE TABLE ri2 (i int PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES ri1(i) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE CASCADE, v int);
+INSERT INTO ri1 VALUES (1),(2),(3);
+INSERT INTO ri2 VALUES (1),(2),(3);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ri(i1, i2) AS
+ SELECT ri1.i, ri2.i FROM ri1 JOIN ri2 USING(i);
+SELECT * FROM mv_ri ORDER BY i1;
+UPDATE ri1 SET i=10 where i=1;
+DELETE FROM ri1 WHERE i=2;
+SELECT * FROM mv_ri ORDER BY i2;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- views including NULL
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (1,10),(2, NULL);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT * FROM base_t;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+UPDATE base_t SET v = 20 WHERE i = 2;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT * FROM base_t;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (1),(NULL);
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (NULL, 1), (NULL, 2), (1, 10), (1, 20);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT i, sum(v) FROM base_t GROUP BY i;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+UPDATE base_t SET v = v * 10;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE base_t (i int, v int);
+INSERT INTO base_t VALUES (NULL, 1), (NULL, 2), (NULL, 3), (NULL, 4), (NULL, 5);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS SELECT i, min(v), max(v) FROM base_t GROUP BY i;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+DELETE FROM base_t WHERE v = 1;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+DELETE FROM base_t WHERE v = 3;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+DELETE FROM base_t WHERE v = 5;
+SELECT * FROM mv ORDER BY i;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- IMMV containing user defined type
+BEGIN;
+
+CREATE TYPE mytype;
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_in(cstring)
+ RETURNS mytype AS 'int4in'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_out(mytype)
+ RETURNS cstring AS 'int4out'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE TYPE mytype (
+ LIKE = int4,
+ INPUT = mytype_in,
+ OUTPUT = mytype_out
+);
+
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_eq(mytype, mytype)
+ RETURNS bool AS 'int4eq'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_lt(mytype, mytype)
+ RETURNS bool AS 'int4lt'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+CREATE FUNCTION mytype_cmp(mytype, mytype)
+ RETURNS integer AS 'btint4cmp'
+ LANGUAGE INTERNAL STRICT IMMUTABLE;
+
+CREATE OPERATOR = (
+ leftarg = mytype, rightarg = mytype,
+ procedure = mytype_eq);
+CREATE OPERATOR < (
+ leftarg = mytype, rightarg = mytype,
+ procedure = mytype_lt);
+
+CREATE OPERATOR CLASS mytype_ops
+ DEFAULT FOR TYPE mytype USING btree AS
+ OPERATOR        1       <,
+ OPERATOR        3       = ,
+ FUNCTION		1		mytype_cmp(mytype,mytype);
+
+CREATE TABLE t_mytype (x mytype);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_mytype AS
+ SELECT * FROM t_mytype;
+INSERT INTO t_mytype VALUES ('1'::mytype);
+SELECT * FROM mv_mytype;
+
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- outer join is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv(a,b) AS SELECT a.i, b.i FROM mv_base_a a LEFT JOIN mv_base_b b ON a.i=b.i;
+-- CTE is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv AS
+    WITH b AS ( SELECT * FROM mv_base_b) SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a, b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+-- contain system column
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm01 AS SELECT i,j,xmin FROM mv_base_a;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm02 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a WHERE xmin = '610';
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm04 AS SELECT i,j,xmin::text AS x_min FROM mv_base_a;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm06 AS SELECT i,j,xidsend(xmin) AS x_min FROM mv_base_a;
+-- contain subquery
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm03 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a WHERE i IN (SELECT i FROM mv_base_b WHERE k < 103 );
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm04 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a, (SELECT * FROM mv_base_b) b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm05 AS SELECT i,j, (SELECT k FROM mv_base_b b WHERE a.i = b.i) FROM mv_base_a a;
+-- contain ORDER BY
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm07 AS SELECT i,j,k FROM mv_base_a a INNER JOIN mv_base_b b USING(i) ORDER BY i,j,k;
+-- contain HAVING
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm08 AS SELECT i,j,k FROM mv_base_a a INNER JOIN mv_base_b b USING(i) GROUP BY i,j,k HAVING SUM(i) > 5;
+
+-- contain view or materialized view
+CREATE VIEW b_view AS SELECT i,k FROM mv_base_b;
+CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW b_mview AS SELECT i,k FROM mv_base_b;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm07 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a,b_view b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm08 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a,b_mview b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm09 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a, (SELECT i, COUNT(*) FROM mv_base_b GROUP BY i) b WHERE a.i = b.i;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm10 AS SELECT a.i,a.j FROM mv_base_a a WHERE EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM mv_base_b b WHERE a.i = b.i) OR a.i > 5;
+
+-- contain mutable functions
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm12 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a WHERE i = random()::int;
+
+-- LIMIT/OFFSET is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm13 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a LIMIT 10 OFFSET 5;
+
+-- DISTINCT ON is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm14 AS SELECT DISTINCT ON(i) i, j FROM mv_base_a;
+
+-- TABLESAMPLE clause is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm15 AS SELECT i, j FROM mv_base_a TABLESAMPLE SYSTEM(50);
+
+-- window functions are not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm16 AS SELECT *, cume_dist() OVER (ORDER BY i) AS rank FROM mv_base_a;
+
+-- aggregate function with some options is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm17 AS SELECT COUNT(*) FILTER(WHERE i < 3) FROM mv_base_a;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm18 AS SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT i)  FROM mv_base_a;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm19 AS SELECT array_agg(j ORDER BY i DESC) FROM mv_base_a;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm20 AS SELECT i,SUM(j) FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY GROUPING SETS((i),());
+
+-- inheritance parent is not supported
+BEGIN;
+CREATE TABLE parent (i int, v int);
+CREATE TABLE child_a(options text) INHERITS(parent);
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm21 AS SELECT * FROM parent;
+ROLLBACK;
+
+-- UNION statement is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm22 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a UNION ALL SELECT i,k FROM mv_base_b;;
+
+-- empty target list is not allowed with IVM
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm25 AS SELECT FROM mv_base_a;
+
+-- FOR UPDATE/SHARE is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm26 AS SELECT i,j FROM mv_base_a FOR UPDATE;
+
+-- tartget list cannot contain ivm column that start with '__ivm'
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm28 AS SELECT i AS "__ivm_count__" FROM mv_base_a;
+
+-- expressions specified in GROUP BY must appear in the target list.
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  mv_ivm29 AS SELECT COUNT(i) FROM mv_base_a GROUP BY i;
+
+-- experssions containing an aggregate is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm30 AS SELECT sum(i)*0.5 FROM mv_base_a;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm31 AS SELECT sum(i)/sum(j) FROM mv_base_a;
+
+-- VALUES is not supported
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW mv_ivm_only_values1 AS values(1);
+
+-- base table which has row level security
+DROP USER IF EXISTS ivm_admin;
+DROP USER IF EXISTS ivm_user;
+CREATE USER ivm_admin;
+CREATE USER ivm_user;
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION ivm_admin;
+
+CREATE TABLE rls_tbl(id int, data text, owner name);
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl VALUES
+  (1,'foo','ivm_user'),
+  (2,'bar','postgres');
+CREATE TABLE num_tbl(id int, num text);
+INSERT INTO num_tbl VALUES
+  (1,'one'),
+  (2,'two'),
+  (3,'three'),
+  (4,'four');
+CREATE POLICY rls_tbl_policy ON rls_tbl FOR SELECT TO PUBLIC USING(owner = current_user);
+CREATE POLICY rls_tbl_policy2 ON rls_tbl FOR INSERT TO PUBLIC WITH CHECK(current_user LIKE 'ivm_%');
+ALTER TABLE rls_tbl ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
+GRANT ALL on rls_tbl TO PUBLIC;
+GRANT ALL on num_tbl TO PUBLIC;
+
+SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION ivm_user;
+
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  ivm_rls AS SELECT * FROM rls_tbl;
+SELECT id, data, owner FROM ivm_rls ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+INSERT INTO rls_tbl VALUES
+  (3,'baz','ivm_user'),
+  (4,'qux','postgres');
+SELECT id, data, owner FROM ivm_rls ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+CREATE INCREMENTAL MATERIALIZED VIEW  ivm_rls2 AS SELECT * FROM rls_tbl JOIN num_tbl USING(id);
+
+RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION;
+
+WITH
+ x AS (UPDATE rls_tbl SET data = data || '_2' where id in (3,4)),
+ y AS (UPDATE num_tbl SET num = num || '_2' where id in (3,4))
+SELECT;
+SELECT * FROM ivm_rls2 ORDER BY 1,2,3;
+
+DROP TABLE rls_tbl CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE num_tbl CASCADE;
+DROP USER ivm_user;
+DROP USER ivm_admin;
+
+DROP TABLE mv_base_b CASCADE;
+DROP TABLE mv_base_a CASCADE;
-- 
2.17.1

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